Chinsinsi cha Atlantis mu Mbiri ndi Nthano
Atlantis, dzina lomwe limadzutsa chidwi ndi malingaliro, ndi chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ndi nthano. Mzindawu unayambitsidwa koyamba ndi wafilosofi wakale wachigiriki Plato mu zokambirana zake "Timaeus" ndi "Critias," komwe akufotokoza za chitukuko chotsogola chomwe chinatha usiku umodzi. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza chinsinsi cha Atlantis kuchokera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kufotokoza kwa Plato, malingaliro amakono, ndi kupezeka kwake m'chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino.
Plato ndi Atlantis: Zithunzi Zoyambirira
Plato, yemwe anakhalako m'zaka za m'ma 4 BC, analemba za Atlantis m'makambirano ake otchuka a filosofi. Malinga ndi Plato, Atlantis inali chilumba chachikulu chomwe chinali "kupitirira Mizati ya Hercules" (kutanthauza Strait of Gibraltar ya masiku ano). Atlantis ankanenedwa kuti ndi chitukuko chotsogola chokhala ndi mphamvu zapamadzi zosayerekezeka, ukadaulo wapamwamba, komanso chuma chochuluka. Atlantis ankafotokozedwa kuti anali anzeru komanso otukuka, koma pamapeto pake anakhala achinyengo komanso adyera, zomwe zinakwiyitsa milungu. Mu usiku umodzi wokha, Atlantis inamira pansi pa nyanja chifukwa cha tsoka lalikulu, ndipo inatayika kwamuyaya.
Komabe, cholinga chachikulu cha Plato polemba za Atlantis chinali kupereka uthenga wamakhalidwe abwino ndi wanzeru. Anagwiritsa ntchito Atlantis ngati fanizo pofotokoza kuipa kwa umbombo ndi ziphuphu, komanso kutsindika kufunika kwa makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino. Kwa Plato, Atlantis inali chenjezo la zomwe zingachitikire chitukuko chilichonse ngati chilephera kuyika patsogolo mfundo zimenezi.
Malingaliro ndi Malingaliro Okhudza Atlantis
Kuyambira nthawi ya Plato, Atlantis yakhala nkhani ya ziphunzitso zosiyanasiyana komanso malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti Atlantis inalipodi ndipo amayesa kupeza umboni wotsimikizira kuti inalipo, pomwe ena amanena kuti Atlantis ndi nthano chabe kapena nthano yopangidwa ndi Plato.
Lingaliro lina lodziwika bwino ndi lakuti Atlantis kwenikweni chinali chilumba cha Krete, likulu la chitukuko cha Minoan chomwe chinakula m'zaka za m'ma 1000 BC. Chitukuko cha Minoan chomwe chinali patsogolo kwambiri chinachepa mwadzidzidzi cha m'ma 1450 BC, mwina chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa phiri la Thera (lomwe tsopano ndi Santorini). Kuphulika kumeneku kunayambitsa tsunami yomwe inawononga malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo mwina inalimbikitsa nkhani ya chilumba chomwe chinatayika.
Malingaliro ena amalumikiza Atlantis ndi malo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Nyanja Yakuda, Nyanja ya Atlantic, komanso South America. Richard Freund, katswiri wa zinthu zakale ku Yunivesite ya Hartford, akunena kuti Atlantis mwina inali m'chigawo cha Doñana kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Spain. Akunena za kupezeka kwa zinthu zakale ndi mapangidwe a zomangamanga zomwe zingasonyeze kuti panali chitukuko chakale chomwe chinatayika.
Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakayikira kuti Atlantis inalipodi monga mbiri yeniyeni. Amanena kuti palibe umboni wokwanira wofukula zinthu zakale wochirikiza zomwe akunenazi ndipo amanena kuti Atlantis mwina ndi buku la filosofi lolembedwa ndi Plato. Amanena kuti Plato anagwiritsa ntchito Atlantis ngati chida chofotokozera malingaliro ake okhudza makhalidwe abwino ndi ndale, m'malo molemba mbiri yeniyeni.
Atlantis mu Chikhalidwe Chotchuka
Ngakhale kuti pali mkangano wokhudza kukhalapo kwa Atlantis, nthano zake zalimbikitsa ntchito zambiri zachikhalidwe chodziwika bwino. Mabuku, mafilimu, ndi masewera nthawi zambiri amawonetsa Atlantis ngati malo achinsinsi komanso amatsenga, odzaza ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso zinsinsi zakale.
Mwachitsanzo, buku la Jules Verne lakuti "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" limasonyeza Atlantis ngati bwinja la pansi pa madzi lomwe Captain Nemo anakumana nalo. Mafilimu monga "Atlantis: The Lost Empire" ya Disney (2001) amafotokoza nkhani ya ulendo wofufuza mzinda wotayika, kuwonjezera zinthu zosangalatsa komanso maloto.
Kuphatikiza apo, Atlantis nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa m'malingaliro achiwembu ndi ziphunzitso zakunja. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Atlantis ndi umboni wa chitukuko chakale chomwe chinali chotsogola kwambiri kuposa momwe tinkaganizira, chomwe chimachigwirizanitsa ndi kukhalapo kwa alendo kapena chidziwitso chobisika chomwe chinatayika. Zonena izi, ngakhale zikusowa umboni wasayansi, zikupitilizabe kukoka nthano ya Atlantis.
Kutseka
Chinsinsi cha Atlantis chakopa malingaliro a anthu kwa zaka zambiri. Kaya Atlantis analipodi, kapena anali chabe chopangidwa ndi malingaliro a Plato, akadali funso losayankhidwa. Kwa ena, kufunafuna Atlantis ndi ulendo wosangalatsa wa zinthu zakale; kwa ena, Atlantis ndi chizindikiro chophiphiritsira cha umbombo, kugwa, ndi phunziro la makhalidwe abwino.
Ngakhale kuti Atlantis ili ndi mbiri yokayikitsa, yasiya chizindikiro chachikulu pa chikhalidwe chathu. Nthano zake zimatikumbutsa za kufooka kwa chitukuko cha anthu ndipo zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zakale zathu, zomwe zitha kuwululidwa mokwanira. M'dziko lomwe likusintha nthawi zonse komanso lodzaza ndi zinthu zatsopano, chinsinsi cha Atlantis chimatipatsa mwayi woganizira mozama mbiri yakale ndi mphamvu zapadera zomwe zingakhale pansi pa nyanja.
