Mashandisirwo eMafungu eChiedza
Mafungu echiedza, sezvatinoaziva, chikamu chemagetsi anopenya anotibvumira kuona nyika yakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, basa rechiedza muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva netekinoroji rinopfuura kungopa chiedza chete. Mashandisirwo emafungu echiedza anosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakutaurirana nehutano kusvika pakugadzirwa kwesimba uye kunyange tekinoroji yeruzivo. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mashandisirwo aya uye kuti anoumba sei nyika yemazuva ano.
1. Kutaurirana Kwemaziso
Imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekushandisa mafungu echiedza ndeyekutaurirana kwemaziso. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandisa chiedza kutumira ruzivo kuburikidza nemagetsi emaziso. Zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzekutaurirana dzakavakirwa pamhangura-tambo, masisitimu ekutaurirana emagetsi emagetsi anopa bandwidth yakakura zvakanyanya uye mwero wedata wakakwira, pamwe nekurasikirwa kushoma kwekutumira.
Fiber yemaziso yave musimboti wezvivakwa zveinternet pasi rose. Mafungu echiedza anotungamirirwa nefiber yemaziso anogonesa kutapurirana kwemashoko akawanda nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira. Iyi ndiyo hwaro hwekutaurirana paindaneti, terevhizheni yedhijitari, uye nhare dzemazuva ano. Pasina kutaurirana kwemaziso, kumhanya uye kukura kweinternet yatinofarira nhasi kungave kusipo.
2. Tekinoroji yeLaser
MaLaser, kana kuti Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, ndeimwe yezvakawanikwa zvakakosha zvine chekuita nemafungu echiedza. MaLaser anogadzira chiedza chakabatana uye ane mashandisirwo akawanda anoshanda. Mukurapa, maLaser anoshandiswa mukuvhiya senge LASIK yekugadzirisa kuona uye kuvhiya runako.
Pamusoro pezvo, ma laser ane mashandisirwo akakosha muindasitiri yekugadzira, akadai sekushongedza, kucheka, uye kugadzirisa zvinhu. Musainzi yekuyera, ma laser anoshandiswa mu lidar (kuona chiedza uye kurangidza) kuronga mamiriro epasi uye kutungamira mota dzinozvishandira. Kushandiswa kwema lasers mukudhinda kwe3D kunovhurawo mikana mitsva yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakaoma zvikuru.
3. Mwenje uye Kuratidzwa
Mafungu echiedza ndiwo musimboti wetekinoroji yekuratidza nemwenje. Kubva pazviratidziro zve LED mumafoni nematerevhizheni kusvika kumwenje we LED usingashandise simba zvakanyanya, chiedza chinoshandurwa uye chinogadziriswa kuti chisangane nezvinodiwa zvedu zvekuona. Tekinoroji yeOLED (organic light-emitting diode) inoita kuti zviratidziro zvitete uye zvisashandise simba zvakanyanya kupfuura tekinoroji yeLCD yechinyakare.
Muchikamu chemwenje, zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita semwenje wakangwara zvinoita kuti chiedza chidzorwe nenzira yakasarudzika uye inoshanda, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi uye manzwiro ake. Uyezve, nekushandisa magirazi akasiyana-siyana emwenje, matekinoroji matsva emwenje anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano, akadai sematambudziko ekurara uye matambudziko emwaka, ayo anokonzerwa nekusawana chiedza chakakodzera.
4. Photovoltaic
Simba rinodzokororwa riri kuramba richikosha mukuedza kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta epasi. Imwe yemhando dzinozivikanwa zvikuru ndeye photovoltaic solar panels, iyo inoshandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi ichishandisa photovoltaic effect. Kudiwa kwesimba iri rakachena kwakakurudzira kutsvagurudza nekuvandudza kuvandudza mashandiro uye kuderedza mari yekugadzira ma solar panels.
Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwe photovoltaic kwakaita kuti pave nekuiswa kwezvinhu pazviyero zvidiki nezvikuru, kubva padenga remba kusvika kumapurazi ezuva erenje. Uyu muenzaniso mukuru wekuti mafungu echiedza anogona sei kuva chinhu chinochengetedza simba redu remangwana.
5. Mishonga neBiotechnology
Mukurapa, mafungu echiedza anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekuongorora nekurapa. Imwe yehunyanzvi hunozivikanwa zvikuru ndeye magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), iyo inoshandisa mafungu eredhiyo nemagineti kuona mukati memuviri wemunhu pasina kuvhiyiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nzira dzekurapa, dzakadai se endoscopy, dzinoshandisa fiber optics kuona nhengo dzemukati.
Biotechnology inoshandisawo mafungu echiedza mu microscopy ine resolution yepamusoro, zvichibvumira masayendisiti kuona masero nemamorekuru pazviyero zvidiki zvikuru. Matekiniki akadai se fluorescence microscopy anobvumira vaongorori kuona nekudzidza mapuroteni chaiwo mukati memasero, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvemaitiro ehupenyu uye maitiro ezvirwere.
6. Mifananidzo Yakabatanidzwa
Nzvimbo iri kukura nekukurumidza ndeye photonics dzakabatanidzwa, uko mafungu echiedza anoshandiswa kwete sekutakura ruzivo chete asiwo kugadzirisa ruzivo. Uku kuchinja kwakafanana nekuchinja kwemagetsi kwakabatanidzwa kwakatanga makumi emakore apfuura. Kushandiswa kwe photonics dzakabatanidzwa kunovimbisa kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi pamidziyo yetekinoroji yeruzivo.
Machipisi ePhotonic anogona kugadzirisa data nekukurumidza kupfuura machipisi emagetsi uye nekugadzirwa kwekupisa kushoma. Izvi zvakakosha pakuwedzera kumhanya kwekombuta uye zvivakwa zvekugadzirisa data zvakakura zvinodiwa netekinoroji dzakadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira uye internet yezvinhu (IoT).
7. Sainzi neKutsvagisa
Munyaya yesainzi, kushandiswa kwemafungu echiedza kwakakosha pakutsvaga kwekutanga uye kwakaitwa. Zvishandiso zvakaita se spectrophotometers, ma electron microscopes, nezvimwe zvishandiso zve optical zvinogonesa kuwanikwa kutsva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji itsva dzekugadzirisa nekuona chiedza kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera miganhu yeruzivo rwevanhu.
Mhedziso
Mafungu echiedza, ane hunhu hwawo hwakasiyana uye hunhu hwawo, ave chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwevanhu. Kushandiswa kwemafungu echiedza hakungogumiri pakutaura nekudyidzana kwatinoita netekinoroji, asiwo kune basa guru muhutano, simba, uye kuwanikwa kwesainzi. Sezvo tekinoroji nekutsvagisa zvichiramba zvichifambira mberi, basa rechiedza muhupenyu hwedu richawedzera kukosha, zvichivhura mukana wekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva mune ramangwana.
