Mupiro weUN kuKugadzikana Kwenyika Dzepasi Pose
Sangano reUnited Nations (UN) isangano repasi rose rakavambwa mushure meHondo Yenyika II, kunyanya muna 1945, riine chinangwa chikuru chekuchengetedza rugare nekuchengetedzwa pasi rose. Pakati pemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika pasi rose, kurwisana nezvombo, matambudziko erubatsiro, nematambudziko matsva akadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mhosva dzepasi rose, UN inoramba iri mbiru huru yekutonga pasi rose. Mupiro weUN mukugadzikana kwenyika hauonekwi chete kuburikidza nekuedza kugumisa hondo, asiwo kuburikidza nediplomacy, budiriro, kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, uye kubatanidzwa kwerubatsiro rwerubatsiro. Kuburikidza nemasangano ayo akasiyana-siyana, mapurogiramu, uye nzira dzekushanda, UN inoita basa guru mukuumba mamiriro epasi rose akarongeka, anofungidzirwa, uye anoshanda pamwe chete.
1. Kuchengetedza Runyararo neKuchengetedzwa kuburikidza neDhigiridziro yeDzidziso
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvinopihwa neUN kudzivirira kusawirirana kusati kwatanga kana kuwedzera. Kuburikidza nekudzivirira kutaurirana, Munyori Mukuru weUN nevamiriri vakakosha vanowanzo taurirana, kutaurirana, uye kufambisa hurukuro munzvimbo dzinogara dzichinetsana. Nzira iyi ine chinangwa chekudzikisa kusawirirana kuburikidza nekutaurirana kwezvematongerwo enyika, yambiro yekutanga, uye kugadzwa kwezvibvumirano zvenguva pfupi. Dhipatimendi reUN rinowanzo shanda pachivande, asi zvarinoita zvakakosha: kuvhura nzira dzekutaurirana pakati pemapato anopikisana, kuvaka kuvimbana, uye kukurudzira kubvumirana.
Uyezve, Dare reKuchengetedza reUN rine basa rekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira rugare rwepasi rose. Kuburikidza nezvisungo, zvirevo zvemutungamiri wenyika, uye mabasa akakosha, Dare reKuchengetedza rinogona kumanikidza mapato kuti amise mhirizhonga, abvume kumisa mhirizhonga, kana kupinda muhurongwa hwerunyararo. Kunyangwe kushanda kwayo dzimwe nguva kuchikanganiswa nezvido zvezvematongerwo enyika zvemasimba makuru, nzira iyi inoramba iri iyo nzvimbo huru yepamutemo wepasi rose munyaya dzerugare nekuchengetedzwa.
2. Mabasa ekuchengetedza runyararo
Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa neUN mabasa ekuchengetedza runyararo. Varindi verunyararo veUN vanotumirwa munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga kana mushure mehondo kuti vabatsire kuchengetedza kumiswa kwehondo, kuchengetedza vanhuwo zvavo, kutarisa sarudzo, uye kutsigira shanduko muchikamu chekuchengetedza. Mabasa aya anowanzo sanganisira vashandi vemauto, mapurisa, nevashandi vasiri vehurumende vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana dziri nhengo.
Misangano yekuchengetedza runyararo inobatsira kugadzira "nzvimbo yakachengeteka" yemaitiro ezvematongerwo enyika, zvichibvumira hurukuro dzerunyararo kuenderera mberi pasina kumanikidzwa kwemhirizhonga ine zvombo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuvapo kweUN kunoshandawo senzira yekudzivirira kumukazve kwemhirizhonga, sezvo vanhu vemuno nevekunze kwenyika vachiziva kuvapo kwekutarisa kwepasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri nguva dzose zvakakwana uye zvichiwanzosangana nematambudziko akadai semitoro mishoma, zviwanikwa, kana kuoma kwemakakatanwa, kuchengetedza rugare kweUN kunoramba kuri chishandiso chakakosha mukudzikamisa matunhu asina dziviriro.
