{"id":4646,"date":"2021-06-27T16:44:44","date_gmt":"2021-06-27T23:44:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/?p=4646"},"modified":"2021-06-27T16:44:44","modified_gmt":"2021-06-27T23:44:44","slug":"projectile-motion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/projectile-motion.htm","title":{"rendered":"Projectile motion","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 align=\"justify\">Article about the Projectile motion and sample problems with solutions<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>Initial velocity (v<\/b><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>) and the component of initial velocity (v<\/b><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>ox<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b> and v<\/b><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>oy<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">An object which moves parabolic always has an initial speed. Because parabolic motion is a combination of movements in the horizontal and vertical directions, the initial velocity also has horizontal and vertical components.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4648\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-1.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 1\" width=\"120\" height=\"112\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">If the object moves parabolically as in Figure 1 and 3 then the initial velocity in the horizontal direction (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) and the initial velocity in the vertical direction (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) are calculated using the equation:<\/span><\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> cos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u03b8<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">sin \u03b8<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">If the object moving parabolic as figure 2 then v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 0)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>Velocity (v<\/b><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>x <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>and v<\/b><\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>y<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>) and Position (x and y)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The speed in the horizontal and vertical directions at a certain time interval is calculated using the equation:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">x <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = constant (<a href=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/uniform-linear-motion.htm\">uniform linear motion<\/a>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">y <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + g t or v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">y<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + 2 g h (free-fall motion)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The position of objects in the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) directions at a certain time interval is calculated using the equation:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">x = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">y = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> t + 1\u20442 g t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>Resultant of velocity (v) and position (h)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Resultant velocity at a specified time interval is calculated using the equation:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4649\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-2.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 2\" width=\"107\" height=\"67\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The direction of objects at a certain time interval is calculated using the equation:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4650\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-3.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 3\" width=\"120\" height=\"39\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Notes:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1. The horizontal component of parabolic motion is reviewed as the uniform linear motion, so vox = vx is always constant<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2. The vertical component of parabolic motion is reviewed as the free-fall motion, so if the object moving parabolic, such as Figure 1 and 3, the vertical component of the velocity of the object at maximum height is zero (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">y<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 0). If you throw a marble upright upwards at a maximum height, the object is rest for a moment (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">y <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 0) before turning downward. Therefore, the speed of the object moving the parabolic at maximum height = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">x <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3. If the object moves parabolic as shown in Figure 2, the vertical component of parabolic motion is viewed as the free-fall motion. If the object moves parabolically as Figure 1 and 3 then the vertical component of parabolic motion is viewed as the upward vertical motion).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>Sample problems:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">1. A bullet is fired in a horizontal direction with an initial speed of 20 m\/s. If the gun is 5 meters above the ground, determine:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(a) time in air <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-4651\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-4.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 4\" width=\"290\" height=\"106\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(b) the maximum height<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(c) the horizontal distance<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(d) the speed of the bullet when it hit the ground<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Solution:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Motion in the horizontal direction is analyzed like the uniform linear motion, while motion in the vertical direction is analyzed like the free-fall motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 20 m\/s, v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 0 m\/s, h = 5 m, g = 9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>a) Time in air<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is as determining the time interval (t) in the free fall motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 0 m\/s, h = 5 m, g = 9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4652\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-5.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 5\" width=\"278\" height=\"128\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>b) The maximum height <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Maximum height = h = 5 meters. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>c) Horizontal distance (d)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is like determining the distance on the uniform linear motion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 20 m\/s, t = 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second\">second<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">d = v t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">d = (20 m\/s)(1 s) = 20 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>d) Speed when bullet hits the ground<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">tx<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 20 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">First, we calculate the final speed in the vertical direction (vty). The solution is like determining the final speed of the free-fall motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 0, g = 9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">, t = 1 s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ g t &#8212;&gt; vo = 0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= g t <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = (9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">)(1 s) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 9.8 m\/s <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The speed of a bullet when it hit the ground:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4656\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-6.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 6\" width=\"122\" height=\"126\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Direction of bullet:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4653\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-7.