Kufunika kwa Yaw System mu Wind Turbines
Mphamvu ya mphepo yakhala imodzi mwa maziko a kusintha kwa mphamvu kupita ku magwero amagetsi oyera komanso okhazikika. Kumbuyo kwa mawonekedwe osavuta a turbine ya mphepo—nsanja yayitali, nacelle, ndi masamba atatu a rotor—kuli makina ovuta, magetsi, ndi machitidwe owongolera omwe amalola turbine kugwira mphamvu ya mphepo moyenera komanso mosamala. Dongosolo limodzi lomwe nthawi zambiri limanyalanyazidwa, koma lofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa turbine, ndi dongosolo la yaw. Dongosololi limayang'anira rotor kuyang'anizana ndi mphepo, kulola turbine kupanga mphamvu yabwino kwambiri pomwe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kunyamula kosalingana.
Kodi dongosolo la Yaw ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, yaw ndi kayendedwe kozungulira ka nacelle (gawo lalikulu la turbine) mozungulira mzere wowongoka wa nsanja, zomwe zimathandiza kuti rotor isinthe momwe mphepo imayendera. Chifukwa chakuti mphepo imayenda m'munda nthawi zonse siimayenda nthawi zonse—ingasinthe pang'onopang'ono, kusuntha mwadzidzidzi, kapena kusinthasintha chifukwa cha kugwedezeka—ma turbine amafunika njira yomwe ingatsatire mphepo. Apa ndi pomwe makina a yaw amalowa.
Mu ma turbine amakono a mphepo ozungulira (HAWTs), makina a yaw nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zingapo: chogwirira cha yaw, choyendetsa yaw (yaw motor/actuator), brake ya yaw, chowongolera mphepo ndi anemometer, ndi chowongolera chomwe chimawerengera nthawi ndi kutalika komwe turbine iyenera kuzungulira. Kuphatikiza kwa makina ndi zowongolera kumeneku kumalola nacelle kuzungulira pang'onopang'ono kuti rotor iyang'ane mphepo popanda kusintha kwakukulu momwe zingathere.
Nchifukwa chiyani komwe rotor ikuyang'ana ndikofunikira kwambiri?
Kugwira ntchito kwa turbine ya mphepo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusakhazikika bwino (kusiyana pakati pa mbali yeniyeni ya mphepo ndi mbali yoyang'ana ya rotor). Ngati rotor sikuyang'ana bwino mphepo, mphamvu zina za mphepo sizimagwidwa. Kawirikawiri, kusakhazikika bwino kwambiri, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imachepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakhazikika bwino kumawonjezera katundu wosagwirizana pa aerodynamic pa masamba, hub, ndi kapangidwe ka nacelle.
Mu nyengo yabwino, rotor imayang'ana mphepo molunjika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya uzitha kukhudza kwambiri rotor. Rotor ikatembenuka, mphamvu ya mphepo imachepa. Izi sizimangochepetsa kupanga mphamvu komanso zimawonjezera kugwedezeka, phokoso, ndi kupsinjika kwa makina, zomwe zimawonjezera kutopa kwa zinthu.
Udindo wa Dongosolo la Yaw pakukonza Kupanga Mphamvu
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe makina a yaw amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunikira ndi momwe amathandizira pakuchulukitsa mphamvu. Pa sikelo ya mphepo, kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito a peresenti yochepa chabe kungatanthauze kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza poyerekeza ndi zaka 20-25 zomwe makinawa amakhala nazo.
Dongosolo loyasa mofulumira komanso molondola limatha kusunga kusagwirizana kochepa ngakhale pamene njira ya mphepo ikusintha. Woyang'anira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zinazake, monga kupewa mayendedwe ochulukirapo a yaw (omwe angafulumizitse kuwonongeka) pamene akusunga ngodya yopingasa mkati mwa malire oyenera. Mwanjira ina, dongosolo loyasa liyenera kulinganiza zolinga ziwiri: kupanga mphamvu zambiri ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe kuti apewe kuwonongeka msanga kwa zigawo.
Kawirikawiri, kulamulira kwa yaw nthawi zambiri kumaganizira malire enaake: turbine imayamba kuyenda pokhapokha ngati kusintha kwa njira ya mphepo kwapitirira madigiri angapo ndipo mikhalidwe ya mphepo ili yokhazikika mokwanira. Kupanda kutero, turbine imatha "kusaka" nthawi zonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imayasamuka m'mbuyo ndi mtsogolo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa njira ya mphepo.
Chitetezo cha Yaw System ndi Turbine Structural
Kuwonjezera pa kuonjezera kupanga, makina a yaw amagwira ntchito ngati njira yotetezera kapangidwe ka turbine. Kusakhazikika bwino kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse katundu wozungulira wowononga. Masamba a rotor amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yogawa yosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yopindika komanso ma torque owonjezera. Katunduyu amatumizidwa ku shaft yayikulu, gearbox (ngati ilipo), jenereta, komanso ngakhale nsanja.
