Zotsatira za Kuchedwa mu Ma Networks
Pendauluan
Kuchedwa kwa intaneti nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa pakugwira ntchito kwa intaneti ndi intaneti. Mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa bandwidth kapena liwiro la kutsitsa, kuchedwa kumatha kukhudza kwambiri mtundu wa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo, makamaka pankhani ya mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira nthawi yoyankha mwachangu, monga masewera apaintaneti, kuwonera makanema, ndi misonkhano yamavidiyo. Nkhaniyi ikambirana za kuchedwa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza, komanso momwe mungachepetsere kuchedwa kwa intaneti.
Kodi Kuchedwa N'chiyani?
Kuchedwa, pankhani ya maukonde, ndi nthawi yomwe deta imatenga kuti iyende kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina. Kuchedwa nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa mu ma millisecond (ms) chifukwa kuyenda kwa deta mkati mwa netiweki nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kuchedwa komwe kumayesedwa kawirikawiri, kuphatikizapo:
1. Kuchedwa kwa njira imodzi: Nthawi yomwe deta imafunika kuti iyende kuchokera kwa wotumiza kupita kwa wolandila.
2. Kuchedwa kwa ulendo wobwerera: Nthawi yonse yomwe deta imafunika kuti iyende kuchokera kwa wotumiza kupita kwa wolandira ndikubwerera kwa wotumiza.
Latency ndi imodzi mwa njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa magwiridwe antchito a netiweki, limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma bandwidth ndi kutayika kwa paketi.
N’chifukwa Chiyani Kuchedwa N’kofunika?
Kuchedwa ndikofunikira chifukwa kungakhudze kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo pa mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana. Zina mwa zotsatira zodziwika bwino za kuchedwa kwakukulu ndi izi:
1. Zochitika pa Masewera a Pa intaneti
M'masewera apa intaneti, makamaka masewera owombera munthu woyamba (FPS) kapena masewera a real-time strategy (RTS), kuchedwa kwambiri kungayambitse "kuchedwa," komwe zochita za osewera zimachedwetsedwa. Izi sizimangopanga masewera osasangalatsa komanso zitha kuvulaza osewera omwe ali pampikisano.
2. Kuwonera Makanema ndi Misonkhano ya Makanema
Kuchedwa kwambiri kungayambitse kuchedwa kapena kuchedwa kuonera kanema. Pamisonkhano ya pakompyuta, kuchedwa kwambiri kungayambitse kuchedwa kwa mawu ndi makanema, kusokoneza kulumikizana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa ophunzira.
3. Mapulogalamu Ochokera ku Mitambo
Mapulogalamu opangidwa ndi mitambo monga Google Docs kapena ntchito zosungira deta pa intaneti zimadalira kwambiri mayankho achangu a seva. Kuchedwa kwambiri kungayambitse nthawi yotsitsa katundu pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa kupanga bwino ntchito komanso kugwira ntchito bwino.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchedwa
Zinthu zingapo zingakhudze nthawi yochedwa mu netiweki, kuphatikizapo:
1. Kutalika Kwathupi
Deta iyenera kuyenda kudzera mu njira yeniyeni monga chingwe cha fiber optic kapena satellite. Mtunda weniweni pakati pa wotumiza ndi wolandila ukakhala waukulu, kuchedwa kumakhala kwakukulu.
2. Chiwerengero cha Hops
Kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zapaintaneti (monga ma rauta ndi ma switch) zomwe deta imadutsamo kungakhudze nthawi yochedwa. Hop iliyonse imawonjezera nthawi yochepa yokonza, kotero hop zambiri zimakhalanso zazikulu.
3. Kuchulukana kwa maukonde
Kuchulukana kwa magalimoto pa netiweki kungawonjezere nthawi yomwe deta imatenga kuti ifike komwe ikupita chifukwa deta iyenera kuyimitsidwa kuti ikonzedwe.
4. Kugwira Ntchito kwa Chipangizo cha Netiweki
Mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida za netiweki, monga ma rauta, ma switch, ndi ma seva, zimathandizanso kwambiri pakuzindikira kuchedwa. Zipangizo zothamanga komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri zimatha kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito deta.
5. Ma Protocol ndi Kasinthidwe ka Network
Ma protocol a network monga TCP/IP amagwira ntchito mwanjira yapadera yomwe imatha kuwonjezera kuchedwa pang'ono chifukwa cha zofunikira zawo zotsimikizira ndi kulumikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma configurations osakwanira, monga ma setting a DNS ochedwa, amathanso kuwonjezera kuchedwa.
Momwe Mungachepetsere Kuchedwa
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera kuchedwa mu netiweki, kuphatikizapo:
1. Kukonza Njira za Netiweki
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa deta ya hops yomwe iyenera kuyenda kungathandize kuchepetsa kuchedwa. Izi zitha kuchitika posankha njira zazifupi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo monga MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) kuti njira ziziyenda bwino.
2. Sinthani Zipangizo Za Network
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma routers apamwamba komanso othamanga kwambiri, ma switch, ndi ma seva kungathandize kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito deta nthawi iliyonse.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito CDN (Content Delivery Network)
CDN imatha kugawa makope a deta ku ma seva angapo m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuti deta ipezeke kuchokera ku seva yapafupi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kuti achepetse kuchedwa.
4. Kuwonjezeka kwa Bandwidth
Ngakhale kuti kukulitsa bandwidth sikuchepetsa kuchedwa mwachindunji, kungachepetse kutsekeka kwa ma network, komwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchedwa kwakukulu.
5. Kusankha Mwachangu kwa Protocol
Ma protocol monga HTTP/2 kapena QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) angathandize kuchepetsa kuchedwa poyerekeza ndi ma protocol wamba monga HTTP/1.1.
Phunziro la Nkhani: Kukhazikitsa mu Makampani
1. Masewera
Makampani ambiri amasewera monga Blizzard ndi Riot Games amagwiritsa ntchito ma seva am'deralo komanso kukonza njira zolumikizira ma netiweki kuti atsimikizire kuti osewera akupeza kuchedwa kochepa kwambiri.
2. Kuwonera Zamkati
Mapulatifomu monga Netflix ndi YouTube amagwiritsa ntchito ma CDN kuti atsimikizire kuti zomwe zili mkati mwa seva zomwe zili pafupi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito zikupezeka, zomwe zimachepetsa kusungidwa kwa deta ndikukweza mtundu wa kuwonera.
3. Ntchito za Mtambo
Makampani monga Google ndi Microsoft amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde achinsinsi a fiber optic ndi ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wokonza maukonde kuti achepetse kuchedwa ndikuwonjezera kuyankha kwa mapulogalamu opangidwa ndi mitambo.
Mapeto
Kuchedwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza ubwino wa ntchito ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akumana nazo mu mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana a netiweki. Mwa kukonza njira za netiweki, kukweza zida, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma CDN ndi ma protocol ogwira ntchito bwino, kuchedwa kumatha kuchepetsedwa kuti pakhale chidziwitso chabwino cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera kuchedwa ndikofunikira kwa opereka chithandizo komanso ogwiritsa ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti magwiridwe antchito a netiweki amakwaniritsa miyezo yomwe akufuna.