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 7\" width=\"236\" height=\"65\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Because v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">tx<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> is in the direction of the positive x-axis (to the right) and v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> is in the direction of the negative y-axis (downward), <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">the direction of the bullet when it hits the ground is -26.1<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> to the positive x-axis (see figure below).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4654\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-8.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 8\" width=\"132\" height=\"76\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2. The cannon fired a bullet at a 30<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">to the horizontal with a speed of 60 m\/s. Determine:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(a) the maximum height<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(b) the speed of the bullet at maximum height <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(c) time in air <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(d) the horizontal distance<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(e) the speed of the bullet when it hits the ground. Suppose the ground is flat. \ud83d\ude42<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-4657\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-9-300x72.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 9\" width=\"300\" height=\"72\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-9-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-9.png 373w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Solution:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Motion in the horizontal direction is analyzed like the uniform linear motion, motion in the vertical direction is analyzed like the upward vertical motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 60 m\/s, teta = 30<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Based on known data, we first calculate the vertical (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) and horizontal (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) components of the initial speed (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4658\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-10.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 10\" width=\"131\" height=\"101\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>a) The maximum height (h)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is like determining the maximum height on the upward vertical motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> cos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u03b8 = (60)(cos 30) = (60)(0.87) = 52 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> sin \u03b8 = (60)(sin 30) = (60)(0.5) = 30 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>a) Maximum height (h)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is like determining the maximum height on the vertical upward motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 30 m\/s (this is the initial speed of the bullet)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 0 m\/s (At the maximum height, the vertical velocity of the bullet = 0 m \/ s. This is the final speed.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">g = &#8211; 9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ 2 g h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">0<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 30<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + 2 (-9.8) h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">0<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 900 \u2013 19.6 h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">900 = 19.6 h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">h = 900 \/ 19.6 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">h = 45.9 meter<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The maximum height achieved by the bullet = 45.9 meters.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>b) The speed at the maximum height<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">At the maximum height, the speed in the vertical direction = 0 m\/s. At maximum altitude, there is the only speed in the horizontal direction. The speed in the horizontal direction at the maximum height is equal to the initial velocity in the horizontal direction, which is 52.2 m\/s. The direction of velocity in the horizontal direction is always constant, that is, in the direction of the positive x-axis (if the motion of an object is described in the diagram above)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>c) Time in the air<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is like determining the time interval (t) in the discussion of the vertical upward motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 30 m\/s (this is the initial speed of the bullet in the vertical direction)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">g = &#8211; 9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">h = 0 m (when the bullet returns to the ground, the displacement of the bullet in the vertical direction = 0 m)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">h = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> t + \u00bd g t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">0 = (30) t + \u00bd (-9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">0 = (30) t \u2013 4.9 t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(30) t = 4.9 t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">30 = 4.9 t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t = 30 \/ 4.9<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t = 6.12 seconds<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Time in air = 6.12 second<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>d) Horizontal distance (d)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is like determining the distance (d) on the uniform linear motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 52.2 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">t = 6.12 seconds<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">d = v t = (52.2 m\/s)(6.12 seconds) = 319.5 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>e) Speed when bullet hits the ground<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">tx<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 52.2 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">First, we calculate the final velocity in the vertical direction (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">). The solution is to determine the final speed on the vertical upward motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 30 m\/s, g = -9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">, t = 6.12 seconds<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + g t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = (30) + (-9.8)(6.12)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = (30) \u2013 (60)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= -30 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">A negative sign indicates that the direction of the final velocity is downward. Note that the initial velocity in the vertical direction is equal to the final velocity in the vertical direction.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The speed of the bullet when it hit the ground:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4659\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-11.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 11\" width=\"133\" height=\"130\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The direction of bullet:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4660\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-12.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 12\" width=\"259\" height=\"67\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Since v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">tx<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> is in the direction of the positive x-axis (to the right) and vty is in the direction of the negative y-axis (downward), <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">the direction of the bullet&#8217;s velocity when it hits the ground is -30<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> about the positive x-axis (see figure below).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4661\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-13.