Kupanga ndi Mbiri ya Chifaniziro cha Ufulu
Chifaniziro cha Ufulu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadziwika kuti "Ufulu Wounikira Dziko Lonse," ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Chili pa chilumba cha Liberty ku New York Harbor, USA, chakhala chizindikiro cha ufulu, chiyembekezo, ndi mwayi kwa anthu ambiri omwe amachiwona. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mbiri ndi kulengedwa kwa Chifaniziro cha Ufulu, komanso tanthauzo lake lalikulu komanso mphamvu zake.
Mbiri ya Chifaniziro cha Ufulu
Chifaniziro cha Ufulu chinali mphatso yochokera kwa anthu aku France kupita ku United States, kukumbukira zaka zana za ufulu wa America komanso kukondwerera ubwenzi pakati pa mayiko awiriwa. Lingaliroli linaperekedwa koyamba ndi Édouard René de Laboulaye, katswiri wa zamalamulo komanso wasayansi wandale waku France, yemwe adawona mphatso yophiphiritsa iyi ngati umboni wa ubwenzi ndi kudzipereka ku mfundo za ufulu ndi demokalase zomwe mayiko onse awiriwa amachirikiza.
Ntchitoyi inayamba mu 1865, zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuchokera pamene nkhondo yapachiweniweni ya ku America inatha, pamene Laboulaye anapereka lingaliroli kwa katswiri wodziwika bwino wa ku France Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi. Bartholdi anavomera kutsogolera ntchitoyi ndipo anayamba kupanga chifaniziro chomwe chidzakhala chimodzi mwa zipilala zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupanga Chifaniziro cha Ufulu
Kapangidwe ndi Kusonkhanitsa Ndalama
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi adapanga chifanizirochi chosonyeza mkazi atavala mkanjo wamakono, dzanja lake lamanja likugwira nyali yoyaka ngati chizindikiro cha kuunikiridwa ndipo dzanja lake lamanzere likugwira piritsi lolembedwa kuti “JULY IV MDCCLXXVI” (Julayi 4, 1776), chikumbutso cha ufulu wa United States. Pamapazi a chifanizirocho pali maunyolo osweka, osonyeza ufulu ku ukapolo ndi nkhanza.
Kuti cholinga chachikuluchi chikwaniritsidwe, panafunika ndalama zambiri. Ku France, ndalamazo zinkasonkhanitsidwa makamaka kudzera m'zopereka zachinsinsi, malotale, ndi ziwonetsero zaluso. Pakadali pano, ku United States, ntchito zopezera ndalama zinaphatikizapo kampeni ya magazini ya Joseph Pulitzer ya "New York World" yolimbikitsa anthu aku America kuti athandize pa ntchitoyi yaikuluyi.
Kupanga ndi Kumanga ku France
Ntchito yomanga chifanizirochi inayamba ku France mu 1875 ndipo inatha mu 1884. Chinapangidwa ndi mapepala amkuwa opangidwa ndi zitsulo ndipo chinayikidwa pa chimango chachitsulo chomwe chinapangidwa ndi Gustave Eiffel, yemwe pambuyo pake anatchuka chifukwa cha nsanja yomwe imadziwika ndi dzina lake ku Paris. Ukadaulo wa Eiffel unatsimikizira kuti chifanizirocho chidzakhala cholimba komanso chopirira mphepo yamkuntho komanso nyengo yoipa.
Chifanizirocho chitamalizidwa, chinang'ambika m'zigawo 350 zosiyana ndipo chinaikidwa m'mabokosi 214 kuti chitumizidwe ku America. Ulendo wautaliwu unayenda panyanja, ndipo unafika ku New York Harbor pa June 17, 1885.
Ntchito Yomanga ku United States
Ku United States, ntchito yomanga maziko a chifanizirochi inapitirira nthawi yomweyo ndi ntchito yomanga ku France. Ndalama zopezera maziko akuluakuluwa zinasonkhanitsidwanso kudzera mu zopereka za anthu onse. Wopanga mapulani wa ku America Richard Morris Hunt adapanga maziko a granite aatali mamita 47 omwe amathandizira chifaniziro chamkuwa.
