Mhepo yemagetsi chinhu chakakosha mufizikisi neinjiniya yemagetsi. Muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, tinovimba nemagetsi kuti tishandise michina nemasisitimu akasiyana-siyana. Imwe pfungwa inokosha ine chekuita nemagetsi idunhu rakavharika. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura magetsi nenzira yakadzama, kubva patsananguro yawo yekutanga, misimboti yekushanda, mhando dzemadunhu, kusvika kumashandisirwo anoshanda uye zviyero.
Pfungwa Yekutanga yeMagetsi Emagetsi
Mwenje wemagetsi kufamba kwemagetsi kunokonzereswa nekufamba kwemaerekitironi ari mukonzeresa. Kuyerera uku kunoitika nekuda kwemusiyano uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri ari mukati mekonzeresa. Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerwa mumaampere (A). Kune mhando mbiri huru dzemagetsi: magetsi akananga (DC) uye magetsi anowirirana (AC).
Maseketi emagetsi
Dunhu remagetsi inzira yakavharwa iyo magetsi emagetsi anoyerera nayo. Kuti magetsi emagetsi ayerere, dunhu rinofanira kunge riine simba remagetsi, senge bhatiri kana jenareta, rinogadzira mutsauko. Dunhu remagetsi rinogona kuva nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita se resistors, capacitors, inductors, switches, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvakabatana mumagadzirirwo chaiwo.
Dunhu Rakavharwa
Dunhu rakavharwa idunhu umo nzira yemagetsi inokwana pasina mipata. Mudunhu rakavharwa, magetsi anogona kuyerera kubva panobva magetsi, kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kudzokera kunobva magetsi. Iyi nheyo inokosha pakunzwisisa mashandiro anoita michina yemagetsi.
Nheyo dzekushanda dzeMasekete Akavharwa
Kuti unzwisise musimboti wekushanda kwe closed circuit, zvakakosha kunzwisisa dzimwe pfungwa huru:
1. Kunobva Voltage: Kunobva voltage kunopa simba rinodiwa kuti magetsi afambiswe mucircuit. Mienzaniso yezvinotangira voltage inosanganisira mabhatiri, majenareta, nezvimwe zvinotangira magetsi.
2. Kondakita: Kondakita chinhu chinobvumira kufamba kwemagetsi. Makondakita anoshandiswa zvakanyanya isimbi dzakadai semhangura nearuminiyamu.
3. Resistor: Resistor chinhu chinodzivirira kufamba kwemagetsi, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwevoltage. Resistor dzinoshandiswa kudzora magetsi mucircuit.
4. Chinja: Chinja chinoshandiswa kuvhura kana kuvhara dunhu. Kana gomba ravharwa, dunhu rinopera uye magetsi anogona kuyerera. Kana gomba ravhurika, dunhu rinotyoka uye magetsi anomira kuyerera.
Mutemo waKirchoff
Mitemo yaKirchoff ndiyo misimboti yekutanga inoshandiswa kuongorora magetsi nemagetsi mu closed circuit. Kune mitemo mikuru miviri yaKirchoff:
1. Mutemo waKirchoff weParizvino (KCL): Unotaura kuti huwandu hwemafungu anopinda panzvimbo (node) mudunhu hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwemafungu anopinda panzvimbo iyoyo. Pamasvomhu, izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa seizvi:
\[ \sum I_{\text{in}} = \sum I_{\text{out}} \]
2. Mutemo weVoltage waKirchhoff (KVL): Unotaura kuti huwandu hwevoltages dziri mu "closed loop" izero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kudonha kwevoltage kutenderedza "loop" kunofanirwa kuenzana nekudonha kwevoltage kubva ku "voltage sources" dziri mu "loop". Panyaya yemasvomhu, izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa seizvi:
\[ \sum V = 0 \]
Mhando dzeMatunhu Akavharwa
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzema "closed circuits" anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa anoshanda, anosanganisira:
1. Dunhu reSeti: Mudunhu reSeti, zvikamu zvakabatana zvakatevedzana kuitira kuti magetsi akafanana ayerere nepakati pechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Voltage yese ihuwandu hwemagetsi pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Dunhu reSeti rinoshandiswa mukushandiswa uko kunodiwa kugoverwa kwakaenzana kwemagetsi.
2. Parallel Circuit: Muparallel circuit, zvikamu zvakabatana kuitira kuti voltage yakafanana ishandiswe kune chimwe nechimwe chikamu. Huwandu hwemagetsi ese ndiwo huwandu hwemagetsi kuburikidza nechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Parallel circuits dzinoshandiswa mumashandisirwo apo kugoverwa kwemagetsi kwakaenzana kunodiwa.
