### Dzidziso yeKuumbwa kweSisitimu yeZuva
Pendauluan
Kuumbwa kweSolar System ndeimwe yenyaya dzinonakidza zvikuru mu astrophysics ne astronomy. Dzidziso dzakawanda nemamodheru zvakakurudzirwa kutsanangura kuti Solar System yedu yakaumbwa sei makore angangoita mabhiriyoni 4,6 apfuura. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa chekuongorora dzimwe dzedzidziso huru dzinotsanangura maitiro aya, kunyanya kusimbisa Nebular Theory, iyo parizvino ndiyo modheru inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya munharaunda yesainzi.
Dzidziso Dzekutanga
Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwedzidziso dzekuumbwa kweSolar System inotanga nekufungidzira kwakasiyana-siyana uye fungidziro kubva munguva dzekare kusvika kunguva yemazuva ano. Mamwe maonero ekutanga anobva muuzivi hwekare hwechisikigo hwechiGiriki, uhwo hunowanzo kuve hwekufungidzira uye husina hwaro hwesainzi.
Muzana remakore rechi18, dzidziso mbiri huru dzakabuda. Yekutanga yaive dzidziso yeCatastrophism, yakakurudzirwa nenyanzvi yezvenyeredzi yekuFrance Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. Sekureva kwedzidziso iyi, Solar System yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaburitswa nyeredzi hombe payaisvika kuZuva diki.
Dzidziso yechipiri, inozivikanwa zvikuru ndeye Laplace's Theory (Nebular Hypothesis), yakafarirwa naPierre-Simon Laplace. Iyi fungidziro inoti Solar System yakaumbwa kubva mugore rinotenderera regasi neguruva, iro rakazodonha pasi pesimba rayo regiravhiti kuti rigadzire protoplanetary disk.
Dzidziso yeNebular (Nebular Hypothesis)
Dzidziso yeNebular ndiyo dzidziso inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya kutsanangura kuumbwa kweSolar System. Dzidziso iyi yakatanga kutaurwa naImmanuel Kant muna 1755 uye yakasimudzirwazve naLaplace mukupera kwezana remakore rechi18. Dzidziso iyi inoti Solar System yakaumbwa kubva mugore guru regasi rinonzi nebula, rinoumbwa zvakanyanya nehydrogen, helium, uye zvinhu zviri pakati penyeredzi.
Maitiro ekuumbwa uku anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana:
1. Kuputsika kweNebula:
Nebula iyi yakakweva simba regiravhiti, zvikaita kuti pakati payo paumbwe gobvu. Izvi zvingangodaro zvakakonzereswa nemafungu ekudengenyeka kubva kune supernova iri pedyo, ayo akamanikidza nebula iyi zvakanyanya.
2. Kuumbwa kweProtoplanetary Disc:
Nebula painodonha, inotanga kutenderera nekukurumidza nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwe angular momentum. Gasi neguruva zvinoungana zvakatenderedza nzvimbo ine denser, zvichigadzira protoplanetary disk yakatenderedza protostar ichangobva kugadzirwa.
3. Kuumbwa kweZuva:
Pakati pedhisiki, zvinhu zvairamba zvichiungana uye zvichipiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwegiravhiti, zvichikonzera kubatana kwenyukireya kwakazoita kuti pave neZuva. Izvi zvakatora makumi emamiriyoni emakore.
4. Kuumbwa Kwemapuraneti:
Guruva nezvidimbu zvechando mudiski zvakatanga kubatana kuburikidza nenzira inonzi accretion, zvichigadzira maplanetsimals. Maplanetsimals aya akabva abatana ndokubatana kuita maprotoplanets, ayo akazopedzisira ava mapuraneti. Zvinhu zviri pedyo neZuva, zvakaita sesimbi nematombo, zvakaumba mapuraneti epasi: Mercury, Venus, Earth, neMars. Muchikamu chekunze chediski, zvinhu zvine chando nemagasi zvakatonga, zvichiumba mapuraneti makuru egasi: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, neNeptune.
5. Kuumbwa kweMwedzi neSatellite System:
Kufanana nemaitiro ekuumbwa kwemapuraneti, masateliti nemwedzi zvakaumbwawo kubva mumadhisiki ezvinhu zvakakomberedza mapuraneti makuru.