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 13\" width=\"133\" height=\"92\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">3. A ball is thrown from the edge of a 50-meter-high building with an initial speed of 10 m\/s. If the ball is thrown at 30o about the horizontal, determine:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(a) the time interval the ball reaches the ground <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(b) the speed of the ball when it strikes the ground <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(c) the horizontal distance that can be reached by the ball is measured from the edge of the building <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">(d) the maximum height reached by the ball<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-4662\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-14-300x97.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 14\" width=\"300\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-14-300x97.png 300w, https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-14.png 357w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Solution:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">First, we calculate the vertical component (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) and the horizontal component (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">) of the initial velocity (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4663\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-15.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 15\" width=\"132\" height=\"99\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> cos 30<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= (10 m\/s)(0.87) = 8.7 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">sin 30<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= (10 m\/s)(0.5) = 5 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>a) Time interval the ball reaches the ground<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is like determining the time interval (t) in a vertical upward motion. The magnitude of the vector whose direction is upward is chosen to be positive, the magnitude of the vector whose direction is downward is chosen to be negative. The ball position where it is thrown selected as a reference point. h is negative because the ground surface is below the reference point, g is negative because the direction of acceleration of gravity is downward.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 5 m\/s, h = &#8211; 5 m, g = &#8211; 9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">h = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">o<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> t + \u00bd g t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">-5 = 5 t + \u00bd (-9.8) t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">-5 = 5 t \u2013 4.9 t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">-4.9 t<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + 5 t + 5 = 0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Use the quadratic formula:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4664\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-16.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 16\" width=\"282\" height=\"233\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Time in air = time interval since the ball was thrown to reach the ground = 1.64 seconds.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>b) Speed of the ball when strikes the surface of the ground<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">tx<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ox<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">x <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 8.7 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">First, we calculate the final speed in the vertical direction (v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">). The solution is like determining the final speed on the vertical upward motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 5 m\/s, g = -9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">, t = 1.64 seconds<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + g t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 5 + (-9.8)(1.64)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 5 \u2013 16<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = -11 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The negative sign indicates that the direction of the final velocity is downward.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The speed of the bullet when it hit the ground:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4665\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-17.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 17\" width=\"125\" height=\"125\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The direction of the bullet&#8217;s speed = the direction of the bullet&#8217;s motion when it hit the ground:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The speed of the bullet when it hit the ground:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Because vtx is in the direction of the positive x-axis (to the right) and vty is in the direction of the negative y-axis (downward),<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> the direction of the bullet when it hits the ground is -52o about the positive x-axis (see figure below).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4666\" src=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Projectile-motion-18.png\" alt=\"Projectile motion 18\" width=\"180\" height=\"64\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>c) Horizontal distance that can be reached by the ball is measured from the edge of the building<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The solution is like determining the distance traveled (d) on the uniform linear motion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> t = 1.64 seconds, v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">x<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 8.7 m\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">d = v t = (8.7 m\/s)(1.64 s) = 14.3 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>d) The maximum height reached by the ball<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Known:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 5 m\/s, v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty <\/span><\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= 0 m\/s (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">vertical component of the velocity at the maximum height = 0 m\/s), g = -9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>Wanted:<\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">ty<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = v<\/span><\/span><sub><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">oy<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + 2 g h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">0 m\/s = (5 m\/s)<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">+ 2(-9.8 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">)(h)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">0 m\/s = 25 (m\/s)<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> + (-19.6 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">)(h)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">25 (m\/s)<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">= -19.6 m\/s 2 (h)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">h = 25 (m\/s)<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">: -19.6 m\/s<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> = 1.3 meters<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times new roman, serif\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\">The maximum height reached by the ball = 1.3 meters above the top of the building = 1.3 m + 50 m = 51.3 meters above the surface of the ground.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article about the Projectile motion and sample problems with solutions Initial velocity (vo) and the component of initial velocity (vox and voy) An object which moves parabolic always has an initial speed. Because parabolic motion is a combination of movements in the horizontal and vertical directions, the initial velocity also has horizontal and vertical components. &#8230; <a title=\"Projectile motion\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/projectile-motion.htm\" aria-label=\"Read more about Projectile motion\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"Article about the Projectile motion and sample problems with solutions The maximum height (h), The speed at the maximum height, time in air","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"Projectile motion","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basic-physics-tutorials"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4646\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gurumuda.net\/physics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}