Mavuto a Network Infrastructure
Zomangamanga za netiweki ndiye maziko a zochitika zonse za digito masiku ano, kuyambira kulumikizana kwamkati mwa makampani ndi mautumiki aboma mpaka kuchita malonda azachuma ndi kuphunzira patali. Netiweki yokhazikika komanso yachangu imawonjezera zokolola, imawonjezera kuyankha, komanso imapereka chidziwitso chosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa kulumikizana komwe kumawoneka ngati "kogwira ntchito nthawi zonse" kuli zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo, zogwirira ntchito, komanso zanzeru. Zovuta za zomangamanga za netiweki zimakhudza osati mabizinesi akuluakulu okha komanso masukulu, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, mabungwe aboma, ndi opereka chithandizo cha intaneti. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zovuta zazikulu pakumanga, kuyang'anira, ndi kupanga zomangamanga za netiweki ndi zotsatira zake.
1. Kuwonjezeka kwa zofunikira pa bandwidth ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto
Chimodzi mwa zovuta zomwe zikuwonekeratu ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa bandwidth. Mapulogalamu amakono monga misonkhano yamavidiyo, mautumiki owonera makanema, machitidwe a ERP okhala ndi mitambo, ndi kusamutsa deta yayikulu zikuyendetsa kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti. Kukwera kumeneku nthawi zambiri sikofanana: nthawi zina zamabizinesi, pamisonkhano yayikulu pa intaneti, kapena panthawi ya kampeni yotsatsa malonda, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumatha kukwera kwambiri.
Ngati mphamvu ya netiweki sinakonzedwe bwino, zotsatira zake zitha kuphatikizapo kuchedwa kwambiri, kuletsa kulumikizana, kutsika kwa maulumikizidwe, komanso kuchepa kwa ubwino wautumiki. Mabungwe ayenera kukonzekera nthawi zonse mphamvu, kuyang'anira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikupanga njira monga kukweza maulumikizidwe, Ubwino wa Utumiki (QoS), ndi kulinganiza katundu kuti asunge bata la netiweki.
2. Kupezeka ndi kulekerera kochepa kwa nthawi yopuma
Ziyembekezo za ogwiritsa ntchito pakupezeka kwa netiweki zikuchulukirachulukira. Ngakhale mphindi zochepa za kusokonezeka zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, monga kulephera kwa malonda, kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito za anthu onse, kapena kusokonekera kwa njira zamabizinesi. Pazinthu zofunika kwambiri monga mabanki, zipatala, ndi ntchito zadzidzidzi, nthawi yopuma si nkhani yongofuna kuphweka, komanso chiopsezo cha ntchito ndi mbiri.
Vutoli limafuna kapangidwe ka netiweki komwe kumaphatikizapo kubwerezabwereza: kulumikizana kwa intaneti kawiri, zida zazikulu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zolephera, makina othandizira othandizira, ndi njira zowunikira maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku 7 pa sabata. Komabe, kupanga kubwerezabwereza kumafuna ndalama zowonjezera komanso zovuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, popanda kubwerezabwereza, mabungwe amakhala pachiwopsezo chosokonezeka ngati chipangizo chimodzi chachikulu chalephera.
3. Kuvuta kwa zomangamanga: kuyambira pamalopo mpaka ku hybrid ndi multi-cloud
Kale, ma network a mabungwe ambiri anali pakati pa malo osungira deta. Masiku ano, zomangamanga zikusinthira ku malo osakanikirana: mautumiki ena amakhalabe mkati kapena m'malo osungira deta, pomwe ena amakhala mumtambo wa anthu onse. Mabungwe ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito mitambo yambiri kuti apewe kudalira wogulitsa m'modzi.
Kusintha kumeneku kumawonjezera zovuta: njira zolumikizirana pakati pa malo, kulumikizana kwa VPN/SD-WAN, mfundo zachitetezo zokhazikika, kuphatikiza kudziwika, ndi kasamalidwe ka mwayi wofikira kutengera maudindo a ogwiritsa ntchito. Magulu a IT akuyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yautumiki wamtambo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana pakati pa malo kumakhala kotetezeka komanso kogwira ntchito. Kusintha kolakwika - mwachitsanzo, malamulo a firewall kapena njira zolumikizirana - kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwautumiki kapena kufooka kwa chitetezo.
