Kuchinjana Kwemazuva Ano: Nheyo, Mashandisirwo, uye Mabhenefiti Muhupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva
Pendauluan
Kuchinjana magetsi (AC) ipfungwa huru mumagetsi nemagetsi. Kusiyana nemagetsi akananga (DC), ayo anoyerera nguva dzose achienda kune rimwe divi, magetsi anochinjana anoenda nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinoita kuti AC ive yakakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mukufambisa simba remagetsi pasi rose. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora misimboti yekutanga yekuchinjana magetsi, mashandisirwo ayo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye zvakanakira zvayo kupfuura magetsi akananga.
Nheyo dzeKuchinjana Kwemagetsi
Kuchinjana kwemagetsi kwakatanga kugadzirwa naNikola Tesla mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. AC inoshanda papfungwa yekuti magetsi anogona kuchinja divi nekutevera basa re sinusoidal, iro rinogona kutsanangurwa ne equation iri nyore yemasvomhu. Basa iri rinobvumira magetsi kuti atenderere pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa muchimiro chenguva dzose.
Kutenderera uye Kuwanda
Kutenderera kumwe chete kwekuchinjana kwemagetsi kunosanganisira kuchinja kwemagetsi kubva pazero kuenda pazero kusvika pazero, kudzokera pazero, kusvika pazero, uye kudzokera pazero zvakare. Kuwanda kwekuchinjana kwemagetsi kunoyerwa muHertz (Hz), izvo zvinoratidza huwandu hwemasekonzi pasekondi. Semuenzaniso, munyika dzakawanda, frequency yakajairika yemagetsi ekutengeserana i50 Hz, nepo muUnited States iri 60 Hz.
Kushushikana Kunobudirira
Panyaya yekuchinjana kwemagetsi, voltage inowanzo taurwa nezvayo ivoltage inoshanda (rms - root mean square), inova AC value yakaenzana inogadzira simba rakafanana neDC value. Kukosha uku kwakakosha nekuti kunoratidza kuti magetsi anogona kupa simba rakadii.
Kuchinjana Mashandisirwo Azvino
Kuchinjana kwemagetsi (alternating current) kune mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana akakosha anoita kuti zvive nani kutungamira magetsi mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Kugoverwa kweMagetsi
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvekuchinjana kwemagetsi ndiko kushanda kwayo zvakanaka mukugovera magetsi kure. Kuburikidza nekushandisa matransformer, AC voltage inogona kuwedzerwa kuti ishandise magetsi kure uye yozodzikiswa kuti ishandiswe munharaunda. Izvi zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba panguva yekutumirwa, zvichiita kuti AC ishande zvakanaka uye isingadhuri.
Motokari Listrik
Mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa mumidziyo yakawanda yemumba neyemumaindasitiri dzinowanzoshandisa magetsi anochinja-chinja. Mota dzeAC dziri nyore kudzora uye dzinoshanda zvakanyanya pakushandisa kwakawanda, kubva kumafeni kusvika kumichina mikuru yemumaindasitiri.
Zvishandiso zvemagetsi nemidziyo yepamba
Zvizhinji zvezvishandiso zvemagetsi nemidziyo yemumba yatinoshandisa zuva nezuva, zvakaita sematerevhizheni, makomputa, uye mafiriji, zvakagadzirirwa kushanda nemagetsi anochinja magetsi. Matransformer emukati nevatongi vanoshandura AC kuita DC sezvinodiwa.
Mabhenefiti eAlternating Current
Kuchinjana kwemagetsi kune zvakanakira zvakakosha zvinoita kuti ive yakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo.
Kushanda Kwakanyanya Mukutumira
Sezvambotaurwa, chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvekuchinjana kwemagetsi ndiko kushanda kwayo mukutumira simba kure. Kuburikidza nematransformer, simba remagetsi rinogona kutumirwa pamagetsi akakwira uye pamagetsi akaderera, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwesimba panguva iyi.
Zviri Nyore Kushandisa uye Kudzora
Kushandiswa kwematransformer kunoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa voltage yemagetsi inochinja-chinja. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa, kubva pakushandiswa pamba kusvika kumaindasitiri makuru.
Kuchengetedzwa Kuri Nani
Kunyange hazvo magetsi akawandisa achigona kuva nengozi, magetsi anochinja-chinja anowanzoonekwa seakachengeteka mune dzimwe nzvimbo nekuti mashandiro awo anobvumira kushandiswa zvakanaka kwemafuse nemacircuit breakers. Midziyo iyi inogona kukanganisa magetsi nekukurumidza kana paine short circuit kana overload, zvichideredza njodzi yemoto kana kukuvara kwemidziyo.
Kuenzanisa neDirect Current
Kunyange zvazvo kuchinjana kwemagetsi (alternating current) kune zvakanakira zvakawanda, direct current inewo mabasa akakosha uye mashandisirwo azvo. Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zve direct current kugona kwayo kuchengetedza simba, senge mumabhatiri nemasero ezuva.
Mabhenefiti eDirect Current
Direct current yakagadzikana uye iri nyore kushandisa mumapurogiramu anoda voltage inogara iripo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinoda simba rakagadzikana, zvakaita semakombiyuta uye masisitimu emwenje e LED.
Zvipingamupinyi muKutumira
Zvisinei, direct current haishande zvakanaka mukutumira magetsi kure nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwesimba zvakanyanya. Kusati kwasvika tekinoroji yekushandura magetsi inoshanda, DC yakanga isingashande pakugovera magetsi munzvimbo huru dzemagetsi.
Tekinoroji yeKushandura Yazvino
Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kushandura pakati peAC neDC kwave nyore uye kunoshanda zvakanyanya. MaInverters nemaRectifiers zvishandiso zvinoshandura alternating current kuita direct current (DC). Iyi tekinoroji inobvumira kubatanidzwa kuri nani pakati pemasystem anoshandisa AC neaya anoda DC.
Inverter
Inverter inoshandura magetsi akananga kubva kunobva bhatiri kuita magetsi anochinja-chinja. Izvi zvakakosha kumashandisirwo akaita semagetsi ezuva, uko simba reDC rinogadzirwa nemapaneru ezuva rinofanira kushandurwa kuita AC kuti rishandiswe nemidziyo yemumba.
Gadzirisa
Muchina unogadzirisa magetsi unoshandura magetsi anochinja magetsi kuita magetsi akananga. Unoshandiswa mumidziyo yakawanda yemagetsi uko kushandurwa kubva kumagetsi makuru kuenda kuDC kunodiwa kuti zvikamu zvemukati zvishande.
Mhedziso
Kuchinjana magetsi ndiwo musimboti wemasisitimu emagetsi emazuva ano. Kushanda kwayo zvakanaka mukufambisa magetsi, kushanduka-shanduka pakushandiswa, uye nyore kudzora kunoita kuti ive sarudzo inofarirwa kune akawanda mashandisirwo. Kunyange zvazvo direct current ichiitawo basa rakakosha, kunyanya mukuchengetedza simba uye mashandisirwo emagetsi anonyanya kunzwisisika, kuchinjana magetsi kunoramba kuri mhinduro huru yekupararira kwesimba uye kushandiswa kwaro. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuitwa tekinoroji yekushandura simba, kusanganiswa kweAC neDC kunoita kuti pave nekubatanidzwa kuri nani uye kushandiswa kwesimba zvine hungwaru mune ramangwana.
