Njira Yopangira Sensor ya Zala Pa Screen
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa mafoni a m'manja m'zaka khumi zapitazi sikunangoyang'ana kwambiri pakukonza makamera ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwirira ntchito ndi chipangizochi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zatsopano kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa zowunikira zala zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Ngakhale kuti zowunikira zala kale zinkayikidwa pa batani lapakhomo, kumbuyo, kapena mbali ya thupi, mafoni ambiri amakono tsopano ali nazo pansi pa chiwonetsero. Ukadaulo uwu umalola kapangidwe ka skrini yonse (ma bezel owonda) pomwe umaperekabe chitetezo chothandiza cha biometric. Ndiye, kodi njira yopangira chowunikira chala chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndi chiyani? Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zaukadaulo, kupanga, ndi kuyesa kwabwino.
1. Mvetsetsani mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya Sensor ya Zala pa Screen
Musanayambe kupanga, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya masensa a zala omwe ali pazenera:
1. Kuwala (kowala)
Sensa iyi imagwira ntchito ngati "kamera kakang'ono" kumbuyo kwa sikirini. Chala chikakhudza dera la sensa, sikiriniyo imatulutsa kuwala (nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku gulu la OLED/AMOLED), ndipo sensayo imagwira ntchito yowunikira zala. Kenako sikirini iyi imasinthidwa kukhala deta ya biometric.
2. Akupanga
Masensa opangidwa ndi ma ultrasound amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kwambiri kuti "awonetse" mawonekedwe a chala chala. Njirayi imatha kuwerenga mozama, kuphatikizapo tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe ka khungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi zambiri likhale lolondola komanso lovuta kupusitsa kuposa masensa opangidwa ndi ma ultraviolet.
Ukadaulo uliwonse uli ndi zotsatira pa njira yopangira: masensa owonera nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta komanso otsika mtengo, pomwe ma ultrasonic amafuna zinthu zovuta kwambiri komanso kuwerengera.
2. Gawo la Kapangidwe: Kufotokozera Mafotokozedwe ndi Kuphatikiza
Njira yopangira imayamba kale fakitale isanapange chinthu. Panthawi yopanga ndi kupanga, opanga zida (OEMs) amagwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa masensa kuti afotokoze zofunikira monga:
- Kukula ndi makulidwe a gawo la sensor
- Malo ojambulira ogwira ntchito (monga 8×8 mm kapena kupitirira)
- Liwiro la kuwerenga ndi mulingo wolondola
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu
- Malo a sensa pansi pa chinsalu (nthawi zambiri pansi pakati)
- Kugwirizana ndi mitundu ya mapanelo a pazenera (OLED/AMOLED ndizofala kwambiri chifukwa zimatha kutulutsa kuwala pa pixel iliyonse)
Pa gawoli, kuganiziranso momwe sensa idzalumikizidwire ku bolodi la amayi, momwe chingwe chosinthasintha chidzakhazikitsire, komanso momwe pulogalamuyo idzagwiritsire ntchito deta ya zala mosamala.
3. Kupanga Masensa a Sensor: Kuchokera ku Wafer kupita ku Chip
Masensa onse a kuwala ndi a ultrasound nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi njira yopangira ma semiconductor. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:
1. Kupanga pa wafer (kupanga ma circuit pa wafer wa silicon)
Mafakitale opanga ma semiconductor amasindikiza ma microcircuit pogwiritsa ntchito photolithography. Mapangidwe a ma circuit amapangidwa ndi zigawo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyika, kupukuta, ndi kuyika ma ion.
2. Kuduladula (kudula ma wafer kukhala tchipisi)
Akamaliza kupukuta, amadulidwa m'zidutswa zazing'ono malinga ndi kukula kwa sensa.
3. Kupaka (kupaka kwa chip)
Chipcho chimakulungidwa kuti chitetezedwe ndikuthandizira kuyika mu chipangizocho. Pa siteji iyi, kulumikizana kwa magetsi kumapangidwa kudzera mu waya kapena flip-chip, kutengera kapangidwe kake. Kuyika kumazindikiranso kukana kutentha, kupanikizika, ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Pa masensa a ultrasonic, gawoli likhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zotumizira ndi zolandirira zamagetsi, komanso dera lokonzekera ma signal (kutsogolo). Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta kwambiri kuposa masensa a kuwala, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sensa yodzipangira zithunzi ndi magalasi/ma optics osavuta pansi pa chiwonetserocho.
