Njira Zopangira Wailesi Yaing'ono
Wailesi yaying'ono ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chimakulolani kumvetsera mawailesi. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, njira yomangira imakhudza zigawo zingapo zamagetsi. Mawailesi yaying'ono amatha kupangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosangalatsa kapena ngati chida chophunzirira cha zamagetsi. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane njira zopangira wailesi yaying'ono.
1. Konzani Zida ndi Zipangizo
Musanayambe, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zida zonse zofunikira. Nayi mndandanda wa zomwe mungafunike:
Alat:
- Chitsulo chosungunula ndi chosungunula
- Zodulira zodulira
- Zotchingira zoteteza
- Multimeter (ngati mukufuna)
- Bolodi la mkate (poyesera koyamba)
Zipangizo:
– Antena (waya wamkuwa kapena teleskopu yaying'ono)
– Ma capacitor a Ceramic (10-100 pF)
- Kuzungulira waya wopangidwa ndi enamel (kwa coil)
- Transistor (NPN monga 2N2222 kapena 2N3904)
– Zotsutsa (1kΩ, 10kΩ)
- Chowunikira diode (1N34A kapena chofanana nacho)
- Kulamulira voliyumu (10kΩ potentiometer)
- Chikwama chaching'ono cha mahedifoni kapena jack ya sipika
- Mabatire (9V kapena 2x AA okhala ndi chogwirira)
2. Kupanga Koyilo (Inductor)
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa wailesi ndi coil, kapena inductor. Ntchito ya coil ndi kujambula zizindikiro za wailesi. Umu ndi momwe mungapangire coil:
1. Tengani waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wautali pafupifupi mita imodzi.
2. Pindani waya mozungulira pakati pa silinda (ungapangidwe kuchokera ku batire yogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena chitoliro cha pulasitiki) chokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1-2.
3. Manga wayawo nthawi 20-50, kutengera kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe mukufuna kujambula.
4. Mukamaliza kukulunga, siyani kumapeto kwa waya kutalika kwa 3 cm kuti mulumikize magetsi.
3. Kusonkhanitsa Zigawo pa Bolodi la Mkate
Mungagwiritse ntchito bolodi lopangira mkate kuti musonkhanitse zigawozo musanazisokeretse ku PCB kuti muzitha kuziyesa mosavuta.
1. Lumikizani capacitor ya ceramic ya 100 pF ndi mwendo umodzi pansi (GND) ndi wina kumapeto kwa coil.
2. Lumikizani mbali ina ya coil ku chosonkhanitsira cha transistor ya NPN.
3. Lumikizani maziko a transistor ndi resistor ya 10kΩ, ndipo mbali inayo ya resistor ilumikize pansi.
4. Kuchokera pa chosonkhanitsira cha transistor, lumikizaninso choletsa cha 1kΩ ku mahedifoni kapena jeki ya sipika.
5. Ikani chowunikira (cathode kumbali ya '+' ndi anode pansi, mogwirizana ndi mawu otuluka).
6. Kuchokera pa mawu otuluka, onjezani capacitor ya 10µF kuti muchotse chizindikiro cha mawu.
7. Lumikizani antenna ku malo olowera a coil.
4. Kusungunula pa PCB
Pambuyo poyesa pa bolodi la mkate, gawo lotsatira ndikusungunula zigawozo ku PCB kuti zikhale chipangizo chokhazikika.
1. Ikani zigawozo pa PCB malinga ndi dera lomwe mwapanga pa bolodi la mkate.
2. Solder chigawo chilichonse mosamala kuti mupewe ma circuit afupiafupi.
3. Onetsetsani kuti chosungunula chili cholimba ndipo palibe miyendo ya zigawo zomwe zikukhudzana.
5. Kuyesa ndi Kusintha
Ikani mabatire ndipo yatsani wailesi yanu yaying'ono. Mvetserani phokoso kudzera m'mahedifoni kapena ma speaker, ndipo sinthani izi:
1. Antena: Onetsetsani kuti antena yalumikizidwa bwino. Njira yosavuta yowonjezerera kulandiridwa ndikutambasula kutalika kwa antena.
2. Koyilo: Ngati chizindikiro cholandiridwa sichikumveka bwino kapena palibe, yesani kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma turn pa koyilo. Izi zisintha ma frequency a resonant.
3. Transistor: Onetsetsani ngati transistor ikugwira ntchito bwino poyesa pogwiritsa ntchito multimeter kapena kuisintha ndi transistor ina.
6. Kuyika Zigawo mu Bokosi
Chilichonse chikayamba kugwira ntchito, ndi nthawi yoti muyike zinthuzo m'bokosi kuti ziwoneke bwino komanso kuti ziteteze zinthuzo kuti zisawonongeke.
1. Pezani bokosi lalikulu mokwanira kuti lizitha kusunga zinthu zonse.
2. Boolani mabowo a jack ya mahedifoni, potentiometer yowongolera voliyumu, ndi antenna.
3. Ikani PCB mkati mwa bokosilo ndikuliyika pamalo ake pogwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kapena guluu.
4. Ikani gulu lakutsogolo lokhala ndi mphamvu yowongolera voliyumu ndi jack ya mahedifoni.
7. Zowonjezera (Zosankha)
Mukhoza kuwonjezera zina zowonjezera kuti wailesi yaying'ono izigwira ntchito bwino:
1. Sankhani Ma Frequency: Mwa kuwonjezera potentiometer iwiri kapena variable capacitor, mutha kusankha ma frequency omwe mukufuna kujambula.
2. Chokulitsa Ma Audio: Ngati voliyumu ili yotsika kwambiri, mutha kuwonjezera chowonjezera mawu chokhala ndi IC monga LM386 kuti phokoso likhale lomveka bwino komanso lomveka bwino.
Mapeto
Kupanga wailesi yaying'ono kungakhale ntchito yovuta koma yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene komanso okonda zamagetsi odziwa bwino ntchito. Njirayi imafuna kumvetsetsa bwino zida zamagetsi ndi ma circuits, komanso luso lothandiza polumikiza ndi kulumikiza.
Mwa kutsatira njira izi, mudzatha kupanga wailesi yaying'ono yogwira ntchito ndipo mwina mudzapeza chidziwitso cha momwe ma radio receiver amagwirira ntchito. Zabwino zonse, ndipo sangalalani ndi kapangidwe kanu kapadera ka wailesi yaying'ono!