3. Dunhu reMusanganiswa: Dunhu reMusanganiswa musanganiswa wematunhu akatevedzana neakafanana. Mudunhu iri, zvimwe zvikamu zvakabatana mumutsara, uye boka racho rakabatana mumutsara, kana kuti zvinopesana.
Mashandisirwo Anoshanda Emacircuit Akavharwa
Maseketi akavharwa ane mashandisirwo akawanda anoshanda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mumaindasitiri. Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira:
1. Midziyo Yemumba: Midziyo yakawanda yemumba yakaita semwenje, mahita, matonhodzi, uye midziyo yekicheni inoshandisa macircuit akavharwa kuti ishande.
2. Masisitimu emwenje: Masisitimu emwenje mudzimba, mumahofisi, nemumigwagwa anoshandisa maseketi akavharwa kuti mwenje ivheneke zvakanaka.
3. Sisitimu yeMagetsi eMotokari: Mota dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa maseketi akavharwa kuti dzishandise masisitimu akasiyana-siyana emagetsi, kusanganisira sisitimu yekutanga, mwenje, uye sisitimu yekufambisa ruzivo.
4. Masisitimu Ekudzora Maindasitiri: Muindasitiri, maseketi akavharwa anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekudzora mashandiro emichina, michina yekugadzira, uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza.
Kuyerwa Kwazvino muDunhu Rakavharwa
Kuyera magetsi mudunhu rakavharwa kunoda mudziyo unonzi ammeter. Ammeter inofanira kubatanidzwa zvakatevedzana nechikamu chiri kuyerwa magetsi. Heano matanho ekutanga ekuyera magetsi mudunhu rakavharwa:
1. Dzima simba remuchina: Usati waisa ammeter, iva nechokwadi chekuti simba remuchina radzimwa kudzivirira mapfupi kana kukuvara kwemudziyo nemuchina.
2. Batanidza Ammeter muNhevedzano: Batanidza ammeter munhevedzano nechikamu chaunoda kuyera magetsi aro. Iva nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanaka kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvekuyera.
3. Dzorerai Simba kuCircuit: Kana ammeter yangoiswa zvakanaka, dzorerai simba kuCircuit.
4. Verenga Mhedzisiro Yekuyera: Mhedzisiro yekuyera iripo icharatidzwa pachiratidziro chedigital ammeter kana kuburikidza ne pointer iri paanalog ammeter.
Zvikanganiso uye Kusava Nechokwadi Mukuyera Kwazvino
Kuyerwa kuri kuitwa pari zvino muma closed circuits kunogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera zvikanganiso uye kusava nechokwadi, zvinosanganisira:
1. Kuenzanisa Chishandiso: Ammeter isina kuenzaniswa zvakanaka inogona kupa mhedzisiro yekuyera isina kururama.
2. Kubatana Kusina Kufanira: Kubatana kusina kurongeka kana kusina kukodzera kunogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yekuyera iripo.
3. Kukanganiswa kweMagineti: Kukanganiswa kweMagineti kubva kune zvimwe zvishandiso kunogona kukanganisa kuverenga kweammeter.
4. Kuchinja kweTembiricha: Kuchinja kwetembiricha kunogona kukanganisa kuramba kwezvikamu uye, nekudaro, kuyerera kwemagetsi mudunhu.
Kuti zvikanganiso zvisanyanya kukosha, zvakakosha kushandisa zviyereso zvakagadziriswa zvakanaka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvakabatana zvakanaka, uye kuita zviyero munzvimbo yakakodzera.
Mhedziso
Magetsi ari mudunhu rakavharwa ipfungwa huru mune zvesainzi yemagetsi uye mainjiniya emagetsi. Dunhu rakavharwa rinobvumira magetsi kuti ayerere kubva panobva magetsi kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kudzokera kunobva magetsi. Nheyo yekushanda kwedunhu rakavharwa yakavakirwa pamitemo yaKirchhoff uye inosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emadunhu akadai semadunhu akatevedzana, akaenzana, uye akabatana. Mashandisirwo anoshanda emadunhu akavharwa anosanganisira midziyo yemumba yakasiyana-siyana, masisitimu emwenje, masisitimu emagetsi emotokari, uye masisitimu ekudzora maindasitiri. Kuyera magetsi mudunhu rakavharwa kunoda chishandiso chakadai seammeter, uye zvakakosha kutarisisa zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kunyatsoyera.
Nekunzwisisa pfungwa huru uye mashandisirwo emagetsi emagetsi mu closed circuit, tinogona kugadzira nekuchengetedza masisitimu emagetsi anoshanda zvakanaka uye akachengeteka, pamwe nekukunda matambudziko angamuka mukuyera nemashandisirwo anoshanda.