4. Kupanga Chigawo Chothandizira cha Optical kapena Acoustic
Chojambulira chala chomwe chili pazenera sichigwira ntchito chokha. Chimafuna gawo lothandizira kuti chizindikiro (chowala kapena mafunde a ultrasound) chidutse bwino.
Za masensa owonera
"Njira yowunikira" yoyenera ikufunika:
- Chitsogozo cha kuwala kapena gawo lowongolera kuwala (m'mapangidwe ena)
- Lens yaying'ono yowunikira chala chala pa sensa
- Zinthu zomatira (OCA/zomatira zowonekera bwino) zomwe zimasunga mawonekedwe owonekera komanso zimachepetsa kusokonekera
Popeza sensa ili pansi pa gululo, kuwala komwe kwajambulidwa kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka kuwala ndi kusankha zinthu ziyenera kutsimikizira chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha zala.
Za masensa a ultrasound
Chofunika kwambiri ndi "njira ya mawu":
- Gawo lomwe limatha kutumiza mafunde a ultrasound mokhazikika
- Zomatira zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mawu
- Kapangidwe kothandizira makina kuti kupanikizika kuchokera ku zala kusawononge gawoli
Chigawo chilichonse chomwe chimayamwa kwambiri kapena chowunikira kwambiri chidzachepetsa ubwino wa scan, kotero kuwongolera zinthu pa siteji iyi ndi kokhwima kwambiri.
5. Kuphatikiza ndi Display Panel: Kuyika ndi Kupaka
Gawo lotsatira lofunika kwambiri ndikuphatikiza gawo la sensa ndi chiwonetsero. Izi zimachitika pamalo osonkhanitsira gawo la chiwonetsero kapena pamzere wosonkhanitsira foni, kutengera unyolo woperekera wa wopanga.
Njira zonse zomwe zimachitika:
1. Kudziwa malo a sensa pa bolodi
Pa masensa owonera, mapanelo a OLED nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti dera la sensa lili ndi mawonekedwe oyenera otumizira kuwala. Mu mapangidwe ena, kuchuluka kwa ma pixel kapena kapangidwe ka sub-pixel mkati mwa dera la sensa kumatha kukonzedwanso.
2. Kuyika kwa gawo la sensa
Ma module amayikidwa pansi pa malo enaake, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma jig olondola kuti atsimikizire malo olondola. Kulekerera kwa kusintha kungakhale kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo.
3. Kupaka utoto
Sensa ndi zigawo zogwirizana nazo zimamatiridwa pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito guluu wapadera. Njira yothira lamination iyenera kupewa:
- thovu la mpweya
- fumbi
- kusakhazikika kwa makulidwe a guluu
Chifukwa zonsezi zitha kuchepetsa kulondola kwa kuwerenga kwa zala.
4. Kukhazikitsa zolumikizira zosinthasintha
Moduleyi imalumikizidwa ku mainboard kudzera mu chingwe chopindika. Chingwechi chiyenera kupirira kutentha ndi kupsinjika kwa ntchito.
6. Udindo wa Mapulogalamu ndi Chitetezo
Masensa a zala si a zipangizo zokha. Kumbali ya mapulogalamu, pali njira yofunika kwambiri:
- Kupanga template ya chala pamene wogwiritsa ntchito amalembetsa chala
- Kuchotsa zinthu (zochepa) kuchokera ku zithunzi kapena mamapu a ultrasound
- Kufananiza mwachangu komanso motetezeka
- Kusunga kotetezeka mu zida zachitetezo monga Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) kapena Secure Enclave/secure element
Pakupanga, firmware ya sensor ndi madalaivala a operating system ayenera kufanana ndi mawonekedwe a sensor. Kusiyana pang'ono mu module kapena chiwonetsero kungafunike magawo owerengera mwamakonda.
