Ukadaulo Wolumikizirana Pafupi ndi Malo
Near Field Communication (NFC) ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe womwe umalola zida ziwiri kusinthana deta pozibweretsa mkati mwa masentimita ochepa. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, NFC imadziwika kwambiri kudzera mu "tap" pa mafoni am'manja polipira popanda ndalama, kuwonjezera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhadi amagetsi, kuwerenga makadi olowera, komanso kuphatikiza zida mwachangu monga mahedifoni ndi ma speaker. Ngakhale zingawoneke zosavuta, NFC ndi zotsatira za chitukuko cha ukadaulo wodziwika bwino komanso wolumikizirana, makamaka kuchokera ku banja la RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza tanthauzo, momwe imagwirira ntchito, njira zogwiritsira ntchito, maubwino, zovuta, ndi malangizo amtsogolo a chitukuko cha NFC.
Kumvetsetsa ndi makhalidwe a NFC
NFC imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi ya 13,56 MHz ndipo idapangidwa kuti ilumikizane patali kwambiri. Kutali kochepa kumeneku ndi kwabwino, chifukwa kumachepetsa chiopsezo chomvera mauthenga akutali poyerekeza ndi kulankhulana kwakutali opanda zingwe. Liwiro losamutsa NFC nthawi zambiri limakhala m'makilobiti mazana ambiri pa sekondi iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kusinthana deta yaying'ono monga makadi ozindikiritsa, ma tokeni ochitira zinthu, kapena makonzedwe afupiafupi. NFC si ukadaulo wotumizira mafayilo akuluakulu, koma woyambitsa kulumikizana, kutsimikizira, kapena kusinthana zambiri mwachangu komanso mosavuta.
Mosiyana ndi Bluetooth, yomwe imafuna njira yolumikizirana ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pamtunda wa mamita angapo, NFC ndi "yofulumira": ingobweretsani zida pafupi ndipo njirayi imayamba yokha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake NFC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyambitsa kuyambitsa mautumiki ena, monga kutsegula ulalo winawake, kuyambitsa kulumikizana kwa Bluetooth, kapena kuyendetsa zokha.
Momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi zigawo zazikulu
Kwenikweni, NFC imaphatikizapo magulu awiri: wowerenga/wolemba ndi chipangizo/chinthu chomwe chikuwerengedwa (tag kapena khadi), kapena zida ziwiri zogwira ntchito zomwe zikulankhulana. Mwachizolowezi, mafoni amakono amatha kugwira ntchito ngati wowerenga komanso ngati "khadi" yeniyeni.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa NFC ndi izi:
1. Chip ndi antenna ya NFC mu foni yanu kapena chipangizo china. Antena nthawi zambiri imakhala coil yopyapyala yomwe imathandiza kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi.
2. Ma tag a NFC, omwe ndi ma tchipisi osagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amamangiriridwa ku zomata, makadi, maunyolo a makiyi, kapena zinthu zina. Ma tag amasunga deta yosavuta monga ma URL, zolemba, kapena ma configurations.
3. Secure Element (SE) kapena njira yofanana yachitetezo (kuphatikiza Host Card Emulation/HCE) pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumafuna chitetezo chambiri, monga malipiro.
4. Ma protocol okhazikika, mwachitsanzo omwe amalamulidwa ndi NFC Forum, kuti zipangizo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zigwirizane.
Pa NFC yopanda ntchito, chizindikirocho sichifuna batire. Mphamvu yake "imabwerekedwa" kuchokera ku gawo lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi wowerenga. Foni ikayandikira, gawolo limayambitsa chizindikirocho, ndipo deta imatha kusinthanitsidwa. Pazochitika zomwe zipangizo ziwiri zikugwira ntchito (monga foni yokhala ndi foni), zimatha kutumiza ndikulandira deta nthawi imodzi.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito NFC
NFC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zitatu zazikulu:
1. Njira Yowerengera/Yolemba
Zipangizo zimagwira ntchito ngati owerenga kapena olemba deta ku ma tag a NFC. Mwachitsanzo, foni ikhoza kuwerenga zambiri pa tag mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kuti iwonetse kufotokozera kwa ntchito, kapena kulemba URL ku tag yolumikizidwa pa desiki kuti itsegule tsamba linalake ndikudina kamodzi.
