{"id":4871,"date":"2021-06-27T16:04:14","date_gmt":"2021-06-27T23:04:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/?p=4871"},"modified":"2021-06-27T16:04:14","modified_gmt":"2021-06-27T23:04:14","slug":"resistors-in-series","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/resistors-in-series.htm","title":{"rendered":"Resistors in series","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-4873\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Resistors-in-series-1.png\" alt=\"Resistors in series 1\" width=\"211\" height=\"108\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Article about the Resistors in series<\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">If the resistors are connected as shown in the figure, the resistors are arranged in series. Resistor or electrical resistance in question can be in the form of resistor components, lights, or other electrical resistance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The electric charge moves through resistance 1 (R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) = the <a href=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/electric-charge.htm\">electric charge<\/a> moves through resistance 2 (R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) = the electric charge moves through resistance 3 (R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">). <a href=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/electric-current.htm\">Electric current<\/a> (I) is an electric charge that flows during a certain time interval (I = Q \/ t), hence the electric current through resistance 1 (I<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) = electric current through resistance 2 (I<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) = electric current through resistance 3 (I<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">). Mathematically, the total electric current (I) = I<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= I<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = I<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">.<\/span><\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Conversely, the electric voltage (V) decreases when the electric charge moves through each resistor. Electricity voltage also called an electric potential difference, is an electric potential energy per unit of electric charge. Electricity voltage is reduced because electricity is used in each electrical resistance. So, the total electrical voltage (V) is equal to the amount of electricity in each resistor. Mathematically, the total electric voltage (V) = V<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ V<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ V<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">. V = I R so the equation of the electric voltage is V = I R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + I R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + I R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">. The electric current flowing on each resistor is equal so that this equation changes to V = I (R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Based on the above equation, it can be concluded that the total electrical resistance (R) or the equivalent resistance of the electrical resistance <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">which is connected in series is equal to the sum of each electrical resistance, mathematically R = R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">. If there are only two resistors in series, the equivalent resistor (R) = R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">. If there are four resistors in series, the equivalent resistor (R) = R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">4<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">. Likewise, if there are five or more five resistors that are connected in series.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Sample problem <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">If known, R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 2 \u03a9, R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 3 \u03a9 and R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 4 \u03a9. All three resistors are connected in series. What is the value of the equivalent resistor? (\u03a9 = <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georg_Ohm\">Ohm<\/a>).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Solution:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">R = R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1 <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 \u03a9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">This result indicates that the equivalent resistance is greater than the value of the resistors connected in series.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Sample problem <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Two resistors R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 50 \u03a9 and 50 \u03a9 are connected in series and connected to a 12 Volt battery. Determine <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(a) The equivalent resistance <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(b) Electric current through each resistor<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Solution:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(a) R = R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + R<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 50 \u03a9 + 50 \u03a9 = 100 \u03a9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(b) I = V \/ R = 12 Volt \/ 100 \u03a9 = 0.12 A <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article about the Resistors in series If the resistors are connected as shown in the figure, the resistors are arranged in series. Resistor or electrical resistance in question can be in the form of resistor components, lights, or other electrical resistance. The electric charge moves through resistance 1 (R1) = the electric charge moves through &#8230; <a title=\"Resistors in series\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/resistors-in-series.htm\" aria-label=\"Read more about Resistors in series\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"Resistors in series","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basic-physics-tutorials"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4871"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4871\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}