Musoro: Zvidzidzo zveAnthropological paMadzinza Akaparadzana
Anthropology, kudzidza kwakazara kwevanhu, kunoedza kunzwisisa tsika, magariro evanhu, uye zvipenyu zvevanhu munguva nenzvimbo. Imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kufadza mukati meanthropology kudzidza kwemadzinza akaparadzana—nharaunda dzisina hukama hwakawanda nenyika yekunze. Mapoka aya anopa ruzivo rwakakosha mukusiyana kwevanhu, kugadzirisa, uye kusimba. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zveanthropology pamusoro pemadzinza akaparadzana, zvichiratidza matambudziko, zvakawanikwa, uye pfungwa dzetsika dziri mukutsvaga kwakadaro.
Vasungwa: Varindi veKuzviparadzanisa
MaSentinelese, rimwe remadzinza asinganzwisisike pasi rose, anogara kuNorth Sentinel Island muAndaman neNicobar archipelago muIndia. Dzinza iri ragara richiramba kusangana nevanhu vekunze, zvichikonzera matambudziko makuru mukutsvagurudza kwevanhu. Ruzivo rwakawanda nezvemaSentinelese runobva mukucherechedza kure uye kusangana kwenguva pfupi.
Mumakore ekuma1970 nekuma1980, nyanzvi yezvevanhu vekuIndia, TN Pandit, yakaedza kakawanda kuti iwane hukama hwakanaka nerudzi urwu asi yakasangana nehasha. Kutaurirana uku kwakasimbisa chishuwo chevaSentinelese chekuramba vakaparadzana, kuzvitonga kwavo kwakaratidzwa nekushandisa uta nemiseve kutyisidzira vanhu vanopinda. Kuramba kwerudzi urwu kusangana nevanhu vekunze kwakaitawo kuti vasabatwa nezvirwere zvakawanda zvemazuva ano zvinogona kuva njodzi kuvanhu vavo. Zvisinei, kuramba uku kunomutsa mibvunzo yetsika pamusoro pekuenzana pakati pekuda kuziva nezvevanhu uye kuremekedza hutongi hwavo nekurarama kwavo.
Yanomami: Mumoyo weAmazon
VaYanomami, vanogara mumasango eAmazon pakati peVenezuela neBrazil, pamwe ndeimwe yemadzinza akaparadzaniswa akanyorwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutsvagurudza kwakakura kwakaitwa nenyanzvi yezvevanhu yekuAmerica mushakabvu Napoleon Chagnon. Bhuku raChagnon, “Yanomamö: The Fierce People,” rinoratidza mamiriro emagariro evanhu erudzi urwu, hondo, uye maitiro ehukama. Basa rake rave richibatsira mukunzwisisa kuti mapoka akaparadzaniswa anochinjika sei kunharaunda yawo.
Zvisinei, basa raChagnon rave richiongororwa zvakanyanya netsika. Vatsoropodzi vanoti kuratidzwa kwaakaitwa nevaYanomami sevanhu vane chisimba kunowedzera kurerutsa uye kunoita kuti tsika dzavo dzive dzakajairika, zvichikonzera mafungiro ane njodzi. Uyezve, pave nekupomerwa mhosva pamusoro pemhedzisiro yenzira dzake dzekutsvagisa uye kupinda kwevacheri vegoridhe kwakazotevera, izvo zvakaunza chirwere nekusawirirana kuYanomami. Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuenzana kwakaoma kunofanirwa kuitwa nenyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu pakati pekuferefeta kwedzidzo nemutoro wetsika.
VaKorowai: Hupenyu Pamusoro peMiti
Rudzi rweKorowai, rwuri munzvimbo ine masango iri kure yeWest Papua, Indonesia, rwakaramba rusingazivikanwe nenyika kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20. Rudzi urwu runonyanya kuzivikanwa nedzimba dzarwo dzemiti, dziri pamusoro pevhu kudzivirira mafashamo nemadzinza anokwikwidzana. VaKorowai vakatanga kutaurwa navo neboka revanhu muma1970, uye kubvira ipapo vave vari nyaya dzezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana vachivavarira kunzwisisa mararamiro avo akasiyana.