4. Ziwopsezo zachitetezo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira
Chitetezo ndi vuto lalikulu pa zomangamanga za netiweki. Ziwopsezo monga kuukira kwa DDoS, ransomware, ziwopsezo za phishing zomwe zimayambitsa kulowerera kwa netiweki, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ziwopsezo za chipangizo zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Ziwopsezo zambiri zomwe zikuchitika pano zimagwiritsanso ntchito ziwopsezo zomwe zikuwoneka ngati "zosafunikira", monga mawu achinsinsi osasinthika, firmware yakale ya chipangizo, kapena madoko otseguka, osatetezedwa.
Kuwonjezera pa ziwopsezo zakunja, palinso zoopsa zamkati—zonse mwadala komanso zosafuna. Ogwiritsa ntchito kutsitsa mafayilo oyipa, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zaumwini popanda chilolezo (BYOD), kapena kusasintha bwino zinthu kungatsegule njira yoti pachitike zochitika. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo chamakono cha netiweki sichingadalire kokha ma perimeter firewall. Njira monga Zero Trust, kugawa ma netiweki, kutsimikizira zinthu zambiri, ndi kuyang'anira mosalekeza kwa log zikufunikira kwambiri.
5. Zofooka za bajeti ndi zofunika kwambiri pa ndalama
Kupanga netiweki yodalirika kumafuna ndalama mu zida (maswichi, ma rauta, ma firewall), zingwe ndi ma fiber optics, ma laisensi a mapulogalamu, ndi ntchito zonyamula. Komabe, mabungwe ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto a bajeti. Zotsatira zake, kukweza zida kumachedwa, mphamvu sizikuwonjezeka panthawi yake, kapena njira zowunikira sizikwanira.
Vutoli silikukhudza "ndalama zokwanira," komanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Atsogoleri nthawi zambiri amaona maukonde ngati ndalama, osati ndalama zoyendetsera bizinesi. Komabe, maukonde oipa amatha kukhala ndi ndalama zobisika: kuchepa kwa ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha zochitika, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa makasitomala. Chifukwa chake, magulu a IT ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopereka zifukwa zodziyimira pawokha pa bizinesi, mwachitsanzo, powerengera mtengo wa nthawi yopuma, zoopsa zachitetezo, komanso zabwino zogwirira ntchito bwino.
6. Kupezeka kwa akatswiri ndi kusowa kwa luso
Ukadaulo wa maukonde ukusintha mofulumira: virtualization, SDN (Software-Defined Networking), SD-WAN, cloud networking, komanso automation ndi observability. Si mabungwe onse omwe ali ndi anthu okwanira kuti agwirizane ndi kusinthaku. Kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito aluso kungayambitse mavuto pang'onopang'ono, ma configurations osakhazikika, komanso zolemba zosakhazikika.
Kupatula kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito, palinso zovuta pakusamutsa chidziwitso. Makina ambiri a netiweki amamangidwa kwa zaka zambiri, nthawi zina pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "patchwork". Mainjiniya omwe adapanga makina oyamba akapita patsogolo, bungweli limavutika kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake koyambirira. Kuthetsa izi kumafuna zolemba zabwino, miyezo yokonzera, maphunziro okhazikika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyang'anira zomwe zimachepetsa kudalira chidziwitso cha munthu payekha.
7. Kasamalidwe ka chipangizo ndi moyo wake nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa.
Zipangizo za netiweki zimakhala ndi moyo wautali. Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo, sizingalandirenso zosintha zachitetezo kapena kulephera kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amakono. Komabe, mabungwe ambiri akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zakale chifukwa "zimagwirirabe ntchito." Nayi vuto: zipangizo zomwe zimaoneka ngati zabwinobwino zimatha kukhala zofooka zachitetezo kapena zolepheretsa magwiridwe antchito.
