Mkhalidwe woyamba wa kulinganiza kwa thupi lolimba :
Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton limati ngati mphamvu yochokera pa chinthu (chinthucho chimaonedwa ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono) siili yofanana ndi zero, ndiye kuti chinthucho chidzayenda mofulumira nthawi zonse pomwe njira yoyendetsera chinthucho ndi yofanana ndi njira yoyendetsera mphamvu yochokera. Ngati mphamvu yochokera pa chinthucho ndi zero, ndiye kuti chinthucho chili pamalo opumulira kapena chinthucho chikuyenda pa liwiro losasintha.
Chinthu chikakhala chilili kapena chikuyenda pa liwiro losasintha, chinthucho sichikhala ndi liwiro lofulumira (a). Chifukwa chakuti liwiro (a) = 0, equation yomwe ili pamwambapa imasintha kukhala:
Equation iyi ikhoza kugawidwa m'zigawo zake pa x-axis, y-axis ndi z-axis.
Ngati mphamvu zimagwira ntchito mopingasa kokha, ndiye kuti equation 1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mphamvu zimagwira ntchito mopingasa kokha, ndiye kuti equation 2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mphamvu zimagwira ntchito pa ndege (magawo awiri), ndiye kuti equation 1 ndi 2 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mphamvu zimagwira ntchito mu malo (magawo atatu), ndiye kuti equation 1, 2 ndi 3 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa vekitala, ili ndi kukula kwake komanso komwe ikupita. Ponena za ma coordinates a Cartesian (x, y, ndi z) ndipo malinga ndi malamulo, ngati mphamvuyo ili yofanana ndi x-axis yoyipa (kumanzere) kapena mphamvuyo ili yofanana ndi y-axis yoyipa (pansi), ndiye kuti mphamvuyo ndi yoyipa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mphamvuyo ili yofanana ndi x-axis yoyipa (kumanja) kapena mphamvuyo ili yofanana ndi y-axis yoyipa (mmwamba), ndiye kuti mphamvuyo ndi yoyipa.
Chitsanzo 1.
Mawu ofotokozera:
F = mphamvu yokoka, fg = mphamvu yokoka, N = mphamvu yachibadwa, w = mphamvu yokoka, m = kulemera, g = kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka.
Chinthu chimakhala pamalo ake chifukwa mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chinthucho ndi zero.
Unikani mphamvu iliyonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chinthucho.
Mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mopingasa (x-axis):
Mphamvu yokoka (F) ndi mphamvu yokoka (f)g) ali ndi kukula kofanana koma mbali zosiyana. Kulunjika kwa mphamvu yokoka kuli kumanja kapena motsatira x-axis yabwino (mphamvu yabwino), mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kulunjika kwa mphamvu yokoka kuli kumanzere kapena motsatira x-axis yoipa (chizindikiro choipa). Chifukwa kukula kwa mphamvu zonse ziwiri ndi kofanana (koimiridwa ndi kutalika komweko kwa muvi) ndipo kulunjika kwa mphamvu zonse ziwiri ndi kosiyana, chiwerengero cha mphamvu ziwirizi ndi chofanana ndi zero.
Mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito molunjika (y-axis):
Pa gawo loyima (y-axis) pali mphamvu yokoka (w) ndi mphamvu yachibadwa (N). Kulunjika kwa mphamvu yokoka kumakhala kolunjika pakati pa Dziko Lapansi kapena kulunjika kwa y-axis yoyipa (mphamvu yokhala ndi chizindikiro choyipa), pomwe mphamvu yachibadwa imakhala kulunjika kwa y-axis yoyipa (mphamvu yokhala ndi chizindikiro choyipa). Kukula kwa mphamvu ziwirizi ndi komweko koma njira zawo ndi zosiyana, kotero mphamvu ziwirizi zimatsutsana.
Chinthu chomwe chili pachitsanzo pamwambapa chili pamalo opumulira chifukwa mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chinthucho, pa mzere wopingasa ndi mzere wolunjika, ndi yofanana ndi zero.
Chitsanzo 2.
Mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu zabwinobwino zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chinthuchi sizikuwonetsedwa chifukwa zimasiyana. Ngati mphamvu F igwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto onse a chinthucho monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, kukula kwa mphamvu ziwirizi kumakhala kofanana koma kosiyana. Kodi chinthucho chidzakhalabe choyima?
Kuti mumvetse izi, ikani buku patebulo. Poyamba bukuli silili bwino chifukwa mphamvu yomwe imabwera pa bukuli ndi zero. Kenako, ikani mphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri za bukuli, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi. Ngati mphamvu yagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa bukuli ndi kukula ndi malangizo monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, izi ndi zofanana ndi kuzungulira bukuli ndipo ndithudi bukuli lidzazungulira. Bukuli limazungulira chifukwa pali mphamvu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha mphamvu F. Mzere wozungulira uli pakati pa bukuli. Ngati palibe mphamvu yokangana yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chinthucho, mphamvu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi chiwerengero cha mphindi zomwe mphamvu imapangidwa ndi mphamvu ziwiri F. Njira yozungulira chinthucho ndi yozungulira wotchi kotero kuti mphindi zonse ziwiri za mphamvu zimakhala zoipa.
Mkhalidwe wachiwiri wa kulinganiza kwa thupi lolimba
Kutengera chitsanzo chachiwiri pamwambapa, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti ngati mphindi yochokera ya mphamvu pa chinthu si zero (chinthucho chimaonedwa ngati chinthu cholimba), ndiye kuti chinthucho chidzazungulira.
Kuti chinthu chisazungulire (osasuntha), mphindi ya mphamvu yomwe imabwera iyenera kukhala zero. Chinthu chikasazunguliridwa, sichikhala ndi acceleration ya angular. Chifukwa acceleration ya angular ndi zero, equation yomwe ili pamwambapa imasintha kukhala:
Phunzirani zitsanzo za mavuto a tinthu tofanana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zitsanzo za mavuto olimba a thupi.