2. Njira Yotsanzira Khadi
Chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito ngati khadi yeniyeni. Izi ndizodziwika kwambiri pamalipiro osakhudza makina a EDC, malo olowera nyumba, makadi oyendera, kapena makadi a umembala. Njira iyi imalola foni "kutsanzira" khadi, kotero owerenga amaganiza kuti foniyo ndi khadi wamba.
3. Njira Yolumikizirana ndi Anzanu
Zipangizo ziwiri zimasinthana deta. Njira iyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawana ma contact kapena maulalo. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyambitsa kupanga kulumikizana mwachangu kapena koyenera, monga kuyambitsa Bluetooth kapena Wi-Fi Direct.
Zitsanzo za mapulogalamu a NFC m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku
Kugwiritsa ntchito NFC kukufalikira kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi mafoni onse apakatikati komanso apamwamba tsopano akuchirikiza izi. Nazi zina mwazochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
– Malipiro osakhudzana ndi kukhudza: Ogwiritsa ntchito amangodina mafoni awo pa malo olipira. Kulipira kumachitika mwachangu komanso mosavuta, makamaka pa ndalama zazing'ono mpaka zapakati.
– Mayendedwe ndi matikiti: Makina ambiri amagetsi ogulira matikiti amagwiritsa ntchito makadi a NFC kapena ukadaulo wina wofanana nawo. Ngakhale mafoni a m'manja amatha kugwira ntchito ngati matikiti a digito.
- Kuwongolera mwayi wolowa: Makhadi a antchito, mwayi wolowera pakhomo la hotelo, kapena makhadi a umembala wa gym akhoza kusinthidwa ndi zikalata zovomerezeka pafoni yam'manja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyang'anira ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zosindikizira makhadi zikhale zosavuta.
– Makina ochitira zinthu kunyumba ndi ku ofesi: Ma tag a NFC amatha kulumikizidwa kumalo enaake kuti agwiritse ntchito malamulo odziyimira pawokha, monga kuyatsa Wi‑Fi, kutsegula pulogalamu yoti anthu azitha kupezekapo, kukhazikitsa silent mode, kapena kutumiza uthenga wachangu.
- Kutsimikizira zinthu ndi kuletsa zinthu zabodza: Ma tag a NFC pazinthu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira kutsimikizika, kuwonetsa zambiri za kupanga, kapena kupereka chithandizo pambuyo pogulitsa.
– Thanzi ndi chizindikiritso: Nthawi zina, NFC ingathandize kusinthana deta ya chizindikiritso kapena chidziwitso cha wodwala pamlingo wochepa pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ina yachitetezo.
Ubwino wa NFC
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe NFC imagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri:
1. Yothandiza komanso yachangu
Chizindikiro cha "tap" ndi chosavuta kumva. Ogwiritsa ntchito safunika kusaka chipangizocho pamndandanda wa Bluetooth kapena kulemba khodi.
2. Sungani mphamvu
Pa ma tag osagwiritsidwa ntchito, palibe gwero lamagetsi lamkati. Pa mafoni am'manja, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya NFC nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa.
3. Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha mtunda wapafupi
Kuyandikira kwambiri kumachepetsa mwayi woti chiwembu chichitike patali. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti NFC ilibe chiopsezo.
4. Kugwirizana kwakukulu
Kukhazikitsa kwa NFC Forum kumathandiza kuti zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi ma terminal agwire ntchito limodzi.
