Rococo Architectural Style uye Hunhu Hwayo
Maitiro ekugadzira eRococo ndeimwe yemhando dzinozivikanwa dzeunyanzvi nekugadzira, inozivikanwa nekunaka kwayo, humbozha, uye kushongedza. Rococo yakatanga muEurope kutanga kwezana remakore rechi18, kunyanya muFrance, senzira yekuenderera mberi kweBaroque yakakura uye inonakidza. Kunyange zvazvo Baroque yaizivikanwa nehukuru hwayo, kusiyana kwakasimba, uye mamiriro ekunze makuru, Rococo yakaenda kune maitiro akareruka, akapfava, epedyo, uye ekushongedza zvakanyanya. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora mavambo eRococo, mamiriro ayo akabuda, uye hunhu hukuru hunotsanangura maitiro aya ekugadzira.
Mavambo uye Nhoroondo yeRococo
Izwi rekuti "Rococo" rinobva pamashoko echiFrench ekuti rocaille (dombo/goko rekushongedza rinoshandiswa mukushongedza bindu) uye coquille (goko). Izwi iri rinoreva chimiro cheRococo chakasiyana, chinowanzova nemagoko, mipumburu, uye makona eorganic. Rococo yakatanga mushure mekutonga kwaLouis XIV muFrance, apo nzanga yehumambo yakatanga kusiya mamiriro epamutemo uye akaomarara edare reVersailles. Vaida nzvimbo dzakagadzikana, dzepachivande dzakakodzera kuungana kwevanhu, mimhanzi, hurukuro, uye varaidzo.
Munguva iyi, hunyanzvi hwakanga husisiri chiratidzo chesimba rehurumende chete, asiwo hwaiva nzira yekuratidza kunakidzwa kwehupenyu, runako, uye kuravira kwevanhu vepamusoro. Izvi zvakakanganisa zvikuru magadzirirwo ezvivakwa uye dhizaini yemukati. Zvivako zvakawanda zveRococo zvinosiyaniswa nemukati mazvo: makamuri ekudhirowa, masalon, mahoro madiki, uye machechi, akashongedzwa neruzivo rwakanyanya, rwakanaka, uye runofadza maziso.
Kusiyana Pakati peRococo neBaroque
Kuti unzwisise Rococo, zvakakosha kuienzanisa neyaimboitangira, Baroque. Baroque yaiwanzova inonakidza, yakaenzana, uye yakakura. Mutambo wechiedza nerima, makoramu makuru, madhomu makuru, uye mimhanzi inorema inowanzo kuwanikwa muzvivakwa zveBaroque. Rococo yakaramba iine hupfumi asi yakatsiva huremu ihwohwo nekupfava. Panzvimbo pekusimbisa simba nehukuru, Rococo yakasimbisa runako rwekushongedza, nyaradzo, uye mamiriro ekunze akasununguka.
Kazhinji, kunze kwezvivakwa zveRococo kwakanga kusina kusiyana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekare. Zvisinei, mukati mazvo makava nzvimbo huru yekuedza: madziro, denga, mapuranga, mifananidzo, mifananidzo, uye fenicha zvakabatana kuita musanganiswa wakabatana.
Hunhu Hukuru hweRococo Architecture
Izvi zvinotevera ndizvo zvinhu zvinowanzoonekwa muRococo architecture style, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemukati.
1. Zvishongo Zvakapfuma uye Ruzivo rweKushongedza
Chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nezveRococo ndiko kushongedzwa kwayo kwakawanda. Zvishongo hazvingoshandi sekushongedza chete asiwo sechiratidzo chikuru chenzvimbo. Matombo akadai semagoko, mashizha eacanthus, maruva, ribhoni, mipumburu, uye maumbirwo asina kuenzana anowanzo shongedza makona emadziro, mafuremu egirazi, mipendero yedenga, uye kunyange nzvimbo dzinosangana makoramu nemadziro.
Kushongedzwa kweRococo kunonzwa "kuchiri" nekuti maumbirwo ayo haana kuomarara. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa kuti zviite sezviri kufamba uye kuyerera. Matombo eplaster (stucco) anowanzo kuvezwa zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti ave akapfava uye akadzika kana chiedza chaarova.
2. Chiratidzo chakareruka, chakapfava uye chakanaka
Rococo yaidzivisa kunzwa sekurema kukuru. Kuwanda kwenzvimbo kwaiwanzova kwepedyo uye kugamuchirwa, pane kudzvinyirira kana kutyisidzira. Kunyangwe kushongedzwa kwakawanda kwaisaita kuti imba inzwe yakazara, sezvo yaisanganiswa nemavara akajeka uye chiedza chakanaka.
Maumbirwo akakombama nemitsetse yakatenderera zvinotonga pamusoro pemitsetse yakapfava, yakatwasuka. Izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro ekunze akapfava uye akanaka, sekunge nzvimbo yacho yakagadzirirwa kunyaradzwa nerunako, kwete kuratidza simba.
3. Kusawirirana seChinhu Chinoyevedza
Kunyange hazvo magadzirirwo ekare neeBaroque achisimbisa kuenzana, Rococo inozivikanwa nekuenzana kwayo. Magadzirirwo ekushongedza anowanzoiswa zvisina kuenzana kuruboshwe nerudyi. Zvisinei, kusaenzana uku kunoramba kwakabatana nekuda kwekurongeka kwayo kwakanyatsonaka. Kuenzana kunoita kuti nzvimbo inzwe seyakasikwa uye ine simba, zvichiratidza kufemerwa kwemhando dzechisikigo.