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzakadai saPaul Taylor nemuongorori wekuGermany Christoph Zollikofer vakanyora nezvetsika dzeKorowai dzekurarama nadzo, kurongeka kwevanhu, uye tsika inonzi inodya vanhu. Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi yekupedzisira yave iri nyaya yemakakatanwa makuru, vamwe vachiti zvirevo zvakadaro zvakawedzeredzwa kana kuti zvakanzwisiswa zvisizvo. Nyaya yeKorowai inoratidza kuomarara uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika mukutsanangura nekumiririra tsika dzemuno kuburikidza nemaonero emunhu wekunze.
Pintupi Nine: Rwendo rwekudzokera kuSosaiti
Nyaya inoshamisa yezvevanhu inosanganisira Pintupi Nine, boka revanhu vePintupi vanobva kuWestern Australia. Dzinza iri raigara muGibson Desert, rakaparadzaniswa zvachose nenzanga yevanhu kusvika "pavadzoka" muna 1984. Vachizivikanwa se "dzinza rakarasika," kuwanikwa kwavo kwakapa mufananidzo wakasiyana wehupenyu hwevaAboriginal vasati vasangana.
Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzakadzidza nezvePintupi Nine dzakatarisa panzira dzavo dzekupona, marongerwo emagariro evanhu, uye zvazvinoreva kana vakangoerekana vapinda munharaunda yemazuva ano. Kuchinja uku kwaive nematambudziko; Pintupi Nine yakatarisana nematambudziko makuru etsika nematambudziko ekugadzirisa tsika. Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kukanganisa kwekubatanidzwa kwetsika pamadzinza akaparadzana uye chinomutsa mibvunzo yakakosha nezvematanho anodiwa kutsigira nharaunda dzakadaro.
Tsaatan: Mhuka Dzemusango dzeMongolia
Vanhu veTsaatan, kana kuti Dukha, vari pakati pevafudzi vekupedzisira vemhembwe pasi rose, vanogara munzvimbo iri kure yeTaiga kuchamhembe kweMongolia. Mararamiro avo echinyakare, anosanganisira kufudza mhembwe, kuvhima, uye kubata hove, akaramba aripo kwemazana emakore. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu, dzakadai seavo vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge, vakadzidza nezveTsaatan kuti vanzwisise kubatana kwavo kwakasiyana nenzvimbo yavo nezvipfuyo.
Vanhu vekuTsaatan vanotarisana nematambudziko ari kuwedzera kubva pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, mitemo yehurumende, uye kushanya, zvese zvichityisidzira mararamiro avo echinyakare. Tsvagiridzo yezvevanhu yave yakakosha mukuratidza matambudziko aya uye kutsigira kuchengetedzwa kwetsika nezvakatipoteredza zveTsaatan. Nyaya iyi inoratidza basa rinogona kuitwa nedzidzo yevanhu kwete mukunyora chete asiwo mukutsigira kuchengetedzeka kwetsika dzakaparadzana.
Kufunga Nezvetsika Pakudzidza Madzinza Akaparadzana
Kudzidza nezvemadzinza akaparadzana kwakazara nepfungwa dzetsika. Pfungwa yekuti "musakuvadza" inokosha, zvichireva kuti vanoongorora nezvevanhu vanofanira kuona kuti kuvapo kwavo nekutsvaga kwavo hazvikanganisi rudzi rwacho. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwana mvumo yeruzivo, kuremekedza zvido zverudzi maererano nekubatana, uye kungwarira nezvezvirwere zvinogona kuitika.
Uyezve, pane chikonzero chikuru chekumiririra madzinza aya nemazvo uye neruremekedzo. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzinofanira kungwarira pakududzira zvavanoda uye dzinofanira kuedza kuratidza maonero edzinza racho nemazvo. Kushanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi dzezvevanhu uye kuremekedza masisitimu eruzivo rwevanhu veko kunogona kubatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.
mhedziso
Zvidzidzo zvenhoroondo yevanhu pamadzinza akaparadzana hazvingobatsiri kunzwisisa kwedu kusiyana kwevanhu uye kusimba kwavo chete asiwo zvinoratidza kuoma kwetsika dziri muongororo yakadaro. Nyaya dzevaSentinelese, Yanomami, Korowai, Pintupi Nine, naTsaatan humbowo hwetsika dzevanhu dzakapfuma uye kuchinja. Sezvatinoramba tichidzidza nekudzidza kubva kunharaunda idzi, zvakakosha kuti tienzanise kuferefeta kwedzidzo neruremekedzo, mutoro wetsika, uye kuzvipira kuhupenyu hwavo nekuzvitonga kwavo.
