Fa'ata'ita'iga o Fesili e Talanoaina ai le Malosiaga o Galu Eletise
E taua tele le malosi o galu eletise i le tele o faʻaoga faʻatekonolosi ma faʻasaienisi. Mai fesoʻotaʻiga leitio i X-ray faafomaʻi, e taua tele le malamalama i galu eletise ma lo latou malosi. O lenei tusiga o le a aofia ai manatu autu ma tuʻuina atu faʻataʻitaʻiga o faʻafitauli i le malosi o galu eletise, e aofia ai itu faʻavae ma faʻatino.
Fa'atomuaga i Galu Eletise
O galu eletise maneta o galu ia e aofia ai fanua eletise ma maneta fe'avea'i, e feoa'i solo i le vateatea i le saoasaoa o le malamalama. E maua mai i le fesuia'iga o fanua eletise ma maneta ma e mafai ona sosolo atu i le gaogao po'o ala o mea. O le fusi o le eletise e aofia ai le tele o galu eseese, mai galu leitio e uumi galu i ave gamma e pupuu galu.
I se tulaga lautele, o le malosi o galu eletise e mafai ona faʻaalia i le tulaga o se fua faʻatatau:
\[ E = h \cdot f \]
O fea o le \( E \) o le malosiaga o le photon, \( h \) o le Planck's constant (\(6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \)), ma le \( f \) o le televave o galu. I le iloaina o le televave po o le wavelength (\( \lambda \)), e mafai ona tatou fuafuaina le malosiaga o le galu electromagnetic e faʻaaoga ai le saoasaoa o le malamalama (\( c = 3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \)), lea o le \( c = \lambda \cdot f \).
Fa'ata'ita'iga Fesili 1
Fesili:
O se galu eletise e iai lona televave e \( 5 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz} \). Fa'atatau le malosi o le tasi photon o lenei galu eletise.
Talanoaga:
Faaaoga le fua faatatau \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \]
\[ f = 5 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz} \]
O lea la,
\[ E = (6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js}) \cdot (5 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.313 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \]
O le malosi o le tasi photon o le galu eletiseka e \( 3.313 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \).
Fa'ata'ita'iga Fesili 2
Fesili:
Afai o se ave o le la e iai le umi o le galu \( \lambda \) o le \( 600 \, \text{nm} \), fuafua lona malosi i le photon i le electron volts (eV). (Tuuina atu: 1 eV = \( 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \)).
Talanoaga:
Muamua, liliu le galu ua tuʻuina atu i mita:
\[ \lambda = 600 \, \text{nm} = 600 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m} \]
Faaaoga le sootaga \( c = \lambda \cdot f \) e sue ai le taimi masani:
\[ c = 3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \]
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{600 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m}} \]
\[ f = 5 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz} \]
Ia, fuafua le malosiaga o le photon e faʻaaoga ai le \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \]
\[ E = (6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js}) \cdot (5 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.313 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \]
Ia, liliu le malosi i le electron volts:
\[ E = \frac{3.313 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}}{1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J/eV}} \]
\[ E \approx 2.07 \, \text{eV} \]
O lea la, o le malosi i le photon o le fa'asalalauga ma le wavelength \( 600 \, \text{nm} \) e tusa ma le 2.07 eV.
Fa'ata'ita'iga Fesili 3
Fesili:
O le galu o le maikolovevu e \( 12 \, \text{cm} \). Fuafua le malosi o le tasi photon o lenei maikolovevu.
Talanoaga:
Muamua, liliu le galu ua tuʻuina atu i mita:
\[ \lambda = 12 \, \text{cm} = 12 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{m} \]
Faaaoga le sootaga \( c = \lambda \cdot f \) e sue ai le taimi masani:
\[ c = 3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \]
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{12 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{m}} \]
\[ f = 2.5 \times 10^9 \, \text{Hz} \]
Ia, fuafua le malosiaga o le photon e faʻaaoga ai le \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \]
\[ E = (6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js}) \cdot (2.5 \times 10^9 \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 1.6565 \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J} \]
O le malosi o le tasi photon o microwave ma le wavelength \( 12 \, \text{cm} \) e \( 1.6565 \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J} \).
Fa'ata'ita'iga Fesili 4
Fesili:
Fuafua le aofaʻi o photons e gaosia e se laser e iai le malosiaga \( 1 \, \text{W} \) e faʻasalalauina ai le malamalama e tutusa le umi o le galu \( 500 \, \text{nm} \) mo le \( 1 \, \text{s} \).
Talanoaga:
Muamua, fuafua le malosi o se photon e tasi ma le galu \( 500 \, \text{nm} \):
\[ \lambda = 500 \, \text{nm} = 500 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m} \]
Faaaoga le sootaga \( c = \lambda \cdot f \) e sue ai le taimi masani:
\[ c = 3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \]
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m}} \]
\[ f = 6 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz} \]
Fa'aaogaina o le \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \]
\[ E = (6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js}) \cdot (6 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.9756 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \]
Ia, fuafua le aofaʻi o photons na faʻasalalauina i le taimi o le \( 1 \, \text{s} \):
Malosiaga \( P = 1 \, \text{W} \):
\[ E_{\text{total}} = P \cdot t = 1 \, \text{W} \times 1 \, \text{s} = 1 \, \text{J} \]
Numera o photons:
\[ n = \frac{E_{\text{total}}}{E_{\text{photons}}} = \frac{1 \, \text{J}}{3.9756 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}} \]
\[ n \pe tusa ma le 2.52 \times 10^{18} \]
O lea la, e fa'asalalauina e le laser pe tusa ma le \( 2.52 \times 10^{18} \) photons i le sekone e tasi.
I'uga
O le malamalama i le malosiaga o galu eletise e taua tele i le tele o faʻaoga i vaega eseese o inisinia ma saienisi. E ala i faʻataʻitaʻiga na talanoaina, ua tatou vaʻaia ai laʻasaga e aofia ai i le fuafuaina o le malosiaga o le photon e faʻavae i luga o le televave ma le galu, liua i le va o iunite o le malosiaga, ma le fuafuaina o le malosiaga o le radiation. Faatasi ai ma le faataitai ma le malamalama loloto, o nei manatu o le a faateleina le malamalama ma le aoga i faʻaoga moni.
