Zotsatira za Placebo ndi Zotsatira Zake pa Thanzi
Zotsatira za placebo ndi chinthu chomwe odwala amakumana ndi kusintha kwa thanzi lawo akalandira chithandizo chopanda mphamvu, monga mapiritsi a shuga kapena jakisoni wa saline, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti akulandira chithandizo chogwira mtima. Izi sizongosangalatsa kokha kuchokera ku malingaliro, komanso zimakhala zovuta kwa dziko lachipatala pankhani yomvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa alibe mphamvu zenizeni zochiritsira, chikhulupiriro cha wodwalayo pa chithandizocho chingayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizo. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mozama za zotsatira za placebo ndi momwe zimakhudzira thanzi.
Mbiri ya Zotsatira za Placebo
Mawu akuti "placebo" amachokera ku liwu lachilatini lakuti "placere," kutanthauza "kusangalatsa." Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a placebo chinali chachipatala m'zaka za m'ma 18. Madokotala nthawi zambiri ankapereka "mankhwala" opanda phindu lenileni lachipatala kwa odwala omwe ankakhulupirira kuti sanali odwala kwenikweni kapena omwe anali ndi matenda omwe anali ochokera m'maganizo. Mwa kuyang'anitsitsa, madokotala adazindikira kuti odwala ena adasintha kwambiri chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti akulandira chithandizo.
M'zaka za m'ma 20, zotsatira za placebo zinalandira chidwi chachikulu cha sayansi, makamaka pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse pamene Henry K. Beecher, katswiri wogonetsa anthu ku America, anaona kuti asilikali ambiri ovulala adamva kupweteka kwambiri atauzidwa kuti akulandira morphine, pomwe kwenikweni anali kulandira jakisoni wa saline.
Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Placebo
Zotsatira za placebo ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha momwe malingaliro ndi thupi la munthu zimagwirizanirana. Chimodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zotsatira za placebo ndi chiyembekezo ndi malingaliro. Munthu akakhulupirira kuti akulandira chithandizo chogwira mtima, ubongo wake ukhoza kuyambitsa yankho lenileni lachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kutulutsidwa kwa ma endorphins, mahomoni omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala achilengedwe ochepetsa ululu m'thupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti zotsatira za placebo zitha kusintha momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito chidziwitso, kuphatikizapo kumva ululu. Kusanthula ubongo kwasonyeza kuti munthu akalandira placebo, ntchito m'malo a ubongo okhudzana ndi kumva ululu imatha kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "amve" ululu wochepa.
Zotsatira za Nocebo: Mbali Yakuda ya Zotsatira za Placebo
Kumbali ina ya zotsatira za placebo ndi zotsatira za nocebo, pomwe munthu amakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kapena matenda akuipiraipira chifukwa choti amayembekezera kuti azichita. Zotsatira za nocebo zimatha kuchitika munthu akalandira chidziwitso choti chithandizo chingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, ndipo chiyembekezochi chimamupangitsa kuti akumane ndi zotsatirapo zoyipazo. Monga zotsatira za placebo, zotsatira za nocebo zimasonyeza mphamvu ya malingaliro ndi ziyembekezo popanga zomwe timakumana nazo mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ya Placebo mu Mankhwala
Zotsatira za placebo zili ndi tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri pa zamankhwala amakono. Mu mayeso azachipatala, kugwiritsa ntchito placebos ndiye muyezo wabwino kwambiri wodziwira momwe mankhwala atsopano amagwirira ntchito. Poyerekeza zotsatira za mankhwala enieni ndi zomwe gulu lolamulira lomwe limakumana nazo, ofufuza amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa phindu lenileni la mankhwala atsopano.