Zoopsa ndi zovuta zachitetezo
Ngakhale kuti mtunda waufupi umapereka ubwino, chitetezo cha NFC chimafunabe chisamaliro. Zoopsa zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- Kuchepetsa liwiro la mawu ndi kumvetsera (kugogoda) pansi pa mikhalidwe ina, makamaka ngati woukirayo ali pafupi kwambiri kapena akugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.
- Kuukira kwa Relay, komwe kumakulitsa "mtunda" wa NFC pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cholumikizira kotero kuti terminal ikuwoneka ngati ikuwerenga khadi lomwe lili kwina.
– Ma tag oipa, mwachitsanzo ma tag omwe ali ndi maulalo a phishing kapena omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale zochitika zina pafoni.
Kuchepetsa vutoli kumachitika kudzera mu kubisa, kusintha kwa ma tokeni (makamaka pa malipiro), kutsimikizira kwa biometric, zoletsa zochita zokha, ndi zizolowezi za ogwiritsa ntchito monga kupewa kukhudza mwachisawawa ma tag osadziwika komwe akuchokera. Machitidwe amakono olipira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma tokeni ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi komanso zigawo zingapo zachitetezo kuti apewe kuwonetsa deta yeniyeni ya khadi.
NFC, RFID, ndi kusiyana
NFC nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti ndi "yochokera" ku RFID. Zonsezi zimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi pozindikira ndi kulankhulana. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti RFID ili ndi ma frequency ambiri komanso mtunda wautali—kuyambira afupi kwambiri mpaka mamita angapo—kutengera mtundu wake. NFC ndi yeniyeni: mtunda waufupi, kulumikizana kwabwino kwa njira ziwiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito chopangidwa kuti chikhale chosavuta. Mwanjira ina, NFC ndi kukhazikitsa RFID yokonzedwa kuti igwirizane bwino komanso mwachangu pamtunda waufupi, makamaka mafoni a m'manja ndi zida za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Tsogolo la NFC
Mtsogolomu, NFC ikuyembekezeka kukhala yofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa umunthu ndi ntchito za digito. Ma wallet a digito amatha kusunga osati makadi olipira okha komanso makadi oyendera, makiyi agalimoto, makadi ozindikiritsa, matikiti a konsati, komanso makadi olowera ku ofesi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza kwa NFC mu unyolo woperekera katundu ndi kutsimikizira zinthu kukuyembekezeka kukula pamene kufunikira kwa kuwonekera poyera komanso kuletsa zinthu zabodza kukuwonjezeka.
Kuwonjezera pa mafoni am'manja, NFC imapezekanso kwambiri m'mawotchi ovala ngati ma watchwatch ndi ma smartband, zomwe zimathandiza kulipira kapena kupeza popanda kuchotsa foni. Kumbali ya mafakitale, kuphatikiza NFC ndi makina osungira deta omwe ali mumtambo kumapangitsa kuti kasamalidwe ka deta ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka deta kakhale kogwirizana, kosinthasintha, komanso kosavuta kusintha.
Mapeto
Ukadaulo wa Near Field Communication ndi njira yolumikizirana yopanda zingwe yomwe imaika patsogolo liwiro, kusavuta, komanso kugwirira ntchito limodzi. Ndi njira zitatu zazikulu—wowerenga/wolemba, kutsanzira makadi, ndi peer-to-peer—NFC ilipo m'mbali zambiri za moyo wamakono, makamaka malipiro osakhudzana ndi kukhudza, matikiti, kuwongolera mwayi, komanso automation yosavuta. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zachitetezo monga kuukira kwa relay kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ma tag, kukhazikitsa miyezo yachitetezo, tokenization, ndi zizolowezi zanzeru za ogwiritsa ntchito zimapangitsa NFC kukhala ukadaulo wodalirika komanso wosinthika nthawi zonse. Munthawi ya digito, NFC idzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu ngati "mlatho" pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi ntchito za digito zomwe zili zachangu, zotetezeka, komanso zothandiza.
