Zvinyorwa zvekudzidzisa Mutemo zvaArchimedes zvinosanganisira Zviratidzo zveBasic Competencies uye Competency Achievement, Zvekushandisa pakudzidza, Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso, Mibvunzo yekurovedza uye Bvunzo dzekudzidzisa.
A. Unyanzvi Hwekutanga
3.1 Kushandisa mitemo yemvura isingachinji muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
4.1 Kugadzira nekuita ongororo dzinoshandisa hunhu hwemvura isingachinji, kusanganisira kuratidzwa kwemhedzisiro yeongororo uye kushandiswa kwayo.
B. Zviratidzo zveKubudirira kweKugona
1. Kuyeuka (C1), kunzwisisa (C2), kushandisa (C3), kuongorora (C4) uye kugumisa (C5) pfungwa yekudzikama, mutemo waArchimedes uye pfungwa yekuyangarara, kutenderera, kunyura
2. Gadzirisa (C4) wogadzirisa (C6) mibvunzo nezve buoyancy uye mutemo waArchimedes
3. Ita (P2) kuyedza mutemo waArchimedes
4. Ratidza (P3) uye sarudza (P5) simba rekufamba nemhepo uye mutemo waArchimedes
Mutemo waArchimed
I. NHANGANYAYA
Wakambova mungarava here? Ngarava ine huremu hwakakura kwazvo hainyuri, asi dombo diki, rakareruka rinogona kunyura. Sei zvakadaro?
Unoziva here kuti mufananidzo uri kuruboshwe chii? Submarine ingarava inogona kushambira pamusoro pegungwa uye zvakare kunyura pasi pemvura. Submarine inoshambira uye inonyura sei?
Chii chauri kuona pamufananidzo uri kurudyi? Mabharumu emhepo inopisa anogona kubhururuka pakakwirira. Sei mabharumu achibhururuka, uye unobhururutsa sei bharumu remhepo inopisa?
Ngarava dzinogona kukwakuka pamusoro pegungwa uye kunyura pasi pemvura, sezvinoita mabharumu anogona kukwakuka mumhepo, kureva mhepo. Kuti unzwisise izvi, unofanira kutanga wanzwisisa Mutemo waArchimedes . Kuti unzwisise Mutemo waArchimedes, unofanira kutanga wanzwisisa pfungwa yekukwakuka.
Mufananidzo wacho: Google.com
II. SIMBA RINOSIMBISA
Chii chinoita sechinoreruka, dombo rakasimudzwa panyika kana dombo rimwe chete rakasimudzwa mumvura? Kana usati wambosangana neizvi, unofanira kuzviedza kuti upindure mubvunzo uyu. Zvinorema kusimudza dombo panyika, asi dombo rimwe chete rakareruka rakasimudzwa mumvura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nesimba rinoyangarara.
Kana chinhu chikanyudzwa mumvura, pachava nemusiyano wekumanikidzwa pakati pemvura iri pamusoro pechinhu nemvura iri pasi payo. Mvura iri pasi pechinhu ine kumanikidzwa kwakakwira kupfuura mvura iri pamusoro pechinhu. Kugadzikana kunoitika nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura pakadzika kwakasiyana.
Mumufananidzo, chinhu chinoonekwa chichiyangarara mumvura. Mvura iri pasi pemvura ine kumanikidzwa kukuru kupfuura mvura iri pamusoro pechinhu, nekuti mvura iri pasi pechinhu ine kudzika kukuru kupfuura mvura iri pamusoro pechinhu (h2 > h1).
Tsananguro: FA = simba rekudzika, ρ = kuwanda kwemvura, g = kukurumidza nekuda kwegiravhiti, V = vhoriyamu yechinhu chakanyudzwa mumvura
Tsiva ρV mufomura yeBuoyancy Force ne m mufomura ye density:
Tsananguro: m = huremu, g = kukurumidza kwegiravhiti, w = simba rinokwevera pasi.
Zvichibva pamuenzaniso wechipiri, simba rinopfungaira (FA ) rakaenzana nehuremu (w) hwemvura yakabviswa. Vhoriyamu yemvura yakabviswa yakaenzana nehuremu hwechinhu chiri mumvura.
III. MUTEMO WA ARCHIMEDES
Kana chinhu chikanyudzwa chose kana kuti chikamu chacho mumvura, mvura yacho inoshandisa simba rinokwira (buoyancy) pachinhu chacho, uko hukuru hwesimba rinoyerera hunoenderana nehuremu hwemvura yakabviswa. Huwandu hwemvura yakabviswa hunoenderana nehuwandu hwechinhu chakanyudzwa mumvura.
