Lingaliro la Chilungamo cha Anthu mu Anthu
Chilungamo cha anthu ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe imayamikiridwa kwambiri m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana andale, azamalamulo, ndi azachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Lingaliroli silimangotanthauza kugawa ufulu ndi maudindo mofanana pakati pa anthu ammudzi komanso limaphatikizapo kuyesetsa kuthana ndi kusalingana komwe kulipo pakati pa anthu, zachuma, ndi ndale. Nkhaniyi ifufuza bwino lingaliro la chilungamo cha anthu, kufunika kwake m'madera ammudzi, komanso zovuta ndi njira zochigwiritsira ntchito.
Kumvetsetsa Chilungamo cha Anthu
Kawirikawiri, chilungamo cha anthu chimatanthauza kufanana pa ufulu wa anthu, mwayi, ndi kuchitiridwa zinthu pakati pa anthu m'dera. Aristotle nthawi ina anati "chilungamo ndi kuika chilichonse m'malo mwake." Mu nkhani ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, tanthauzo limeneli limafotokoza momveka bwino kuti munthu aliyense ayenera kupatsidwa ufulu wofanana wolankhula, kugwira ntchito, kukhala ndi maganizo, ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa zofunika popanda kusankhana.
John Rawls, katswiri wa zandale wa ku America, ndi m'modzi mwa anthu omwe adathandizira kwambiri chiphunzitso cha chilungamo cha anthu. M'buku lake lakuti "A Theory of Justice," Rawls adayambitsa mfundo ziwiri za chilungamo: Mfundo ya Ufulu Wofanana ndi Mfundo Yosiyana. Mfundo ya Ufulu Wofanana imati aliyense ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi ufulu wofunikira kwambiri womwe umagwirizana ndi ufulu womwewo kwa ena. Pakadali pano, Mfundo ya Kusiyana imalola kusalingana kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe pokhapokha ngati kusalingana kumeneku kumapindulitsa omwe ali ndi mwayi wochepa.
Kufunika kwa Chilungamo Cha Anthu
Chilungamo cha anthu chili ndi ntchito zingapo zofunika m'gulu la anthu:
1. Kulimbikitsa Kufanana: Ndi chilungamo cha anthu, munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wopeza mwayi wofanana m'magawo a maphunziro, ntchito, ndi moyo wokhazikika.
2. Kuchepetsa Kusalingana: Chilungamo cha anthu chimagwira ntchito ngati chida chothetsera kusalingana kwa anthu pa nkhani za chikhalidwe ndi zachuma m'dera. Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera mu kugawa chuma, kupezeka kwa mautumiki aboma, komanso chitetezo cha anthu.
3. Kulimbitsa Demokalase: Demokalase yathanzi ingapambane pokhapokha ngati pali chilungamo cha anthu. Ngati anthu akuona kuti akuchitiridwa zinthu mwachilungamo, amakhala ndi mwayi wochita nawo demokalase.
4. Kuchepetsa Mikangano ya Anthu: Kusalungama nthawi zambiri kumakhala gwero la mikangano yosiyanasiyana ya anthu. Mwa kupanga dongosolo lolungama, kuthekera kwa mikangano kungachepe.
5. Kulimbikitsa Ubwino wa Anthu: Chilungamo cha anthu chimathandiza pa ubwino wa anthu onse kudzera mu kukakamiza ufulu wa anthu komanso kutenga nawo mbali pakugawa zinthu mofanana.
Vuto la Chilungamo Cha Anthu
Kukwaniritsa chilungamo cha anthu ndi njira yovuta ndipo ikukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, ena mwa iwo ndi awa:
1. Kusalingana mu Chuma ndi Mphamvu: Kusalingana mu chuma ndi mphamvu ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu pakukwaniritsa chilungamo cha anthu. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri akuyesetsa kugawa zinthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, anthu ambiri akukhalabe pansi pa mzere wa umphawi.
2. Tsankho: Tsankho lochokera ku mtundu, jenda, fuko, chipembedzo, kapena chikhalidwe china likupitirirabe kufala m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi. Izi zikulepheretsa kuti pakhale kufanana ndi chilungamo.
3. Kusowa Mwayi Wopeza Maphunziro ndi Chisamaliro Chaumoyo: Maphunziro ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo chosayenera zimayambitsa umphawi kwa iwo omwe alibe mwayi wokwanira. Popanda maphunziro abwino, zimakhala zovuta kuti anthu athawe umphawi.