4. Kushandisa Mavara ePastel neGoridhe
Ruvara rweRococo runowanzova rwakapfava: ivory, kirimu, bhuruu rakapfava, mint green, pink yakapfava, uye lavender. Mavara aya epastel anogadzira kutaridzika kwakajeka uye kwakanatswa. Kuti uwedzere kutaridzika kweumbozha, goridhe (gilding) rinowanzo shandiswa pamafuremu, mareli, ma profiles ekuumba, uye mamwe maficha. Kusanganiswa kwepastel negoridhe kunoita kuti pave nerudo asi rwevanhu vakapfuma.
5. Kubatanidzwa kweUnyanzvi Hwakanaka muUvaki
Rococo haisiyaniswi nemifananidzo yekushongedza nemifananidzo. Denga raiwanzopendwa nemisoro yengano, zvirevo, kana mifananidzo yekudenga ine makore nemifananidzo yekare. Mifananidzo iyi yaiwanzoitwa sekunge yakabatanidzwa nestucco, zvichiita kuti pasave nemiganhu pakati pezvivakwa neunyanzvi hwakanaka.
Magirazi makuru chinhu chakakoshawo. Kunze kwekugadzira pfungwa yenzvimbo, magirazi anoratidza chiedza, zvichiita kuti mukati munzwe kupenya uye kupenya zvakanyanya. Magirazi anowanzo shongedzwa nemifananidzo yakaoma, ichibatanidzwa nemadziro.
6. Kutarisisa Kwakasimba Mukati (Rococo Interior)
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti Rococo yakasvika padanho rayo repamusoro mukugadzirwa kwemukati. Nzvimbo dzakadai semasalon, makamuri emimhanzi, uye makamuri madiki ekugamuchira vaenzi dzakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru. Mapanera emadziro akavezwa emapuranga, magonhi akashongedzwa, nzvimbo dzemoto dzinoshongedza, machandelier ekristaro, uye fenicha ine makumbo akakombama zvese zvakabatanidzwa kugadzira runako rwakabatana.
Nekuda kwekutarisa kwayo pamabasa evanhu vane hunyanzvi, mukati meRococo makagadzirwa kuti pave nemhepo inofadza uye yepedyo. Nzvimbo dzacho hadzina kufanira kunge dzakakura; chaikosha kwaive kutaridzika zvakanaka uye kunyaradzwa.
7. Mafungiro Echisikigo Nemadingindira Erudo
Kuda kwaRococo zvakasikwa kunoonekwa mumaruva ayo, mizambiringa yemiti, shiri, nezvimwe zvisikwa. Kusiyana neBaroque, iyo yaiwanzogamuchira misoro yechitendero kana yeugamba, Rococo yaiwanzogamuchira misoro yakareruka: rudo, kutamba, mimhanzi, uye mufaro wehupenyu. Mumamiriro ekuvaka, misoro iyi yakabuda kuburikidza nekusarudza zvishongo nemifananidzo zvairatidza mamiriro "emufaro" uye asina kurongeka zvakanyanya.
Kupararira kweRococo muEurope
Kunyange zvazvo yakadzika midzi muFrance, Rococo yakapararira kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeEurope, kusanganisira Germany, Austria, Italy, uye kunyange Russia. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, Rococo yakabatana netsika dzemuno. Semuenzaniso, muGermany neAustria, Rococo yaive yakakurumbira mumachechi nemamongi, ine mukati mayo makapfuma zvikuru, yakazara nestucco chena negoridhe, uye mifananidzo yedenga inoshamisa asi yakareruka.
Panguva iyi, muFrance pachayo, Rococo yaiwanzoonekwa mumahotera (dzimba dzemumaguta ane mukurumbira) nemasalon avo ane mukurumbira. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti Rococo yakanga isiri yekushongedza chete, asiwo chirevo chetsika nezvezvinonaka, kunyaradzwa, uye runako rwevapfumi vepanguva iyoyo.
Nhaka yaRococo uye Simba Rake
Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, Rococo yakatanga kuonekwa se "yakanyanya" nevamwe. Kukura kweNeoclassicism kwakadzosa mweya wekurongeka, nyore, uye kufemerwa kwevaGiriki nevaRoma. Zvisinei, nhaka yeRococo yakaramba iripo. Zvivako zvakawanda zveRococo ikozvino zvava nzvimbo dzevashanyi uye zvidzidzo zvakakosha munhoroondo yezvivakwa nekugadzira mukati.
Mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano, zvinhu zveRococo dzimwe nguva zvinobuda sechinopa mazano—semuenzaniso, mukushandiswa kwezvishongo, mavara epastel, magirazi makuru, kana magirazi egoridhe—kunyange zvazvo zvichiwanzoshandiswa zvishoma kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano. Rococo yakadzidzisa kuti kuvaka hakusi kungoenderana nechimiro chete, asiwo nezvechiitiko chekuona nemanzwiro mukati menzvimbo.
Mhedziso
Maitiro ekuvaka eRococo chiratidzo chekunaka uye hupfumi, anoratidzwa kuburikidza nekushongedza kwakapfuma, mavara epastel, magadzirirwo egoridhe, maumbirwo akakombama, uye katsika kekusaenzana. Yakabva pakudiwa kwetsika nemagariro evanhu muzana remakore rechi18: nzvimbo yepedyo, yakasununguka, uye inofadza runako kupfuura runako rweBaroque. Nekutarisa kwakasimba mukati, Rococo yakachinja zvivakwa kuita nhanho yakabatana yeunyanzvi hwekushongedza - kusanganisa kuveza, stucco, kupenda, magirazi, nechiedza mukubatana kwakanaka. Nanhasi, Rococo ichiri kurangarirwa seimwe yemhando dzekushongedza uye dzerudo munhoroondo yezvivakwa zveEurope.
