Kushandiswa kweGIS Technology muArchaeology
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwave nemhedzisiro yakakura paminda yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvekuchera matongo. Imwe yekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yakadaro yakakanganisa zvikuru iGeographic Information System (GIS). GIS sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kubata, kuchengeta, kuongorora, uye kuratidza data rine chekuita nenzvimbo dziri pamusoro pePasi. Munyaya yezvekuchera matongo, GIS ine mukana wekushandura nzira iyo vaongorori vanoziva, vanoongorora, uye vanoona nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo pasi rese.
GIS: Kuunza Chimurenga muNzira dzekuchera matongo
Chekutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha, GIS inobvumira vanochera matongo kuti vatarisire nekuongorora data renzvimbo pachiyero chakaderedzwa. Data renzvimbo, kusanganisira mamepu ekare, mifananidzo yesatellite, uye ongororo dzemumunda, zvinogona kubatanidzwa mupuratifomu imwe chete, zvichiita kuti pave neongororo yakadzama uye yakarurama. Kuburikidza neGIS, vanochera matongo vanogona kuona mapatani enzvimbo nemafambiro angave asina kuonekwa.
Muenzaniso mumwe unokosha wekushandiswa kweGIS mukuchera matongo ndewekuongorora kugoverwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchera matongo. Nekushandisa hunyanzvi hweGIS hwekugadzira mapu nekuongorora nzvimbo, vanochera matongo vanogona kuona maitiro ekugoverwa kwenzvimbo idzi mukati medunhu. Semuenzaniso, kugoverwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dzevanhu vekare kana nzvimbo dzekuvigwa dzekare kunogona kuoneka zvakajeka, zvichipa nzwisiso yetsika, kufamba, uye kubatana kwenharaunda dzekare.
Tsvagiridzo Inoshanda Zvakanyanya neGIS
GIS yakaratidzwawo kuti inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka mubasa rekuchera matongo. Vachishandisa GIS, vaongorori vanogona kuronga zviri nani ongororo dzemumunda. Vanogona kuona nzvimbo dzine mukana mukuru wekuchera matongo zvichibva padata rekare renzvimbo uye mamodheru ekufanotaura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zviwanikwa zvinogona kugoverwa zviri nani, kudzivirira mabasa akafanana kana ongororo munzvimbo dzisingakwanise kuwana zviwanikwa zvakakosha.
Muenzaniso wekushandiswa kwayo unogona kuonekwa muongororo dzekuchera matongo muIjipita. Kugadzira mepu yeGIS yeMupata weMadzimambo uchishandisa tekinoroji iyi kwakabatsira masayendisiti kuona nzvimbo dzisina kucherwa zviri nani, zvichichengetedza nguva nemari, uye kunanga nzvimbo dzine mukana wepamusoro wekuchera matongo.
Kuchengetedzwa uye Kutarisirwa kweNzvimbo dzeMatongo
Pamusoro pekutsvagisa nekutsvaga, GIS inoshandiswawo mukuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekare. Nekuronga kwayo mepu nekutevera, GIS inobatsira kuchengetedza nzvimbo kuburikidza nekutarisa nguva dzose. Ruzivo rwunoburitswa neGIS runogonesa vatariri venzvimbo kuita sarudzo dziri nani maererano nekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa.
Semuenzaniso, muPompeii, Italy, GIS inoshandiswa kutarisa shanduko panzvimbo dzekuchera matongo dzinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekukukurwa kwevhu uye kuparadzwa kwezvinhu. Kutarisa uku kunobvumira mapoka ekuchengetedza kuti akurumidze kupindura chero kukuvara uye kuronga mabasa ekuchengetedza nguva dzose kuchengetedza hutano hwenzvimbo yacho.
Kuongorora Nzvimbo Yenhoroondo neGIS
Zvakawanikwa zvakakosha mukuchera matongo zvakawanikwa kuburikidza nekuongorora nzvimbo dzenhoroondo vachishandisa GIS. Nekugona kufukidza mamepu, vanochera matongo vanogona kusanganisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemamepu nedata renhoroondo kuti vawane mufananidzo wakazara wenzvimbo munguva yakatarwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira shanduko mukushandiswa kwenyika, nzira dzekutengeserana dzekare, uye miganhu yezvematongerwo enyika kana yetsika munguva yakatarwa.