Vuto lina ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo. Pamene chiwerengero cha zipangizo chikuwonjezeka—makamaka m'maofesi a nthambi—popanda dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino la zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, mabungwe amavutika kutsatira mitundu ya firmware, momwe chitsimikizo chilili, komanso momwe zinthu zilili panopa. Zotsatira zake, kukonzekera kukweza zinthu sikuthandiza ndipo chiopsezo cholephera chimawonjezeka.
8. Ubwino wa kulumikizana m'malo osiyanasiyana
Kwa mabungwe omwe ali ndi nthambi m'madera osiyanasiyana, mavuto a malo ndi ofunika kwambiri. Si malo onse omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza fiber optic kapena intaneti yokhazikika. Madera ena amadalirabe maulalo a wailesi kapena kulumikizana kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyengo, kusokonezeka kwa chingwe, komanso zoletsa za ogwira ntchito m'deralo zitha kusokoneza ntchito.
Muzochitika ngati izi, njira zothetsera mavuto ziyenera kukhala zosinthasintha: kugwiritsa ntchito maulalo angapo ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana, SD-WAN kuti musankhe njira yabwino kwambiri, kusungira zinthu zakomweko, komanso kukonzekera mapulogalamu oletsa kuchedwa. Komabe, njira zonsezi zimafuna kapangidwe kosamala komanso ndalama zina zowonjezera.
9. Kuyang'anira, kuwona, ndi kuthetsa mavuto ovuta
Ma network ovuta amafunika kuwonekera bwino. Popanda kuyang'aniridwa bwino, magulu a IT nthawi zambiri amapeza mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito akangodandaula. Ngakhale mavuto atapezeka, kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli kungakhale kotenga nthawi, makamaka ngati pali magulu angapo a ma network, ogulitsa osiyanasiyana, kapena kuphatikizana kwa mtambo.
Mavuto owunikira amakhudzananso ndi kuchuluka kwa deta ya zolemba. Dongosolo lotha kukonza zowerengera, zolemba, ndi njira zotsatirira zinthu m'njira yolinganizidwa likufunika. Kuwona kwamakono kumagogomezera mgwirizano pakati pa zizindikiro: kaya kuchepa kwa ntchito kumachitika chifukwa cha DNS, ulalo wodzaza, kuzima kwa ISP, kapena vuto la seva ya pulogalamu. Popanda zida zoyenera, kuthetsa mavuto kumakhala nkhani yongoganizira.
10. Kutsatira malamulo ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake
M'magawo ena, zomangamanga za netiweki ziyenera kutsatira malamulo enaake, monga okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha deta, kufufuza zachitetezo, ndi kusunga zolemba. Kutsatira malamulo kumawonjezera vuto lina: mfundo zopezera deta ziyenera kulembedwa, kusintha kwa kasinthidwe kuyenera kulembedwa, ndipo chitetezo chiyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo inayake.
Ulamuliro umaphatikizaponso kasamalidwe ka kusintha. Kusintha pang'ono pa njira zoyendetsera zinthu kapena ma firewall kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Popanda njira zabwino—kuyesa, kuvomereza, kusintha nthawi, ndi mapulani obwezera—chiwopsezo cha kusokonezeka chimawonjezeka.
Kutseka
Mavuto okhudzana ndi zomangamanga za netiweki akuphatikizapo mbali zaukadaulo, chitetezo, anthu, ndi njira zamabizinesi. Kuwonjezeka kwa zofunikira pa bandwidth, kufunikira kwa kupezeka, zovuta za hybrid ndi multi-cloud, ziwopsezo zachitetezo, komanso kuchepa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi bajeti ndi nkhani zazikulu zomwe zimabuka nthawi zambiri. Yankho labwino kwambiri silimaphatikizapo kugula zida zamakono, koma kapangidwe ka netiweki koganizira bwino, kumanga malo oyenera owonjezera, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha magawo, ndikuwonjezera kuwonetsetsa. Ndi njira yoyenera, zomangamanga za netiweki zitha kukhala maziko olimba a kusintha kwa digito ndi kukula kwa bungwe mtsogolo.