3. Kusimbiswa kweMutemo Wepasi Pose neMitemo Yepasi Pose
Kugadzikana kwenyika dzese kunoenderana zvikuru nekuvapo kwemitemo yakabvumiranwa. UN inoita basa guru mukugadza nekuchengetedza mutemo wenyika, kusanganisira zvibvumirano zvekubviswa kwezvombo, dziviriro yevapoteri, mutemo wegungwa, uye kodzero dzevana. Musangano Mukuru weUN unoshanda senzvimbo iyo nyika dzinogadzira tsika dzepasi rose dzinozopesvedzera maitiro emamwe marudzi.
Uyezve, UN inokurudzira musimboti wekuzvitonga kwakasimba, uko nyika dzisina kodzero yekutonga nharaunda yadzo chete asiwo dzine chisungo chekuchengetedza vagari vadzo. Mitemo yakadaro inosimudzira kugadzikana nekugadza mitemo yakajeka yehunhu, kugadzira kumanikidzwa kwetsika nedzehunyanzvi kune vanotyora mutemo, uye kupa hurongwa hwekugadzirisa kusawirirana.
4. Kudzivirirwa kweKodzero dzeVanhu seHwaro hweKugadzikana
Kusawirirana kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, rusarura, kana kusaruramisira munharaunda. Nokudaro, mupiro weUN mukusimudzira kodzero dzevanhu chinhu chakakosha pakugadzikana kwenyika dzese. Chiziviso cheUniversal of Human Rights (1948) chaive chiitiko chakakosha chakaisa hwaro hwezvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva ano zvekodzero dzevanhu.
Kuburikidza neUN Human Rights Council, Universal Periodic Review mechanism, uye vamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vakasiyana-siyana, UN inotarisa mamiriro ekodzero dzevanhu munyika dzakasiyana-siyana. UN inobatsirawo nyika kusimbisa masangano emutemo, kuvandudza mukana wekuwanikwa kweruramisiro, uye kuvandudza marongero anowanzo kukonzera kusawirirana. Nekudzvinyirira mhirizhonga yenyika, kutambudzwa, kana kutyorwa kwemitemo kumapoka madiki, UN inobatsira mukuderedza mukana wekuti kusawirirana kwevanhu kuwedzere kuva hondo yezvombo.
5. Rubatsiro rweVanhu uye Kutarisira Njodzi
Matambudziko ekubatsira vanhu anogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwenzvimbo, kupinda kwevapoteri mumapoka evanhu, uye kuwedzera kusawirirana pamusoro pezviwanikwa. UN inoita basa guru mukubatanidza rubatsiro rwevanhu kuburikidza nemasangano akaita seOCHA, UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, neWHO. Rubatsiro rwechikafu, mvura yakachena, mabasa ehutano, kuchengetedzwa kwevana, uye rutsigiro rwevapoteri runobatsira kuderedza kutambura nekudzivirira kupararira kwekusagadzikana.
Munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga, rubatsiro rwevanhu rweUN runowanzova nzira chete yekubatsira mapoka ari munjodzi. Pamusoro pekupa rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira, UN inokurudzirawo kuvaka nharaunda, zvakaita sekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvekutanga, rutsigiro rwedzidzo yekukurumidzira, uye mabasa ehutano epakati nepakati. Zvese izvi zvinobatsira pakugadzikana nekudzivirira kuparara kwemagariro evanhu kunogona kuramba kuchiita mhirizhonga.
6. Kubudirira Kunogara Kwenguva Refu uye Kuderedza Midzi Yemakakatanwa
Kugadzikana hakungobvi pakushaikwa kwehondo chete, asiwo pakubudirira, hutongi hwakanaka, uye mikana yehupfumi. UN, kuburikidza nemapurogiramu akasiyana-siyana akadai seUNDP nezvirongwa zvepasi rose zvakaita seSustainable Development Goals (SDGs), inoedza kuderedza urombo, kuvandudza dzidzo, kuderedza kusaenzana, uye kusimbisa masangano. Kubudirira kunogarika kwakakosha nekuti urombo hwakanyanya, kushaikwa kwemabasa, uye kusaenzana zvinogona kuva nzvimbo yakaorera yekukurudzira mhirizhonga nekurwisana.