Pambuyo pofika ku America, ziwalo za chifanizirocho zinasonkhanitsidwa ndi kukonzedwanso. Izi zinatenga pafupifupi miyezi inayi, ndipo pomaliza pake, pa 28 Okutobala, 1886, Chifaniziro cha Ufulu chinavumbulutsidwa ndi Purezidenti Grover Cleveland pamwambo waukulu pamaso pa anthu zikwizikwi.
Tanthauzo ndi Mphamvu ya Chifaniziro cha Ufulu
Chifaniziro cha Ufulu si mphatso yaufulu yokha, komanso chizindikiro cha ufulu ndi kuvomereza. Kuyambira pamene chinatsegulidwa, chifanizirochi chakhala ngati nyali kwa alendo olowa mu United States kudzera ku Ellis Island. Anthu ambiri osamukira kudziko lina amaona kuti kuwona kwawo koyamba Chifaniziro cha Ufulu ndi chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo ndi chiyambi chatsopano m'dziko lomwe limalonjeza ufulu.
Chifanizirochi chimafunanso mfundo za demokalase ndi kukana kuponderezedwa ndi nkhanza. Mawu olembedwa pa piritsi ndi chifaniziro choyatsidwa ndi nyali, chomwe chimayatsidwa usiku, chakhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha malingaliro omwe oyambitsa United States adalimbikitsa.
Chifaniziro cha Ufulu chakhalanso ngati maziko a magulu osiyanasiyana a ufulu wa anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ku United States. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kampeni yofuna ufulu wa akazi. Mofananamo, panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndi Nkhondo Yozizira, chifanizirocho chinakhala chizindikiro cha kulimbana ndi ulamuliro wankhanza komanso kufalikira kwa demokalase ya ufulu wa anthu.
Kupatula kukhala chizindikiro cha ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, Chifaniziro cha Ufulu ndi chinthu chachikhalidwe, chomwe chimapezeka m'ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaluso, mabuku, mafilimu, ndi nyimbo. Ojambula ndi olemba ambiri, motsogozedwa ndi kukongola kwake ndi tanthauzo lake lozama, afotokoza chifanizirocho ngati chizindikiro cha ufulu ndi luso.
Kusamalira ndi Kukonza Chifaniziro cha Ufulu
Patapita nthawi, Chifaniziro cha Ufulu chinakonzedwanso ndi kukonzedwanso kangapo kuti chikhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wokongola. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zinakonzedwanso chinachitika kuyambira mu 1984 mpaka 1986, chifanizirocho chisanafike zaka 100. Pa nthawi yokonzansoyi, chimango chachitsulo cha chifanizirocho chinasinthidwa ndi chimango chatsopano, cholimba kwambiri, nyali yoyambirira inayatsidwanso ndi yatsopano, yowala, ndipo mapangidwe ena osiyanasiyana adapangidwa.
Mu 2011, Chilumba cha Liberty ndi Chifaniziro cha Liberty zinakonzedwanso kuti ziwonjezere zomwe alendo akukumana nazo komanso kulimbitsa nyumbayo. Kusinthaku kunaphatikizapo kusintha kwa momwe anthu angafikire komanso chitetezo, komanso kutsegulanso korona wa chifanizirocho kwa anthu onse.
Mapeto
Chifaniziro cha Ufulu si ntchito yaikulu chabe; chimapereka uthenga wozama wa ufulu, chiyembekezo, ndi kulimbana kwa anthu kuti akwaniritse mfundo zapamwamba kwambiri. Kuyambira kulengedwa kwake, mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa mayiko awiri akuluakulu, mpaka udindo wake monga chizindikiro chowunikira njira ya omwe akufuna moyo wabwino, chifanizirochi chimakhalabe chowala m'mitima ya ambiri. Kupyola mu nthawi ndi kusintha, Chifaniziro cha Ufulu chikupitirizabe kulimbikitsa dziko lonse ndi uthenga wake wa ufulu ndi kulimba mtima, ndikuchipangitsa kukhala chimodzi mwa zipilala zolemekezeka komanso zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.