IV. KUYAMIRA, KUYAMIRA, KUNYIKA
4.1 KUYAMUKA
Chinhu chinoyangarara pamusoro pemvura kana:
1. Simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi (gravity) rechinhu chacho diki pane simba rinoyerera (w < F A ), kana
2. Kuwanda kwechinhu chacho kudiki pane kuwanda kwemvura ( )
Kana simba rinoyerera richipfuura simba rinokwevera pasi, simba rinobuda harisi zero, zvichienderana nemitemo yaNewton yekufamba, chinhu chinokwira kumusoro. Asi chaizvoizvo chinhu chacho chiri pamusoro pemvura. Maererano nemutemo wekutanga waNewton, kana chinhu chiri pamusoro pemvura, ipapo
ΣFy = 0
F A – w – F a = 0
F A = w + F a
F A = simba rinoburitsa mvura pachinhu, Fa = simba remhepo , w = huremu hwechinhu.
4.2 KUYAMIRA
Chinhu chinoyangarara pamusoro pemvura kana:
1. Huremu hwechinhu chacho hwakafanana nesimba rinoyerera (w = F A ), kana
2. Kuwanda kwechinhu kwakafanana nekuwanda kwemvura ( )
Zvinoenderana nemutemo wekutanga waNewton, kana chinhu chiri pachigaro chemuviri, ipapo
Σ F y = 0
F A – w = 0
F A = w
4.3 KUNYIKA
1. Simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi (gravity) rechinhu chacho rakakura kupfuura simba rinoyerera (w > F A ), kana
2. Kuwanda kwechinhu chacho kwakakura kupfuura kuwanda kwemvura ( )
Zvinoenderana nemutemo wekutanga waNewton, kana chinhu chiri pachigaro chemuviri, ipapo
Σ F y = 0
w – F A – N = 0
w = FA + N
F A = simba rinoburitsa mvura pachinhu, N = simba rakajairika rinoburitswa nehwaro hwechinhu , w = simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi.
Sei ngarava dzichiyangarara?
Mushure mekudzidza tsananguro iri pamusoro apa, ikozvino unoedza kupindura mubvunzo wekuti, sei ngarava ine huremu hwakakura isinganyure nepo jecha diki richinyura mugungwa? Jecha rinonyura nekuti huremu hwejecha hwakakura kupfuura huremu hwemvura yegungwa. Kunyange zvazvo ngarava iyi yakagadzirwa nesimbi ine huremu hwakakura kupfuura huremu hwemvura yegungwa (huremu hwesimbi i7874 kg / m3 , huremu hwemvura yegungwa i1025 kg / m3 ) , asi vhoriyamu yengarava yakakura kwazvo zvekuti huremu hwengarava kana ikaverengerwa uchishandisa fomura yehuremu ρ = m / V, kukosha kwayo kudiki pane huremu hwemvura yegungwa.
Kana tikashandisa pfungwa yekudzikama uye simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, ngarava dzinoyangarara nekuti simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rakakura kupfuura simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rengarava.
Kunyura kwengarava dzepasi pemvura
Kuti ikwanise kuyangarara, huwandu hwepasi pemvura hunofanira kunge hudiki pane huwandu hwemvura yegungwa, saizvozvowo pasi pemvura inogona kunyura kana huwandu hwayo hwakakura kupfuura kana kuti hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwemvura yegungwa. Huwandu hwepasi pemvura hwakafanana, saka kuti ikwanise kunyura nekuyangarara, huwandu hwepasi pemvura hunogona kuchinjwa nekuisa mvura nemhepo mumatangi e ballast. Kana uchida kunyura, isa mvura mutangi re ballast uye kana uchida kuyangarara pamusoro, mvura inobviswa mutangi uye mweya unoiswa mutangi.
Tichishandisa pfungwa yekudzika nekukura kwemvura, ngarava yepasi pemvura inogona kuyerera kana simba rekukura kwemvura riri guru kupfuura simba rekukura kwemvura yepasi pemvura. Ngarava yepasi pemvura inogona kunyura kana simba rekukura kwechikepe riri guru kupfuura simba rekukura kwemvura rinoitwa nemvura yegungwa pangarava yepasi pemvura.