Dongosolo la yaw limathandiza kuchepetsa kutopa m'zigawo zofunika. Pamene rotor ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mphepo, mphamvu za aerodynamic zimakhala zofanana kwambiri, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kupsinjika kwamkati pa kapangidwe kake. Pankhani ya uinjiniya wodalirika, dongosolo labwino la yaw limatanthauza kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa zigawo, kuchepa kwa nthawi yokonzanso, komanso kuchepa kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Zigawo Zazikulu za Dongosolo la Yaw ndi Momwe Zimagwirira Ntchito
1. Sensa ya mphepo: Imayesa njira ya mphepo poyerekeza ndi nacelle. Deta iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri poika mphamvu yowongolera.
2. Wowongolera: Amakonza deta ya sensa ndikusankha malamulo a yaw. Kawirikawiri, wowongolera amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ozikidwa pa malire, zosefera, ndi kuchedwa kwa nthawi kuti apewe kuyenda kwambiri.
3. Kuyendetsa kwa Yaw: Mota yamagetsi (nthawi zina mayunitsi angapo) yomwe imazungulira nacelle kudzera mu magiya pa bearing yaw. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma mota angapo kumathandiza kugawa katundu ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kubwerezabwereza.
4. Kunyamula kwa Yaw: Chikwama chachikulu, chooneka ngati mphete chomwe chimalola nacelle kuzungulira pamwamba pa nsanja. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimathandizira katundu wambiri.
5. Brake ya Yaw: Brake yomwe imatseka nacelle pamalo pake kuti isazungulire momasuka. Brake iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti ikhale yokhazikika pamene turbine sikusintha.
Dongosolo la kuyamwa lingafanizidwe ndi "khosi" lomwe limatembenuza mutu, pomwe rotor ndi "nkhope" yomwe nthawi zonse imayenera kuyang'ana komwe mphepo imachokera.
Mavuto: Kutopa, Kusamalira, ndi Kulephera Kugwira Ntchito
Chifukwa chakuti imanyamula katundu wolemera ndipo imagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta—mphepo yamphamvu, kutentha kosiyanasiyana, chinyezi, ndi dzimbiri—njira yodulira imawonongeka mosavuta. Mavuto ena ofala ndi awa:
- Kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi mabearing chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso mafuta osakwanira.
- Kuwonongeka kwa injini ya yaw chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu kapena mavuto amagetsi.
- Mavuto ndi brake ya yaw yomwe imayambitsa kutsetsereka kapena kutsekeka kosakhazikika.
- Zolakwika za masensa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti turbine iyang'ane ndi mphepo yolakwika, kuchepetsa kupanga ndikuwonjezera katundu.
Chifukwa chake, kukonza zinthu monga kusanthula kugwedezeka, kuyang'anira mafuta, ndi kuyang'anira kutentha kwa injini kwakhala njira zofunika kwambiri mumakampani. Ma turbine ambiri amakono alinso ndi makina a SCADA kuti aziwunika momwe yaw imagwirira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni.
Zotsatira pa Ntchito za Mphepo
Pa mulingo wa mphepo, njira ya yaw imakhudza osati ma turbines okha komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito kudzera mu mphamvu ya mphepo (mphepo). Turbine yomwe sikuyang'anizana bwino ndi mphepo imatha kupanga kudzuka kosiyana ndikukhudza ma turbines omwe ali kumbuyo kwake. Njira zina zogwirira ntchito zimagwiritsanso ntchito chiwongolero cha kudzuka, kusintha mwadala kudzuka pang'ono kuti kutsogolere kudzuka kuchokera ku ma turbines ena kuti kuwonjezere kupanga konse kwa famu ya mphepo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti yaw si chida "chokhazikitsira njira" yokha, komanso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukonza bwino pamlingo wa famu.
Mapeto
Dongosolo la yaw ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe nthawi zambiri limanyalanyazidwa, komabe ndilofunika kwambiri kuti turbine ya mphepo ipambane popanga magetsi moyenera komanso mosamala. Mwa kusunga rotor ikuyang'anizana ndi mphepo, dongosolo la yaw limawonjezera kupanga mphamvu, limachepetsa katundu womangidwa, limachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zigawo, ndipo limathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti turbine ikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu nthawi yomwe kugwira ntchito bwino, kudalirika, ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri pa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, mtundu wa kapangidwe ndi kuwongolera kwa dongosolo la yaw ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, ngati masamba a rotor ndi "manja" omwe amagwira mphamvu ya mphepo, ndiye kuti dongosolo la yaw ndi "chitsogozo" chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti manja amenewo nthawi zonse amakhala pamalo oyenera kuti agwire ntchito bwino.