6. Kuchenesa Masisitimu Ezuva:
Pakupera kwekuumbwa, mhepo yenyeredzi yakabva kuZuva diki yakabvisa gasi neguruva zvakasara, ichisiya mapuraneti, mwedzi, maasteroid, uye makometi atinoziva nhasi.
Imwe Dzidziso:
Kunze kweNebula Theory, kune dzimwe dzidziso dzakawanda dzakataurwa kuti dzitsanangure kuumbwa kweSolar System.
1. Dzidziso yePlaneti:
Yakataurwa naThomas Chrowder Chamberlin naForest Ray Moulton mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, dzidziso iyi inoti mapuraneti akaumbwa kubva kumapuraneti madiki akabatana kuburikidza nekuungana. Kunyangwe yakafanana neNebular Theory, dzidziso iyi inosimbisa basa remapuraneti mukuumbwa kwemapuraneti.
2. Fungidziro yeTidal:
Tidal Hypothesis, yakataurwa naJames Jeans naHarold Jeffreys muna 1919, inoti Solar System yakaumbwa kubva pakubatana kweZuva neimwe nyeredzi. Masimba eTidal kubva kunyeredzi iri pedyo akaita kuti zvinhu zvinobva kuZuva zviburitswe uye zvakazogadzira mapuraneti kuburikidza nekuwedzerana.
3. Dzidziso yeKubata:
Mudzidziso iyi, Solar System yakabva yabva kuZuva richitora zvinhu kubva mugore raipfuura pakati penyeredzi. Zvinhu izvi zvakatorwa zvakabva zvaumba mapuraneti. Zvisinei, dzidziso iyi inosangana nematambudziko akawanda pakutsanangura kupararira kwemapuraneti nekuumbwa kwawo.
Uchapupu hweKucherechedza
Kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi20, kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwetelesikopu uye mabasa emuchadenga kwakapa ruzivo rutsva rwakawanda nezvekuumbwa kweSolar System. Zvimwe zvezvipupuriro zvakakosha zvinotsigira Nebular Theory zvinosanganisira:
1. Dhisiki reRingi Rine Guruva Rakakomberedza Nyeredzi Dzechidiki:
Kucherechedzwa kwemadiski edunhu kana madhisiki eprotoplanetary akatenderedza nyeredzi diki dzine materesikopu akadai seHubble Space Telescope kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekufanotaura kweNebular Theory.
2. MaIsotopes ane Mwaranzi:
Zvidzidzo zvemeteorite zvinoratidza maumbirwo eisotopic anotsigira kuvapo kwezvinhu zvinorema zvakaumbwa muzvizvarwa zvekare zvenyeredzi, zvichitsigira mamiriro ezvinhu ekuti nebula yakasvibiswa nesupernova iri pedyo.
3. Kusiyana-siyana kwemapuraneti asingasviki zuva:
Kuwanikwa kwezviuru zvemapuraneti asingasviki zuva uye masisitimu akasiyana-siyana ezuva kunoratidza kuti kuumbwa kwemapuraneti chinhu chinowanzoitika muboka redu renyeredzi uye zvinoenderana nemisimboti yeNebular Theory.
4. Kugoverwa kweMiviri yeDenga:
Kurongeka kwemapuraneti muSolar System uye kuvapo kwebhandi re asteroid nebhandi reKuiper zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yesimba uye simba rinokwevera pasi yakafanotaurwa nedzidziso dzekuumbwa kwemapuraneti.
Mhedziso
Mumazana emakore apfuura, kunzwisisa kwedu kuti Solar System yakaumbwa sei kwafambira mberi zvikuru. Kunyange zvazvo paine zvakawanda zvakavanzika, Nebular Theory parizvino inopa tsananguro yakazara, inotsigirwa nekucherechedza uye makombiyuta. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji, tinoramba tichiwana ruzivo rutsva mumaitiro akaomarara anoumba nharaunda yedu yemuchadenga.
Saka, kudzidza nezvekuumbwa kweSolar System hakungotibatsiri chete kunzwisisa mavambo emapuraneti muhurongwa hwedu, asiwo kunotipa zviratidzo zvakakosha nezvekuumbwa nekushanduka kwemapuraneti muboka rese renyeredzi, zvichiwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu nzvimbo yedu muchadenga.
