Magalasi Owonera a Chida Chowunikira

Zitsanzo za mafunso ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida zowunikira, maso, magalasi, ndi ma binoculars

Mata

1. Chimodzi mwa zida zachilengedwe zowunikira ndi diso. Pakuwona, chithunzi chimapangidwa...

1. Zoona, zowongoka, pa retina
2. Zoona, zopotoka, pa retina
3. Zowoneka bwino, zowongoka, zomwe zili pa retina
4. Maya, mozondoka, pomwe pali retina

Zokambirana
Malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino ndi 25 cm. Malo oyandikira ndi mtunda wapafupi kwambiri womwe diso lingathe kuyang'ana. M'mimba mwake mwa diso la munthu ndi wocheperapo kuposa 25 cm, kotero kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso ndi kocheperapo kuposa 25 cm. Chifukwa chake, mtunda wa chinthucho uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa kutalika kwa lenzi ya diso (f).

Dongosolo la diso la lens ndi lens yozungulira. Chifukwa chake, chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa ndi dongosolo la diso la lens panthawi yowonera chili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa ndi lens yozungulira. Makhalidwe a chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa ndi dongosolo la diso la lens pamene mtunda wa chinthu (s) uli waukulu kuposa kutalika kwa focal (f), ndi awa:
- Zenizeni kapena zoona
- Kubwerera m'mbuyo
- Yachepetsedwa
- Pa retina pomwe

Chithunzicho chiyenera kuyikidwa bwino pa retina chifukwa retina imasintha mafunde a kuwala kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa ku ubongo. Ngakhale kuti chithunzicho chimasinthidwa, ubongo wa munthu umachipangitsa kukhala choyima, kotero zinthu zomwe diso limaona zimaoneka zoyima.

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

Magalasi

2. Munthu amakhala ndi malo okwana masentimita 16 ndi malo okwana masentimita 80. Ngati atavala magalasi, amatha kuona zinthu zakutali kwambiri bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi awa, mtunda wopita ku chinthu chapafupi kwambiri ndi umene angaone bwino.

1. 13 1/3 cm
2. 20 masentimita
3. 36 masentimita
4. 48 1/3 cm

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Mtunda wa munthu ndi masentimita 80 okha, kotero tinganene kuti munthuyo ndi woona patali.
Kuona pafupi kumachitika chifukwa chakuti dongosolo la lenzi la diso ndi lopindika kwambiri kapena losasalala kuposa momwe liyenera kukhalira m'diso labwinobwino, zomwe zimachepetsa kutalika kwake koyang'ana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kochokera ku zinthu zomwe zili kutali kwambiri (kutali) kuwoneke patsogolo pa retina m'malo mongoyang'ana pa retina.
Anafunsa kuti: Mtunda wa chinthu chapafupi womwe ungawonekere bwino pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi
Yankho:
Mtunda wa munthu ndi masentimita 80. Magalasi a maso ayenera kupanga chithunzi cha masentimita 80 patsogolo pake. Chithunzicho chili patsogolo pa diso ndi magalasi a maso, kotero chithunzicho chili cholondola komanso cholunjika. Choncho mtunda wa chithunzicho = -80 cm.
Ngati munthu wavala magalasi, amatha kuona zinthu zakutali kwambiri bwino. Choncho mtunda wa chinthucho = malo akutali a diso labwinobwino = infinity = ~.

Kutalika kwa diso:
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
f = – 80 / 1
f = – 80 cm
Kutalika kolakwika kwa lenzi ya magalasi kumatanthauza kuti lenzi ya magalasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lenzi yopingasa kapena lenzi yosiyana.

Ngati munthuyo akugwiritsa ntchito magalasi omwewo, kodi mtunda wa chinthu chapafupi ndi wotani womwe ungawonekere bwino? Kutalika kwa lenzi (f) = -80 cm. Lenzi iyenera kupanga chithunzi pamtunda wa 16 cm patsogolo pa diso ndi lenzi kuti chithunzicho chikhale chowoneka bwino komanso chokhala ndi chizindikiro choyipa. Chifukwa chake mtunda wa chithunzi (s') = -16 cm.
1/s = 1/f – 1/s' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
s = 80/4 = 20 cm.
Chinthu chapafupi kwambiri chomwe angachione bwino ndi 20 cm.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

3. Magalasi ndi chida chokuthandizani kuwona bwino. Nthawi zambiri mumaona anzanu atavala magalasi. Kodi njira yolondola yowunikira kudzera m'magalasi omwe anzanu akuvala imakhudza bwanji?

Zokambirana

Lenzi ya magalasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutengera chithunzicho, ndi lenzi yopingasa. Njira ya kuwala komwe kukubwera komwe kumasinthidwa ndi lenzi yopingasa iyenera kukhala ngati yankho B.

4. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatirachi cha njira ya kuwala kudzera m'diso musanavale magalasi ndi mutavala magalasi. Kutengera chithunzicho, tinganene kuti…
Zokambirana
Kuona patali = hypermetropia
Lenzi yosinthasintha = lenzi yozungulira = lenzi yabwino
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

Magalasi owonera kutali

5. Kukula kwa telesikopu yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa 10 cm ndi 3. Utali wa focal wa cholinga ndi utali wa focal wa eyepiece ndi motsatana….

1. 5 cm ndi 5 cm
2. 7,5 cm ndi 2,5 cm
3. 2,5 cm ndi 7,5 cm
4. 4 cm ndi 6 cm

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kukula kwa binocular (M) = 3
Kutalika kwa telesikopu (l) = 10 cm
Anafunsa kuti: Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi utali wa lenzi yoyang'ana maso
Yankho:
Fomula ya kutalika kwa telesikopu (l) pamene diso lili pamalo ocheperako:
l = f_ob +f_ok
10 cm = f_ob +f_ok  â € " Chiyerekezo 1

Njira yowonjezerera ma binoculars (M) pamene diso lili pamalo oyenera:
M = f_ob /f_ok
3 = f_ob /f_ok
f_ob = 3 f_ok â € " Chiyerekezo 2

Sinthani f_ob pada equation 1 ndi f_ok pada equation 2 :
10 cm = f_ob +f_ok 
10 cm = 3 f_ok +f_ok 
10 cm = 4 f_ok
f_ok = 10 cm / 4
f_ok = 2,5 masentimita
Utali wa lenzi ya maso = 2,5 cm
Kutalika kwa lenzi yolunjika = 3 f_ok = 3 (2,5 cm) = 7,5 cm

Utali wa lenzi yolunjika ndi utali wa lenzi ya eyepiece ndi 7,5 cm ndi 2,5 cm motsatana.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

Gwero la funso:

Mafunso a OSN a Sukulu ya Sekondale ya Fiziki ya Sukulu ya Sekondale