Nekukurudzira kukura kwakabatana uye manejimendi akaenzana ezviwanikwa, UN inobatsira nyika kuvaka kugadzikana kwemukati, izvo zvinozobatsirawo kugadzikana kwekunze. Kurwisana kwakawanda kwezvombo kunosanganisira kuwana ivhu, mvura, kana simba; saka, nzira yekuvandudza yeUN, iyo inosimbisa hutongi hwakajeka uye kutora chikamu kwevagari, inoshanda senzira yekudzivirira kusawirirana kwenguva refu.
7. Basa muNyaya Itsva dzePasi Pose: Mamiriro ekunze, Hutano, uye Kuchengetedzeka Kusiri Kwetsika
Matambudziko ekuchengetedza emazuva ano haawanzo kusanganisira hondo pakati penyika. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, denda, uye mhosva dzepasi rose dzakadai sekutengeserana kwevanhu nekutengesa zvinodhaka zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwenyika. UN inoita basa rekubatanidza kuburikidza nehurongwa hwepasi rose, hwakadai sekutsigira kwesainzi nehurongwa hwemamiriro ekunze, kushandira pamwe kwehutano hwepasi rose, uye kusimbisa kugona kwenyika kugadzirisa njodzi dziri kubuda.
Kana denda kana njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze dzichikonzera matambudziko ehupfumi nemagariro evanhu, njodzi yekusawirirana inowedzera. UN inobatsira nyika kufamba nematambudziko nekugovana data, kupa rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi, uye kukurudzira kubatana kwenyika dzese. Nenzira iyi, UN haingogadzirise chete kusawirirana kuripo asiwo inosimbisa hurongwa hwepasi rose kuti huve hwakasimba pakusagadzikana.
8. Miganhu Nematambudziko eUN
Pasinei nekupa kwayo kukuru, UN inotarisana nematambudziko akawanda: makwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika, simba rekudzivirira nhengo dzechigarire dzeSecurity Council, zvirambidzo zvemari, uye kuoma kwemakakatanwa emazuva ano anosanganisira nhengo dzakawanda dzisiri dzehurumende. Kuitwa kwezvisarudzo zveUN dzimwe nguva kwakaoma nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekubvumirana kwakasimba kwezvematongerwo enyika. Kutsoropodzwa kunoitikawo maererano nekushanda kwemabasa ekuchengetedza runyararo uye mhinduro dzekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.
Zvisinei, zvirambidzo izvi hazvidzivisi chokwadi chekuti UN inoramba iri nzvimbo yakakura uye yepamutemo yekudyidzana kwenyika dzese. Kunyangwe kana mhedzisiro yacho isina kunaka, kuvapo kweUN kazhinji ndiyo nzira yega yekudyidzana inowanikwa uye inozivikanwa nemapato ese.
Mhedziso
Mupiro weUN mukugadzikana kwenyika dzakawanda une mativi akawanda: kudzivirira kusawirirana kuburikidza nediplomacy, kuchengetedza rugare kuburikidza nekuchengetedza runyararo, kugadza mitemo yepasi rose, kuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu, kuronga rubatsiro rwevanhu, uye kukurudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi. Munguva yezvinetso zvepasi rose zviri kuramba zvichioma uye zvakabatana, basa reUN richiri kukosha sebhiriji pakati pezvido zvenyika mukutsvaga mhinduro dzakabatana. Kunyange zvazvo UN isiri sangano rakakwana uye ichiwanzokanganiswa nezvematongerwo enyika yepasi rose, kuvapo kwayo kunoramba kuri hwaro hukuru hwekuchengetedza nyika yakagadzikana, yakachengeteka, uye ine hunhu.
