Kunzwisisa Mhando dzakasiyana dzeMidziyo yeElectromagnetic
Mwaranzi yemagetsi chinhu chinoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana etekinoroji. Kubva kuzuva rinochengetedza hupenyu kusvika kumafungu eredhiyo anogonesa kutaurirana kure, mwaranzi yemagetsi inosanganisira zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvine hunhu hwakasiyana uye mhedzisiro dzakasiyana. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura mhando dzakasiyana dzemwaranzi yemagetsi, hunhu hwayo, uye mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwayo uye mhedzisiro.
1. Mafungu eredhiyo
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu:
Mafungu eredhiyo ane marefu ewavelength mu electromagnetic spectrum, anotangira pa 1 millimeter kusvika anopfuura 100 km. Ma frequency awo anotangira pa 3 Hz kusvika 300 GHz.
Aplikasi:
Mafungu eredhiyo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutaurirana kusina waya, kusanganisira AM neFM radio, terevhizheni, nharembozha, radar systems, uye satellites. Anoshandiswawo mukufambisa ndege nengarava uye kutaurirana neinternet kuburikidza neWi-Fi.
Mhedzisiro:
Mafungu eredhiyo haawanzokuvadza vanhu nekuda kwesimba rawo shoma. Zvisinei, kuratidzwa zvakanyanya kune mamwe mafrequency, akadai semagetsi akawanda kubva ku radar, kunogona kukanganisa hutano.
2. Ma microwave
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu:
Ma microwave ane ma frequency ari pakati pe 300 MHz ne 300 GHz uye ma wavelengths ari pakati pe 1 millimeter kusvika kune akati wandei masendimita.
Aplikasi:
Kunze kwekushandiswa mumaovheni ema microwave kudziyisa chikafu, ma microwave anoitawo basa guru mukutaurirana, zvakaita sekutumira data remafoni, Wi-Fi, nema satellite. Anoshandiswawo mu radar mukushandiswa kwemauto nemamiriro ekunze.
Mhedzisiro:
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nema microwave kugona kwawo kupisa nyama dzemuviri. Ndosaka ma microwave oven achinyatsogona kupisa chikafu. Zvisinei, kushandiswa nemazvo kunodzivirira mwaranzi iyi kuti isave nenjodzi kuvanhu.
3. Mwaranzi yeInfrared
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu:
Chiedza cheinfrared chiri pakati pema microwave nechiedza chinoonekwa, nema wavelengths kubva pa700 nanometers (nm) kusvika pa1 millimeter (mm).
Aplikasi:
Chiedza cheinfrared chine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakushandisa remote control nethermal imaging kusvika kuma motion sensors uye optical communications. Tekinoroji yeinfrared inoshandiswawo mu astronomy kudzidza zvinhu zvekudenga zvinotonhora nezviri kure.
Mhedzisiro:
Mwaranzi yeinfrared, kunyanya iyo iri pahurefu hwema wavelength (shortwave), inogona kuburitsa kupisa. Zvisinei, pahurefu hwakajairika uye mumashandisirwo ezuva nezuva, mwaranzi yeinfrared inowanzova isina njodzi.
4. Chiedza Chinooneka
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu:
Chiedza chinoonekwa ndicho chikamu che electromagnetic spectrum chinogona kuonekwa neziso remunhu, chine marefu emvura ari pakati pe380 nm ne750 nm.
Aplikasi:
Chiedza chinoonekwa chakakosha pakuona kwevanhu uye chinoshandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kubva pachiedza chenguva dzose kusvika kufiber optics uye mamwe mabasa etekinoroji anosanganisira madhiraivha emagetsi nemapurojekita.
Mhedzisiro:
Chiedza chinoonekwa chinobatsira zvikuru asi kunyanya kuratidzwa, sekunge wakatarisa zuva rakananga kana chiedza chebhuruu chinobva kumasevhisi emagetsi kwenguva yakareba, kunogona kukuvadza maziso.
5. Mwaranzi yeUltraviolet
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu:
Chiedza cheUltraviolet (UV) chine urefu hwemafungu mapfupi pane chiedza chinoonekwa, chinotangira pa10 nm kusvika 400 nm.
Aplikasi:
Mwenje weUV unoshandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekubvisa utachiona uye kubvisa utachiona, kurapa nechiedza chezuva (phototherapy) kune mamwe mamiriro ehutano, uye kuongorora makemikari nehupenyu. UV inoshandiswawo mumaindasitiri, akadai se polymer curating.
Mhedzisiro:
Kusangana nemwaranzi yeUV, kunyanya UV-B neUV-C, kunogona kukanganisa DNA uye kukonzera kukuvara kweganda, sekupiswa nezuva uye kuwedzera njodzi yekenza yeganda. Zvisinei, UV inobatsirawo muviri kugadzira huwandu hwakachengeteka hwevhitamini D.
6. X-rays
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu:
MaX-ray ane marefu ewavelength ari pakati pe0.01 nm ne10 nm uye ane simba rakawanda.
Aplikasi:
MaX-ray anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubazi rezvekurapa pakutora mifananidzo, zvakaita seX-rays yekuongorora chirwere uye CT scans. Anoshandiswawo muindasitiri pakuongorora kusungirirwa kwesimbi uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhandare yendege.
Mhedzisiro:
Nekuda kwesimba radzo guru, kuratidzwa kweX-ray kunofanirwa kudzorwa zvakasimba nekuti dzinogona kukuvadza masero evanhu neDNA, zvichikonzera kenza. Kushandiswa kweX-rays mukurapa kunogara kuchidzorwa kusvika padanho repamusoro kuderedza njodzi idzi.
7. Mwaranzi yeGamma
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu:
Mwaranzi yeGamma ine marefu mapfupi uye simba rakawanda, kazhinji iri pasi pe0.01 nm.
Aplikasi:
Mwaranzi yeGamma inoshandiswa mukurapa gomarara, pamwe nekushandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai sekuchengetedza chikafu uye kuongorora kusingaparadze. Inoshandiswawo mufizikisi yezvikamu uye cosmology.
Mhedzisiro:
Kushandiswa kwemwaranzi yeGamma kune njodzi huru nekuda kwesimba rayo guru, iro rinogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya nyama yemuviri neDNA. Kushandiswa kwemwaranzi yeGamma kunogara kuchiongororwa zvakanyanya kudzivirira kusvibiswa zvakanyanya.
Penutup
Mwaranzi yemagetsi inosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwakasiyana uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Kubva kumafungu eredhiyo kusvika kumwaranzi yegamma, mhando imwe neimwe inoita basa rakakosha mutekinoroji yemazuva ano nesainzi. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kunzwisisa mhedzisiro nenjodzi dzemwaranzi iyi uye kugara uchishandisa matanho ekuchengetedza anodiwa pakushandisa. Nekunzwisisa kwakanaka, tinogona kushandisa mwaranzi yemagetsi zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu.
