Zvekuchera Matongo muSoutheast Asia uye Zvakawanikwa Zvakakosha
Southeast Asia inzvimbo ine nhoroondo yakapfuma uye yakaoma. Tsika dzakawanda dzekare netsika dzakabudirira munzvimbo iyi, dzichisiya zvinhu zvekare, matemberi, zvakanyorwa, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo dzakakosha pakunzwisisa nhoroondo yevanhu. Kuchera matongo muSoutheast Asia kwakawana zvinhu zvakawanda zvakachinja kunzwisisa kwedu nhoroondo yenzvimbo iyi.
Kubudirira Kwekuchera Matongo muSoutheast Asia
Zvekuchera matongo muSoutheast Asia zvakatanga kutariswa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kunyanya nekusvika kwevaongorori vekuEurope. Muenzaniso mumwe ndewekuwanikwa kweTemberi yeBorobudur muIndonesia naSir Thomas Stamford Raffles muna 1814. Panguva iyi, muThailand, nyaya dzezvekuchera matongo dzakatanga kutsvagwa zvakanyanya pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekuwanikwa kwezvinyorwa zvekare zvakasiyana-siyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakazozivikanwa sezvisaririra zvehunhu hweDvaravati.
Kubudirira kwezvekuchera matongo muSoutheast Asia kwakazowedzera muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20, nekubatanidzwa kwevanochera matongo vemunharaunda vachibatanidza nzira dzemazuva ano dzekutsvagisa neruzivo rwechinyakare. Masangano akati wandei ekutsvagisa matongo akatangwa munyika dzakasiyana dzeSoutheast Asia uye achiri kuita tsvakurudzo nekuchera kuti awane nhoroondo yenzvimbo iyi zvakadzama.
Zvakawanikwa Zvakakosha Munyika Dzakati wandei
Indonezhiya
1. Tembere yeBorobudur:
Tembere yeBorobudur, iri muMagelang, Central Java, itemberi yechiBuddha inotangira muzana remakore rechi8 nerechi9 uye imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzetsika muIndonesia. Mifananidzo yayo yakadzama inotaura nyaya dzehupenyu hwaBuddha uye inoratidza ruzivo rwakakura nezvehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu nehwechitendero hwepanguva iyoyo.
2. Nzvimbo yeSangiran:
Nzvimbo yeSangiran, iri muCentral Java, ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzepaleoanthropology pasi rose. Zvakawanikwa kuSangiran zvinosanganisira Homo erectus fossils, izvo zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu. Nzvimbo iyi inowedzerawo kunzwisisa kwedu nharaunda dzekare uye kudyidzana kwevanhu nezvisikwa zvakavapoteredza.
Tairendi
1. Ban Chiang:
Ban Chiang, nzvimbo inokosha yekuchera matongo muUdon Thani Province, Thailand, inozivikanwa nekugadzira zviumbwa zvesimbi zveBronze Age. Zvakawanikwa paBan Chiang zvakachinja maonero esainzi akawanda nezvekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekare muSoutheast Asia uye kudyidzana kwevanhu munharaunda panguva iyoyo.
2. Sukhothai:
Seguta guru rekutanga reUmambo hweSukhothai, nzvimbo yeSukhothai, iyo yava kuzivikanwa seUNESCO World Heritage Site, yakazara nematongo etemberi, zvifananidzo zveBuddha, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Sukhothai inopa ruzivo rwakakura nezvekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi, tsika, uye chitendero muThailand muzana remakore rechi13 kusvika rechi15.
Kamboja
1. Angkor Wat:
Angkor Wat muSim Reap ndeimwe yematemberi makuru uye anozivikanwa zvikuru pasi rose. Yakavakwa naMambo Suryavarman II muzana remakore rechi12, Angkor Wat ibasa guru rekuvaka reKhmer, rine ruzivo rwetsika dzechiHindu nechitendero mukati menhoroondo yeCambodia. Kuwanikwa kwakawedzerwa uye kutsvagurudza muAngkor Wat kwakavandudza kunzwisisa kwedu zvematongerwo enyika, hupfumi, uye zvekunamata zveCambodia munguva iyi.
2. Temberi yePreah Vihear:
Temberi iyi, iri pamuganhu uri pakati peCambodia neThailand, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi11 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi12. Preah Vihear anopa ruzivo rwakakosha maererano nekuvaka kweKhmer uye anoshanda senzvimbo inokosha yekutarisa kupararira kwechiHindu muSoutheast Asia.