4. Ziphuphu: Ziphuphu m'boma ndi m'mabungwe achinsinsi zimafooketsa khama lokhazikitsa chilungamo cha anthu. Ziphuphu zimapangitsa kusalingana mwa kupindulitsa ochepa ndikuvulaza anthu ambiri.
5. Mikangano ndi Kusakhazikika kwa Ndale: M'malo ambiri, mikangano ndi kusakhazikika kwa ndale zimasokoneza njira yoyendetsera chilungamo cha anthu. Maboma osakhazikika amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhazikitsa mfundo zolungama komanso zokhazikika.
Ndondomeko Yokhazikitsa Chilungamo cha Anthu
Kukhazikitsa chilungamo cha anthu kumafuna njira yokwanira komanso yokhazikika. Nazi njira zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:
1. Ndondomeko Yogawa Ndalama: Boma likhoza kukhazikitsa mfundo zogawa chuma kudzera mu misonkho yopita patsogolo, ndalama zothandizira, ndi mapulogalamu achitetezo cha anthu. Ndalama za msonkho zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za boma ndikuthandizira anthu osauka.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wopeza maphunziro: Kupereka maphunziro abwino komanso otsika mtengo kwa anthu onse ndikofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa chilungamo cha anthu. Mapulogalamu a maphunziro, masukulu aulere, ndi malo ophunzirira abwino angathandize kwambiri.
3. Dongosolo la Zaumoyo Lophatikiza Anthu Onse: Kuonjezera mwayi wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala kudzera mu inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zipatala, ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, kudzathandiza kupanga chikhalidwe chathanzi komanso cholungama.
4. Kukhazikitsa Malamulo Mwachilungamo: Anthu angathe kupeza chilungamo cha anthu pokhapokha ngati lamuloli likugwira ntchito kwa onse mosasankha. Kusintha njira yolankhulirana yowonekera bwino komanso yopanda ziphuphu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri.
5. Kulimbikitsa Anthu Omwe Ali M'dera: Anthu a m'dera ayenera kupatsidwa mpata wochita nawo zisankho zomwe zimakhudza miyoyo yawo. Kudzera m'magulu kapena mabungwe ammudzi, anthu a m'dera akhoza kukhala ndi mawu pa mfundo za boma.
6. Kuteteza Ufulu Wachibadwidwe: Kuteteza ufulu wachibadwidwe mwalamulo n'kofunika kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyesetsa kuthetsa tsankho ndikuonetsetsa kuti anthu onse akuchitiridwa ulemu ndi ulemu.
Maphunziro a Nkhani: Kukhazikitsa Chilungamo cha Anthu M'mayiko Osiyanasiyana
– Sweden: Yodziwika ndi njira yake yothandiza anthu ambiri, Sweden yakhazikitsa bwino mfundo zachilungamo cha anthu kudzera mu kugawa chuma kudzera mu misonkho yokwera, maphunziro aulere, komanso chisamaliro chaumoyo kwa onse.
– Canada: Canada ikugwiritsanso ntchito mfundo zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsa chilungamo cha anthu, monga mapulogalamu olimba a chitetezo cha anthu, mfundo zotsutsana ndi tsankho, komanso mwayi wopeza maphunziro ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo.
– Brazil: Ngakhale kuti ikukumana ndi mavuto ambiri, Brazil yapita patsogolo pang'ono pokwaniritsa chilungamo cha anthu kudzera mu mapulogalamu othandiza anthu komanso njira zochepetsera umphawi, ngakhale kuti padakali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitike.
Mapeto
Chilungamo cha anthu ndi chinsinsi chofunikira kwambiri popanga chikhalidwe cha anthu cholungama komanso chotukuka. Ngakhale kuti mavuto ndi ambiri komanso ovuta, okhala ndi chifuniro champhamvu cha ndale, mfundo zoyenera, komanso kutenga nawo mbali mwachangu kwa magulu onse a anthu, chilungamo cha anthu si maloto osatheka. Kudzera mu khama lapagulu komanso lokhazikika, ndi pamene tingayesetse kukhala ndi dziko lomwe munthu aliyense adzayamikiridwa ndikuchitiridwa zinthu mwachilungamo.