Sei uye sei mabharumu emhepo inopisa anogona kubhururuka
Mabharuni anobhururuka mudenga nekuti mukati mebharuni mune gasi rine huwandu hudiki pane huwandu hwemhepo yakaripoteredza. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana huwandu hwegasi riri mukati mebharuni hwakafanana nehuwandu hwemhepo yakaripoteredza, bharuni rinowira pasi uye haribhururuki panzvimbo yakakwirira.
Tichishandisa pfungwa yekubhururuka, bharumu remhepo inopisa rinokwira nekuti simba rinobhururuka rakakura kupfuura simba rinokwevera bharumu. Bharumu rinowira pasi kana simba rinokwevera bharumu rakakura kupfuura simba rinokwevera bharumu rinokwevera bharumu.
V. MIBVUNZO YEMIENZANISO
5.1. Huremu hwemutoro uri mumhepo i5 N, huremu hwemutoro kana uchiyerwa mumvura i4 N. Simba rinoyerera rakakura sei?
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kurema kwemutoro mumhepo (w) = 5 N
Kurema kwemutoro mumvura (w F ) = 4 N
Akabvunzwa: Simba rechisimba ( FA )
Mhinduro:
Kana zvikayerwa mumvura, humwe huremu hwemutoro hunorasika nekuda kwesimba remutoro. Hukuru hwesimba remutoro = musiyano uripo pakati pehuremu hwemutoro uri mumhepo nehuremu hwemutoro uri mumvura.
F A = 5 – 4 = 1 Newton
5.2. Mudziyo uzere nemvura, dombo rinoiswa kuitira kuti mvura ibude. Huwandu hwemvura yakadeuka i 0,1 m 3. . Kuwanda kwemvura = 1000 kg / m 3 , Kukurumidza kukwira nekuda kwesimba rekukwevera pasi 10 m / s 2. Mvura inoshandisa simba rakadii padombo?
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa:
Vhoriyamu yemvura yakadururwa (V) = 0,1 m 3
Kuwanda kwemvura ( ρ ) = 1000 kg/ m3
Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s 2
Akabvunzwa: Simba rechisimba ( FA )
Mhinduro:
F A = ρ g V = (1000)(10)(0,1) = 1000 N
5.3. Kana chinhu chikaiswa mumudziyo uzere nemvura yegungwa, imwe yemvura yegungwa inodururwa kusvika 0,2 m 3. Kuwanda kwemvura yegungwa = 1025 kg/m 3. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti i10 m/s 2. Verenga huremu hwemvura yegungwa yakabviswa/yakadururwa.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa:
Vhoriyamu (V) = 0,2 m 3
Kuwanda kwemvura yegungwa (ρ) = 1025 kg/ m3.
Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s 2
Akabvunzwa: Kurema kwemvura yegungwa yakafamba/yakadururwa
Mhinduro:
Mutemo waArchimedes unoti hukuru hwesimba rinoyerera = huremu hwemvura yegungwa yakabviswa/yakadururwa
F A = ρ g V = (1025)(10)(0,2) = 2050 N
5.4. Simbi inorema 100 N kana ikayerwa mumhepo uye 80 N kana ikayerwa mumvura. Vhoriyamu yesimbi iyi yakaita sei? Kuwanda kwemvura = 1000 kg/m3 , kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti = 10 m/ s2.
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kurema mumhepo (w) = 100 N
Kurema mumvura (w f ) = 80 N
Kuwanda kwemvura ( ρ) = 1000 kg/ m3
Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s 2
Akabvunzwa: Huwandu hwesimbi
Mhinduro:
F A = 100 – 80 = 20 N
F A = ρ g V
20 = (1000)(10) V
20 = 10.000 V
5.5. Chinhu chinorema 20 N chinoiswa mumvura. Kana simba remvura riri 30 N, chinhu chacho chinonyura, chinoyangarara here kana kuti chinoyangarara here?
Kukurukurirana
Simba rinoyerera rakakura kupfuura huremu hwechinhu, F A > w, saka chinhu chinoyangarara.
Chinhu chinonyura kana simba rinoyerera riri pasi pehuremu hwechinhu chacho (F A < w)
VI. DZIDZIRA MIBVUNZO NEMAKIYI EMHINDURO
https://gurumuda.net/soal-ujian/soal-latihan-hukum-archimedes
VII. MIBVUNZO YEKUBVUNZA ZVINHU
https://gurumuda.net/soal-ujian/tes-formatif-hukum-archimedes
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