Vietnam
1. Dong Mwanakomana:
Nzvimbo iyi inozivikanwa nezvinhu zvayo zvebronze, kusanganisira ngoma dzebronze dzakakurumbira, dzaive zviratidzo zvechinzvimbo munharaunda. Zvakawanikwa paDong Son zvinoratidza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwesimbi munzvimbo iyi uye basa guru rakaitwa neVietnam mukutengeserana kwegungwa muSoutheast Asia.
2. Mwanakomana wangu:
My Son inzvimbo yetemberi yechiHindu inotangira muChampa. Iri muQuang Nam, Vietnam, nzvimbo iyi inopa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pesimba reHinduism muSoutheast Asia, pamwe nekuvaka kwakasiyana uye hunyanzvi hweChampa.
Philippines
1. Chirongo cheManunggul:
Kuwanikwa uku ihari yekuviga yakawanikwa muManunggul Cave, Palawan. Ichiratidza vanhu vaviri vari kukwasva chikepe, hari iyi inopa humbowo hwakakosha hwetsika dzekuviga dzekare uye zvitendero zvekunamata muPhilippines.
2. Zvitsuwa zveMasbate:
Nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo muMasbate Islands dzakapfuma nezvinhu zvemazuva ano zvinopa ruzivo nezvehupenyu hwevanhu, tsika dzechitendero, uye tekinoroji yevanhu vemuPhilippines vasati vadzorwa nekoloni.
Kupesvedzera Kwezvakawanikwa Zvekuchera Matongo Pakunzwisisa Nhoroondo Netsika
Zvakawanikwa izvi zvekuchera matongo zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwekare, zvinosanganisira marongerwo emagariro evanhu, zvitendero zvechitendero, tekinoroji, uye kudyidzana pakati penharaunda. Zvinobatsira kupindura mibvunzo nezvekwakabva nharaunda, kukura kwetsika, uye kutama nekutengeserana pakati penzvimbo.
Hupfumi neKutengeserana
Zvakawanikwa zvakaita sezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi paBan Chiang kana madhiramu ebhuronzi paDong Son zvinoratidza kuti paive nemakambani akawanda ekutengeserana muSoutheast Asia kubvira kare. Zvinhu izvi zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vemudunhu iri vaisagara vari vega, asi vaibatanidzwa mukutsinhana zvinhu nepfungwa nedzimwe nharaunda muAsia nekune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Maitiro Ekutenda uye Zvemweya
Kuwanikwa kwematemberi, zvinyorwa, uye zvinhu zvechitendero zvakaita sezviri kuBorobudur, Angkor Wat, uye My Son kunopa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pezvitendero uye zvekunamata zvevanhu vekare vekuSoutheast Asia. Semuenzaniso, tsika dzechiHindu nedzechiBuddha dzakapesvedzera zvikuru uye dzakasiya zviratidzo zvichiri kuonekwa nanhasi, muzvivakwa zvikuru uye mutsika dzechitendero dzezuva nezuva.
Tekinoroji neUnyanzvi
Nzvimbo nezvinhu zvakawanikwa kuSoutheast Asia zvinoratidza tekinoroji nehunyanzvi hwakabudirira zvikuru. Chirongo cheManunggul chinobva kuPhilippines, ngoma yebhuronzi yakabva kuDong Son, uye zvifananidzo zvakavezwa zvakanaka kuSukhothai neBorobudur zvinoratidza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwehunyanzvi nehunyanzvi. Kutsvaga uku kunoratidzawo ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzira simbi, kurima, uye kuvaka.
Kubatanidzwa Kwenharaunda Yemunharaunda
Chinhu chakakosha pakukura kwezvinocherwa mumatongo ndezvekubatanidzwa kwenharaunda dzemunharaunda mukutsvaga nekuchengetedza nhaka yetsika. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete kuchengetedza zvinhu zvekare nenzvimbo asiwo zvinosimbisa hunhu hwetsika nenhoroondo dzenharaunda idzi.
Mhedziso
Kuchera matongo muSoutheast Asia kwakawana zvinhu zvakawanda zvakawanikwa zvinovandudza kunzwisisa kwedu nhoroondo yenzvimbo iyi. Kubva kuBorobudur muIndonesia kusvika kuAngkor Wat muCambodia, uye Ban Chiang muThailand naDong Son muVietnam, chimwe nechimwe chakawanikwa chinowedzera rumwe rutivi kunhoroondo yakaoma netsika dzeSoutheast Asia. Tsvagiridzo yezvekuchera matongo haingotibatsiri kunzwisisa zvakapfuura chete asiwo inopa mamiriro ekuongorora hunhu nekukura kwetsika nemagariro evanhu vemazuva ano. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvakakosha kusainzi netsika dzepasi rose, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese nedzemunharaunda mukuchera matongo.
