Chifukwa Chake Anthu Amakopeka ndi Malingaliro Okhudza Chiwembu
Chiphunzitso cha chiwembu ndi kufotokozera kwina kwa chochitika chomwe chimakhulupirira kuti ochita zinthu mwachinsinsi—nthawi zambiri magulu amphamvu monga maboma, makampani akuluakulu, kapena anthu apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi—akugwira ntchito mobisa kuti akwaniritse zolinga zinazake. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, malingaliro a chiwembu akhala ofala kwambiri, kuyambira pa zokambirana za tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka zolemba pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti mpaka makanema ataliatali pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana. Funso ndilakuti: nchifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri amakopeka ndi malingaliro a chiwembu, ngakhale umboni wochirikiza ndi wofooka kapena watsutsidwa? Yankho si limodzi. Chidwi ichi chimachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zamaganizo, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndi ukadaulo.
1) Kufunika kwa anthu kukhala ndi chitsimikizo ndi tanthauzo
Anthu nthawi zambiri samakhala omasuka ndi kusatsimikizika. Tikakumana ndi zochitika zazikulu—miliri, mavuto azachuma, mikangano yandale, masoka—timafunafuna kufotokozera komwe kumamveka ngati “kutseka nkhani” ndikupereka chitsimikizo. Malingaliro a chiwembu nthawi zambiri amapereka nkhani yabwino: pali wolakwa womveka bwino, cholinga chomveka bwino, ndi njira yomveka bwino yomwe imafotokoza chifukwa chake china chake chachitika.
Muzochitika zosokonezeka, mafotokozedwe ovomerezeka nthawi zina amatha kumveka ovuta, kusintha ndi deta yatsopano, kapena kumveka ngati osamveka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, sayansi imagwira ntchito pokonzanso: mfundo zimatha kusintha pamene umboni watsopano ukuonekera. Koma kwa ambiri, kusinthaku kumaonedwa ngati "kusakhulupirika" kapena "kubisa." Malingaliro a chiwembu amaonekera ngati mayankho osavuta omwe amamveka olimba komanso ogwirizana.
2) Chinyengo cha kulamulira pakati pa malingaliro osowa chochita
Malingaliro okhudza chiwembu nthawi zambiri amabuka anthu akamaona kuti alibe ulamuliro pa miyoyo yawo. Zikachitika zisankho zofunika—mitengo ya zinthu zofunika, mfundo zachipatala, mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito—zimatsimikiziridwa ndi machitidwe akuluakulu, omwe amawoneka ngati akutali, munthu amamva kuti alibe mphamvu. M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, malingaliro okhudza chiwembu amapereka lingaliro loti munthuyo ndi wolamulira: "Ndikadadziwa amene anali kumbuyo kwa izi, ndikanatha kuzipewa, kuzilimbana nazo, kapena kukhala wosamala."
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ngakhale kuti mfundo za chiwembu nthawi zina zimawonetsa dziko loopsa kwambiri (ngati kuti gulu lamphamvu kwambiri likulamulira chilichonse), kwa anthu ena, kufotokozera kumeneku kumamveka bwino kuposa kuvomereza kuti zochitika zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zovuta, mwangozi, kapena kulephera kwa dongosolo popanda "ubongo waukulu" kumbuyo kwake.
3) Maganizo ofuna ma model
Ubongo wa munthu ndi waluso kwambiri—ngakhale waluso kwambiri—pakupeza mapangidwe. Kutha kuzindikira mapangidwe n'kothandiza kuti munthu apulumuke, komanso kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuona ubale wa chifukwa ndi zotsatira pomwe palibe. Munthu akaona zochitika ziwiri zikuchitika pafupi, angaganize kuti ndi zogwirizana, ngakhale kuti zingakhale mwangozi chabe.
Malingaliro a chiwembu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chizolowezichi polumikiza madontho omwe amawoneka ngati otheka: makanema, mawu ovomerezeka, ziwerengero zosankhidwa bwino, kapena zizindikiro zinazake. Ndi "kusintha pang'ono kwa nkhani," zochitika zingapo zitha kuwoneka ngati zochitika zazikulu, makamaka zikaperekedwa mwanjira yofufuza yokhutiritsa.