7. Kulinganiza pa Mzere Wopangira: Zipangizo Zofananira ndi Zowonetsera
Chipangizocho chikayikidwa, foni imayesedwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti sensa ikugwira ntchito bwino. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Linganizani mphamvu ya kuwala (ya masensa owonera) kuti kuwala kwa sikirini kukhale kokwanira koma kusawononge mphamvu.
- Sinthani kuchuluka kwa phokoso ndi phokoso pa sensa kuti chithunzicho chisakhale chakuda kwambiri/chowala kwambiri
- Kuthamanga ndi kuwerengera chizindikiro (kwa ultrasound) kuti mafunde aziwerengedwa mosalekeza pa matenda osiyanasiyana a khungu.
- Kusintha kwa njira yoletsa kulephera, monga zala zikanyowa, mafuta, kapena chophimba chikadadetsedwa pang'ono
Kulinganiza kumachitika zokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyesera ndi mapulogalamu a fakitale, ndipo zotsatira zake zimasungidwa ngati magawo a chipangizocho.
8. Kuyesa Kwabwino: Kulondola, Kulimba, ndi Kusasinthasintha
Foni isanatumizidwe, gawo la sensa liyenera kupambana mayeso angapo, mwachitsanzo:
– Chiŵerengero Chovomerezeka Chabodza (FAR): kangati dongosolo limalandira molakwika chala chomwe sichili cha mwiniwake.
– Chiŵerengero Chokana Chabodza (FRR): kangati makinawo amakana chala cholondola cha mwiniwake.
- Yesani pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana: zala zouma, zonyowa, zotuluka thukuta, kapena zafumbi
- Yesani kukana kusintha kwa kutentha, chinyezi, kupanikizika mobwerezabwereza, ndi kukalamba kwa zinthu zomatira.
- Kuyesa kugwetsa ndi kupotoza chipangizocho kuti muwonetsetse kuti gawolo silisuntha
Kuphatikiza apo, opanga amafufuza ngati pali kugwirizana pakati pa mayunitsi. Chojambulira chala chomwe chili pazenera chiyenera kugwira ntchito mofanana m'mayunitsi zikwizikwi, ngakhale mamiliyoni ambiri, ngakhale kusiyana pang'ono pa chiwonetsero ndi zigawo zake.
9. Mavuto Akuluakulu Pakupanga Sensor Yosindikizira Zala Pa Screen
Ukadaulo uwu uli ndi zovuta zake zapadera:
– Chizindikirocho chiyenera kulowa pazenera, kuti mtundu wa kuwerengera ukhale wogwirizana ndi zinthu ndi makulidwe a chophimbacho.
– Kapangidwe kowonda: malo amkati mwa foni ndi ochepa, kotero gawoli liyenera kukhala laling'ono kwambiri.
– Ndalama zopangira: masensa a ultrasound ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, pomwe masensa a kuwala amafunikira kukonza pazenera kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino.
– Chitetezo: chiyenera kukhala cholimba ku zoyeserera zabodza (zachinyengo), mwachitsanzo zithunzi, zosindikizidwa, kapena zinthu za silikoni.
Chifukwa chake, njira yopangira sikuti imangokhala yokhazikitsa masensa okha, komanso yolinganiza kapangidwe, zipangizo, mapulogalamu, ndi mayeso kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zachangu komanso zotetezeka.
Mapeto
Njira yopangira sensa ya zala zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuphatikiza kovuta kwa kupanga ma semiconductor, uinjiniya wazinthu, kuphatikiza ma panel owonetsera, ndi kupanga mapulogalamu achitetezo. Kuyambira kupanga ma chip pa wafer, kudzera mu ma module packing, optical kapena acoustic layer assembly, kulondola kwa lamination pansi pa chiwonetsero, mpaka ma calibrations angapo ndi kuyesa kwabwino—zonse ziyenera kuchitika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Zotsatira zake ndi mawonekedwe a biometric omwe ndi othandiza, amathandizira mapangidwe amakono amafoni opanda mabatani, komanso amasunga chitetezo cha deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito.
Ngati mukufuna, nditha kupanganso mtundu waukadaulo wa nkhaniyi (monga kukambirana za photolithography, OCA, kapena FAR/FRR parameters mwatsatanetsatane) kapena mtundu wotchuka kwambiri kwa owerenga ambiri.