Komabe, kupatula kafukufuku, madokotala nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto azachikhalidwe akamaganizira zogwiritsa ntchito ma placebo tsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi ndi koyenera kupatsa odwala chithandizo chosagwira ntchito? Mfundo zina zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma placebo pamene palibe njira zina zodziwikiratu zochiritsira komanso pamene chikhulupiriro cha wodwalayo pa chithandizocho chingawongolere thanzi lawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za placebo zagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zingapo zochiritsira komanso zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, acupuncture, aromatherapy, ndi mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala azitsamba zikusonyeza kuti zina mwa zabwino zomwe zanenedwa zitha kuchokera ku zotsatira za placebo.
Zotsatira za Placebo mu Matenda Osiyanasiyana
Zotsatira za placebo sizipezeka paliponse pa matenda onse, koma pali zina zomwe zimawoneka kuti zimawonekera kwambiri. Nazi zitsanzo zina:
1. Ululu Wosatha: Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti zotsatira za placebo zitha kukhala zamphamvu pochepetsa ululu wosatha, monga kupweteka kwa msana kapena nyamakazi. Odwala akapatsidwa placebo, nthawi zambiri amanena kuti amachepetsa ululu chifukwa choyembekezera kuti akulandira chithandizo chothandiza cha ululu.
2. Kuvutika Maganizo ndi Nkhawa: Zotsatira za placebo zimawonekeranso pochiza matenda amisala monga kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa. Odwala omwe amakhulupirira kuti akulandira mankhwala othandiza oletsa kuvutika maganizo nthawi zambiri amanena kuti maganizo awo amasintha komanso zizindikiro zawo za nkhawa zichepa.
3. Matenda a m'mimba okwiyitsa (IBS): IBS ndi matenda am'mimba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zamaganizo. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti odwala a IBS omwe adalandira placebo adawona kusintha kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro zawo.
4. Matenda a Parkinson: Matenda a Parkinson ndi matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha. Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti ma placebo amatha kuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa dopamine muubongo wa odwala a Parkinson, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zawo zoyendera bwino ziziyenda bwino.
Psychology Yomwe Imayambitsa Zotsatira za Placebo
Zotsatira za placebo zimatipangitsa kuganizira momwe zikhulupiriro zathu, ziyembekezo zathu, ndi malingaliro athu zimakhudzira thanzi lathu. Malingaliro anzeru ndi amisala amagogomezera kuti malingaliro ndi ziyembekezo zabwino zimatha kukulitsa kuwongolera ndi chiyembekezo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti tikhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Zotsatirazi zitha kufotokozedwanso pang'ono ndi ubale wa dokotala ndi wodwala. Kudalira ndi kudalira kwa wodwala luso la dokotala komanso chifundo chake kungathandize kwambiri pakuwonjezera zotsatira za placebo. Madokotala omwe amalankhulana bwino komanso kusonyeza chifundo angathandize kwambiri popanga zotsatira zabwino za placebo.
Mapeto
Zotsatira za placebo ndi chinthu chovuta komanso chosangalatsa chomwe chikuwonetsa ubale wapamtima pakati pa malingaliro ndi thupi mu zamankhwala. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a placebo alibe gawo logwira ntchito la mankhwala, chikhulupiriro cha odwala pakugwira ntchito kwawo chingapangitse kuti pakhale kusintha kwenikweni pa thanzi la thupi ndi la maganizo. Izi zimatsutsa mfundo zazikulu za mankhwala ozikidwa pa umboni ndipo zimatsegula chitseko chomvetsetsa bwino momwe ziyembekezo, malingaliro, ndi ubale wa dokotala ndi wodwala zingakhudzire zotsatira zaumoyo.
Mwa kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za placebo mwamakhalidwe abwino komanso mwasayansi, titha kukulitsa njira zochiritsira, kukulitsa thanzi la wodwala, ndikutsegula chidziwitso chatsopano cha mphamvu ya zamaganizo mu zamankhwala. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti akatswiri azachipatala azisunga makhalidwe abwino pantchito yawo, kuonetsetsa kuti odwala nthawi zonse amalandira chidziwitso cholondola komanso chithandizo chabwino kwambiri pazosowa zawo.
