Hukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika maererano neAnthropology
Anthropology, sekudzidza kwakazara kwenharaunda dzevanhu, tsika, uye kukura kwavo, inopa lenzi yakasiyana iyo inoongorora hukama hwakaoma pakati pechitendero netsika. Kubatana uku kwakasimba kunoumba chikamu chikuru chenharaunda dzevanhu, kuchipesvedzera tsika dzenzanga, tsika, uye tsika dzezuva nezuva. Kuburikidza nelenzi yeanthropology, tinogona kunzwisisa chisungo chekubatana pakati pechitendero netsika, tichiona kuti chimwe nechimwe chinotambanudza midzi yacho yakadzika mune chimwe, chichiumba uye chichiumbwawo.
Kunzwisisa Chitendero neTsika muChinyorwa cheAnthropology
Kuti tinyatsoongorora hukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika, zvakakosha kutanga tatsanangura pfungwa idzi kubva pamaonero evanhu. Tsika dzinoonekwa semusanganiswa wezviratidzo, zvitendero, tsika, uye zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvinoumba nzanga. Dzinosanganisira nzira dzekutaurirana, hunyanzvi, tekinoroji, uye tsika dzakafanana dzinotungamira maitiro evanhu. Chitendero, kune rumwe rutivi, chinonzwisiswa sehurongwa hwezvitendero netsika dzinobatanidza vanhu nezvinhu zvinoshamisa kana zvinopfuura mwero. Izvi zvinosanganisira pfungwa dzezvemweya, tsika, zvisikwa zvaMwari, uye magwaro matsvene.
Mukudzidza nezvevanhu, chitendero hachisi kungori chitendero chisinganzwisisike chete asi chakanyatsorukwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chinopa hurongwa hwekunzwisisa hupenyu, kududzira zviitiko, uye kuronga hukama hwevanhu. Panguva imwe chete, tsika dzinoumba mataurirwo, kuteererwa, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvitendero munharaunda.
Kushanduka-shanduka kwechitendero netsika kwakabatana
Hukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika hwakabatana zvikuru. Zvinhu zvose zviri zviviri zvinoshanduka pamwe chete, zvichipesvedzera uye zvichichinjana. Munhoroondo yese, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvetsika zvakaratidza kuti shanduko mutsika dzinokanganisa sei zvitendero uye zvinopesana.
Muenzaniso wekare wezvevanhu ndewebasa retsika dzechitendero. Mabasa aya ekuita, kubva paminamato yezuva nezuva kusvika kumitambo yakarongwa, tsika dzinosimbisa hukama hwevanhu pamwe chete uye dzinodzidzisa dzidziso dzechitendero. Emile Durkheim, mumwe wevanhu vakatanga zvesociology neanthropology, akataura kuti tsika dzechitendero dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kubatana kwevanhu nekubatanidza vanhu mumabasa akafanana, nokudaro zvichisimbisa hana yeboka rose.
Uyezve, chitendero chinowanzo ruramisa uye chinoita kuti tsika dzive dzepamutemo. Semuenzaniso, mitemo yekudya, zvipfeko, uye magariro evanhu zvinogona kudzika midzi mumitemo yechitendero nedzidziso. Mitemo iyi yetsika, inochengetedza uye inochengetedza hunhu hwechitendero nekupa zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekutenda uye kuva nhengo yenharaunda.
Chitendero seChitubu Chekuzivikanwa Kwetsika
Chitendero chinowanzo shanda sechinokosha pakuzivikanwa kwetsika, zvichipa vanhu pfungwa yekuve vekwavo uye chinangwa chavo. Pfungwa iyi yekuzivikanwa inosimbiswa kuburikidza netsika, ngano, uye zviratidzo zvinopa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva chinangwa.
Kuongorora tsika dzevanhu kwakaratidza kuti kuzivikanwa kwechitendero kunogona kunyanya kukosha munharaunda dzine tsika dzakasiyana-siyana kana kuti dzakasiyana-siyana, uko kunoshanda sechiratidzo chekusiyanisa nekubatana. Semuenzaniso, muIndia, uko zvitendero zvakawanda zviripo pamwe chete, mitambo yechitendero netsika zvinoshanda kwete sekucherechedza zvemweya chete asiwo senzira dzekuratidza nhaka yetsika neruzivo.