4) Tsankho la maganizo: kulimbikitsa zikhulupiriro zomwe zilipo kale
Chidwi cha ziphunzitso za chiwembu chimakhudzidwanso ndi tsankho la maganizo. Tsankho limodzi lotere ndi tsankho lotsimikizira: nthawi zambiri timalandira chidziwitso chomwe chimachirikiza zikhulupiriro zathu ndikukana chidziwitso chomwe chimatsutsana nazo. Ngati wina sakukhulupirira kale boma kapena atolankhani akuluakulu, ziphunzitso za chiwembu zomwe zikuukira mabungwe amenewo zitha kudina nthawi yomweyo.
Palinso tsankho la kulinganiza zinthu: chizolowezi chokhulupirira kuti zochitika zazikulu ziyenera kukhala ndi zifukwa zazikulu. Pakachitika tsoka lalikulu, mafotokozedwe monga "cholakwika cha utsogoleri," "kulephera kwa mgwirizano," kapena "zochitika zosiyanasiyana" amaoneka ngati osalingana. Malingaliro a chiwembu amapereka zifukwa zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi zofanana pamlingo waukulu: "Payenera kukhala dongosolo lalikulu."
5) Kudziwika ndi anthu komanso kukhala "wodziwa zambiri"
Kwa ena, kutsatira mfundo za chiwembu sikuti ndi nkhani yokha, komanso umunthu wawo. Pali lingaliro lokhala m'gulu lomwe limachokera ku kulowa mu gulu lomwe likumva "logalamuka kwambiri" kuposa ena. Chikhulupiriro chakuti "tikudziwa chowonadi chobisika" chimapereka lingaliro la udindo wamaganizo: kukhala m'gulu lapadera lodziwa zambiri.
Kudziwika kumeneku kumalimbikitsidwa pakakhala kukana kwakunja. Ngati achibale kapena abwenzi akukana, zitha kuonedwa ngati umboni wina wakuti "agwa chifukwa cha nkhani zabodza." Zotsatira zake, zikhulupiriro zimalimba. Mu malingaliro osinthika awa, malingaliro achinyengo amatha kukhala lenzi yowonera dziko lapansi, osati malingaliro anthawi yochepa chabe.
6) Kusakhulupirira mabungwe ndi zomwe zidachitika m'mbiri
Sikuti kusakhulupirirana konse ndi kosamveka. M'mbiri yonse, pakhala pali ziwembu zenizeni: milandu yandale, ntchito zachinsinsi zaukazitape, kusokoneza deta, ziphuphu, komanso kampeni yofalitsa nkhani zabodza. Zochitika zonsezi zapangitsa anthu ena kukhulupirira kuti "ngati zingachitike nthawi imeneyo, zitha kuchitika tsopano."
Vuto ndilakuti, kungodziwa kuti chiwembu chachitika sikuti zimangopangitsa kuti zonena zonse za chiwembu zikhale zoona. Komabe, pamene mabungwe alephera kuwonetsa poyera, akuchedwa kuyankha, kapena akuwoneka ngati odziteteza, malo oti anthu azinena zinthu molakwika amakhala otseguka. Malingaliro a chiwembu amapeza malo abwino pomwe chidaliro cha anthu chimasokonekera kale.
7) Udindo wa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti: ma algorithms, kufalikira kwa ma virus, ndi chuma cha chidwi
Dongosolo la digito limathandizira kufalikira kwa ziphunzitso za chiwembu. Ma algorithms amakonda kulimbikitsa zomwe zimayambitsa malingaliro amphamvu - mkwiyo, mantha, mantha - chifukwa malingaliro amenewo amawonjezera kukhudzidwa. Malingaliro a chiwembu nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'mitu yochititsa chidwi, "umboni wodabwitsa," kapena "mfundo zobisika" - mawonekedwe omwe ali oyenera bwino ndalama zogulira chidwi.