Semuenzaniso, muMesoamerica, GIS yakashandiswa kugadzira mepu nekuongorora maguta eMayan. Nekubatanidza mamepu enzvimbo, ruzivo rwezvakacherwa mumatongo, uye mabhuku enhoroondo, vaongorori vanogona kuwana network dzemigwagwa yekare dzaisazivikanwa kare, maitiro ekuronga maguta, uye kudyidzana pakati penzvimbo.
Kuenzanisa uye Kuenzanisa muArchaeology
Kuenzanisa nzvimbo uye kutevedzera zviri pakati pemashandisirwo epamusoro eGIS mukuchera matongo. Kuburikidza ne3D modeling, vanochera matongo vanogona kutevedzera nzvimbo dzekare, vachigadzira mamodheru ekuti chivako kana nzvimbo ingadai yakaita sei kare. Iyi tekinoroji inobvumira kugadziriswa patsva kwenzvimbo dzakakuvara kana dzakarasika, zvichipa vashanyi nemasayendisiti maonero akajeka enhoroondo netsika zvine chekuita nenzvimbo idzodzo.
Imwe nzira inonakidza yekushandisa GIS simulation uye modelling iri muguta rekare rePetra, Jordan. Vachishandisa GIS, vanochera matongo vanogona kuvakazve nzvimbo iyi, vachiratidza zvivakwa nenzvimbo zvakaita sekunge zvadzorerwa kukubwinya kwazvo. Maitiro aya haangopfumisi tsvakurudzo chete asiwo anoshanda sechishandiso chekudzidzisa cheveruzhinji.
Kubatanidza Data reArchaeological neGIS
Kubatanidza ruzivo rwezvakacherwa mumatongo neGIS kunowanzo sanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzeruzivo—kubva pane zvinyorwa zvega zvega kusvika kune tsananguro dzakadzama dzenzvimbo nemamepu. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuisa mamepu ekare mudhijitari, kuisa data renzvimbo, uye kubatanidza zvikamu zveruzivo. Mugumisiro wacho idhatabhesi yakazara inoita kuti pave nekuferefeta kwakawanda uye kuwanikwa kutsva.
Semuenzaniso, munharaunda yeAndes kuSouth America, GIS iri kushandiswa kugadzira mapu enzira dzeInca dzakareba zviuru zvemakiromita. Data kubva muongororo dzemumunda, mifananidzo yesatellite, uye mamepu ekare zvinosanganiswa kugadzira mamepu anoratidza network yakakura yekufambisa, ichiratidza kwete nzira chete asiwo nzvimbo dzekuzorora nenzvimbo dzekutonga.
Matambudziko Eramangwana Netariro
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvayo, kushandiswa kweGIS mukuchera matongo kunewo matambudziko. Chimwe cheizvi kudiwa kwedata remhando yepamusoro. Kuunganidza, kugadzirisa, uye kuchengetedza data renzvimbo kunogona kudhura uye kutora nguva. Uyezve, vashandisi veGIS mukuchera matongo vanoda kudzidziswa kwakakosha kuti vashandise software iyi yakaoma uye kududzira data nemazvo.
Zvisinei, mikana yekushandisa tekinoroji yeGIS mukuchera matongo ine tariro huru. Nekufambira mberi mukuona kure, madrone, uye huchenjeri hwekugadzira, GIS haingovi chishandiso chine simba chete asiwo ichava nyore kuwanikwa munharaunda yakakura yekuchera matongo.
Mune ramangwana, kushandira pamwe pakati pezvidzidzo zvekuchera matongo, geography, computer science, uye information technology kuchawedzera kukosha. Kushandira pamwe uku kunotarisirwa kuwedzera mukana weGIS mukudzidza zvakadzama nyaya dzekare dzevanhu uye kuchengetedza nhaka yetsika dzevanhu kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mukupedzisa, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeGIS mukuchera matongo hakusi kungogadzira nzira itsva chete asiwo kushanduka-shanduka kukuru kunopa maonero matsva pakutarisira, kuongorora, uye kududzira nhaka yenhoroondo. GIS inogonesa vanochera matongo kunzwisisa zvakawanda nezvenguva yedu yakapfuura nenzira inoshanda, yakarurama, uye inoshanda.