Uyezve, nyaya dzechitendero nengano zvinowanzopa nyaya dzekutanga dzinobatsira nharaunda kunzwisisa kwadzakabva, tsika, uye kwadzinoenda. Ngano idzi dzinogona kugadziriswa nekutsanangurwa patsva nekufamba kwenguva kuti dziratidze mamiriro etsika ari kuchinja. Semuenzaniso, tsika zhinji dzechitendero dzemuno dzakabatana zvakanyanya nenzvimbo nenhoroondo dzakati, dzinopembererwa uye dzinoramba dzichienderera mberi kuburikidza nekutaura nyaya, hunyanzvi, uye nziyo.
Kusiyana Kwetsika Dzakasiyana-siyana Mutsika Dzechitendero
Anthropology inoratidzawo kusiyana kukuru kwezvitendero netsika zvinoratidzwa mutsika dzakasiyana. Maonero aya etsika dzakasiyana anoratidza kuti hapana nzira imwe chete yekunamata, uye kuti zviitiko zvechitendero zvakadzika midzi mumamiriro etsika.
Semuenzaniso, tsika yekunamata madzitateguru inosiyana zvakanyanya pasi rose. Mutsika zhinji dzemuAfrica nedzekuAsia, kuremekedza madzitateguru kunoita basa guru muhupenyu hwechitendero nehwemagariro evanhu. Madzitateguru anofungidzirwa kuti ane simba kune vapenyu uye anokudzwa kuburikidza nezvipo, tsika, uye zviyeuchidzo. Tsika iyi haina kunyanya kukurumbira muchiKristu chekuMadokero asi inogona kuonekwa mumhando dzakasiyana, dzakadai sekuremekedza vasande.
Pamusoro pezvo, syncretism inoonekwa mutsika dzakawanda inoratidza kuti tsika dzakasiyana dzechitendero dzinogona sei kusangana uye kugara pamwe chete. Miitiro yechitendero yeLatin America, semuenzaniso, inowanzobatanidza zvitendero zvemuno nechiKristu, zvichikonzera kuratidzwa kwakasiyana kwekutenda kunoratidza nhaka dzetsika dzese.
Chitendero Sesimba Rekuchinja Tsika
Kunyange zvazvo chitendero chichiwanzochengetedza tsika dzechivanhu, chinogonawo kuva simba guru rekuchinja tsika. Mafambiro matsva echitendero, shanduko, uye kutendeuka zvinogona kutungamira mukuchinja kukuru mutsika netsika dzenzanga.
Kupararira kwezvitendero zvikuru zvepasi rose zvakaita sechiKristu, chiIslam, nechiBuddha kwakachinja tsika, zvichiunza mafungiro matsva, maitiro etsika, uye mamiriro emagariro evanhu. Mabasa eumishinari, kutengeserana, kukunda, uye kutama kwevagari vese zvakabatsira mukupararira nekuchinja zvitendero zvechitendero.
Semuenzaniso, Kuchinja kweMapurotesitendi kwakachinja zvikuru tsika nemagariro eEurope, kuchipikisa simba reChechi yeKaturike uye kuchisimudzira pfungwa dzakabatsira mukuvandudza magariro evanhu, dzakadai sekuzvimirira uye kutonga kwenyika.
Munguva dzazvino, kumukazve kwezvitendero zvepasi rose uye kukwira kwemafambiro matsva ezvemweya zvinoratidza kutaurirana kuri kuitika uye shanduko dzetsika. Midhiya yemagariro evanhu nekutaurirana kwedhijitari zvakawedzera kukurumidzisa kupararira nekusanganiswa kwepfungwa dzechitendero, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa nevanoongorora chitendero netsika munguva yedhijitari.
Mhedziso: Chisungo Chisingachinjiki
Mukupedzisa, hukama huripo pakati pechitendero netsika hwakaoma uye hunochinja-chinja, hunoratidzwa nekupesvedzerana uye kushanduka-shanduka kuri kuramba kuchiitika. Anthropology inopa ruzivo rwakakosha muhukama uhwu, ichiratidza nzira idzo zvitendero netsika zvechitendero zvakadzika midzi mumamiriro etsika uye kuti zvinobatsira sei mukuumba nekugadzirisa hunhu hwevanhu nemaitiro. Kunzwisisa chisungo ichi chakaoma kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kusiyana kwezviitiko zvevanhu uye nzira dzakadzama idzo chitendero netsika zvinobatana kuti zvigadzire tambo yehupenyu hwevanhu. Kuburikidza nepfungwa yeanthropology, tinogona kunzwisisa zvakapfuura zviri nani, kufamba-famba nezviripo, uye kufungidzira remangwana rehukama uhwu hunogara uye hwakabatana.