Kuphatikiza apo, anthu amakodwa mosavuta mu chipinda cholumikizirana: malo opezera chidziwitso komwe zomwe zili mkati nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zathu. Munthu akaonera kanema wa chiwembu, malangizo otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zomwe zili zofanana. Pakapita nthawi, mfundo zotsutsana zimakhala zochepa, ndipo zikhulupiriro zimakhala zolimba.
8) Zinthu zokhudzana ndi maganizo: mantha, mkwiyo, ndi kufunikira kwa wolakwa
Kumbuyo kwa zikhulupiriro nthawi zambiri kumakhala malingaliro osathetsedwa. Malingaliro okhudza chiwembu akhoza kukhala njira yopezera nkhawa ndi mkwiyo. Munthu akakumana ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo, ataya ntchito, kapena akumva kuti tsogolo lake ndi loipa, malingaliro okhudza chiwembu amapereka kufotokozera komwe kumasonyeza kuti munthu winawake ndiye amene akuyambitsa—“chiwembu” chenicheni.
Kutchula munthu amene wachititsa kuti munthu achite zinthu zinazake kungakupangitseni kumva ngati wamasuka, chifukwa mkwiyo uli ndi cholinga. Izi n’zosiyana ndi kufotokozera zinthu zovuta—monga kusalingana kwachuma, kusintha kwa ukadaulo, kapena mfundo zapadziko lonse—zomwe n’zovuta kuzimvetsa komanso zovuta kuzitsutsa.
9) Kalembedwe kosangalatsa kolankhulana ndi kalankhulidwe
Malingaliro ambiri okhudza chiwembu amaperekedwa ndi njira zamphamvu zolankhulirana: nkhani zofufuza, umboni wosankhidwa mwanzeru, ndi mafunso olankhulirana monga "ngati si zoona, bwanji akuopa?" Kalembedwe kameneka kamapangitsa anthu kumva ngati akuganiza mozama, pomwe kwenikweni, zomwe zikuchitika nthawi zambiri zimakhala njira "yotseka mapeto" kuyambira pachiyambi kenako kufunafuna zifukwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro okhudza chiwembu nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza mfundo zina zoona ndi mfundo zosamveka bwino. Kuphatikizana kumeneku kwa mfundo ndi malingaliro kumapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati zodalirika kwa owerenga omwe alibe nthawi yofufuza magwero.
10) Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani?
Kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake anthu amakopeka ndi mfundo za chiwembu n'kofunika kwambiri kuti titsimikizire kuti yankho lathu silikungoseka kapena kudana. Njira zothandiza kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo: kukonza luso lodziwa bwino nkhani zofalitsa nkhani (kuyang'ana magwero, nkhani, ndi umboni), kumanga chidaliro kudzera mu kuwonekera poyera kwa mabungwe, ndikupanga malo okambirana osachititsa manyazi.
Mu zokambirana zaumwini, kumvetsera nkhawa zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa zikhulupiriro nthawi zambiri kumathandiza kwambiri kuposa "kutsutsa" nthawi yomweyo. Cholinga sichopambana mkangano, koma kuthandiza anthu kumva kuti ali otetezeka poyesanso chidziwitso popanda kutaya kudzidalira kwawo kapena umunthu wawo.
Kutseka
Chidwi ndi ziphunzitso za chiwembu si chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chingafotokozedwe ndi chifukwa chimodzi chokha. Chimachokera ku kufunikira kwa anthu kukhala otsimikiza, kufunitsitsa kufunafuna njira, tsankho la chidziwitso, kufunikira kwa kudziwika, zochitika zakale ndi kusakhulupirika, komanso mphamvu yamphamvu ya malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Pomvetsetsa mizu imeneyi, titha kukhala anzeru: sitiyenera kuvomereza nkhani zosokeretsa monga momwe zilili, koma sitiyenera kunyalanyaza chifukwa chake zimawoneka ngati zomveka kwa ambiri. Pomaliza pake, dziko lapansi ndi lovuta—ndipo chifukwa cha zovuta zimenezo, tiyenera kukulitsa zizolowezi zoganiza mozama, kumvera ena chisoni, komanso kufufuza umboni mwakhama.
