Mphamvu yamagetsi pa kondakitala wa mpira - mavuto ndi mayankho
1. Chowongolera mpira wopanda kanthu cha 4-μC chili ndi utali wa masentimita 8. Dziwani mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa mpira. (k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2 )
Zodziwika:
The mtengo wamagetsi (Q) = 4 μC = 4 x 10-6 C 
Utali wa mpira (r) = 8 cm = 8 x 10 -2 m
Chosasintha cha Coulomb (k) = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2
Kufunidwa: Mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa mpira (V)
Yankho:
V = k Q / r
V = (9 x 10 9 )(4 x 10 -6 ) / (8 x 10 -2 )
V = (36 x 10 3 ) / (8 x 10 -2 )
V = (36/8) x 10 3 x 10 2
V = 4.5 x 10 5 Volt
2. Kondakitala wozungulira ali ndi utali wa masentimita atatu (1 μC = 10 -6 C ndipo k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2 ). Ngati kondakitala ali ndi mphamvu yabwino +1 μC ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo A ndi …
Yankho:
Mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa kondakitala yozungulira = Mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa kondakitala yozungulira.
Zodziwika:
Mphamvu yamagetsi (Q) = 1 μC = 1 x 10-6 C 
Utali wa woyendetsa wozungulira (r) = 3 cm = 3 x 10 -2 m
Chosasintha cha Coulomb (k) = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2
Kufunidwa: Mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo A (V)
Yankho:
V = k Q / r
V = (9 x 10 9 )(1 x 10 -6 ) / (3 x 10 -2 )
V = (9 x 10 3 ) / (3 x 10 -2 )
V = (9/3) x 10 3 x 10 2
V = 3 x 10 5 Volt
3. Mpira wachitsulo wopanda kanthu wokhala ndi utali wa masentimita 9 uli ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya Coulomb ya 6.4 x 10 -9 , monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pansipa. Mtunda pakati pa mfundo O ndi mfundo P = 4 cm; Mtunda pakati pa mfundo P ndi mfundo Q = 5 cm; Mtunda pakati pa mfundo Q ndi mfundo R = 18 cm ndi k = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2 . Dziwani mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo P.
Anakonza
Mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa kondakitala yozungulira = Mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa kondakitala yozungulira.
Zodziwika:
Mphamvu yamagetsi (Q) = 6.4 x 10-9 C
Utali wa woyendetsa wozungulira (r) = OP + PQ = 4 cm + 5 cm = 9 cm = 9 x 10 -2 m
Chosasintha cha Coulomb (k) = 9.10 9 Nm 2 .C -2
Kufunidwa: Mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo P (V)
Yankho:
V = k Q / r
V = (9 x 10 9 )(6,4 x 10 -9 ) / (9 x 10 -2 )
V = 10 9 (6,4 x 10 -9 ) / 10 -2
V = 6.4 / 10 -2
V = 6.4 x 10 2
V = 6.4 x 100
V = 640 Volt
1. Funso: Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa unit charge pamalo enaake mumlengalenga.
2. Funso: Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa mpira woyendetsa magetsi imatsimikiziridwa bwanji?
Yankho: Mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa mpira woyendetsa ndi yofanana ndipo imaperekedwa ndi fomula V = kQ/R, pomwe Q ndiye mphamvu pa mpira ndipo R ndiye radius yake.
3. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yosasintha kulikonse pamwamba pa mpira woyendetsa magetsi womwe uli ndi mphamvu?
Yankho: Ma conductors omwe ali mu equilibrium ya electrostatic ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili yolunjika pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, palibe ntchito yomwe imachitika poyendetsa mphamvu pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvuyo ikhale yokhazikika.
4. Funso: Kodi kuthekera kumasiyana bwanji mkati mwa mpira wowongolera?
Yankho: Mkati mwa mpira woyendetsa womwe uli ndi mphamvu zofanana, mphamvu yamagetsi imasiyana, koma pankhani ya mpira woyendetsa wopanda kanthu, mphamvuyo imakhalabe yokhazikika mkati ndipo imafanana ndi mphamvu yomwe ili pamwamba pake.
5. Funso: Kodi kukula kwa mpira woyendetsa mpira kumakhudza bwanji mphamvu yake pamwamba, poganizira kuti umakhala ndi mphamvu yokhazikika?
Yankho: Mpira waukulu (wokulirapo R) ungakhale ndi mphamvu yocheperako pamwamba pa mphamvu yoperekedwa Q, kutengera fomula V = kQ/R.
6. Funso: Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi imakhudzana bwanji ndi mphamvu yamagetsi?
Yankho: Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimagwirizana ndi equation E = -dV/dr, pomwe dV ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ndipo dr ndi kusintha kwa malo.
7. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani sitingakhale ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa mpira woyendetsa magetsi mu equilibrium ya electrostatic?
Yankho: Ma electron omwe ali mu conductor amasuntha mpaka atachotsa magetsi aliwonse akunja. Akangofika pamlingo woyenera, magetsi omwe ali mkati mwa conductor amakhala zero.
8. Funso: Kodi chingachitike ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya mpira woyendetsa ngati kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe ili pa mpirawo kungawirikize kawiri?
Yankho: Kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yamagetsi ya Q kungawirikize kawiri mphamvu yamagetsi ya V, poganizira ubale wa V = kQ/R.
9. Funso: Kodi tanthauzo la mawu oti 'k' mu njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi lotani?
Yankho: 'k' ndi chinthu chosasinthika cha Coulomb, chomwe chili pafupifupi 8.99 x 10⁹ N.m²/C² mu vacuum.
10. Funso: Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi imasiyana bwanji ndi mphamvu yamagetsi?
Yankho: Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yomwe chaji imakhala nayo chifukwa cha malo ake m'munda wamagetsi, pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa chaji iliyonse.
11. Funso: Kodi mpira woyendetsa womwe uli ndi mphamvu umakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi ya zinthu zapafupi?
Yankho: Inde, chinthu chilichonse chodzaza ndi magetsi chimapanga mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo ozungulira, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi ya zinthu zapafupi.
12. Funso: Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo oyandikira mpira woyendetsa magetsi imawerengedwa bwanji?
Yankho: Zimawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula V = kQ/r, pomwe r ndi mtunda wochokera pakati pa mpira mpaka pa mfundo.
13. Funso: Ngati mipira iwiri yofanana yoyendetsera, imodzi yoyendetsedwa ndi ina yopanda magetsi, yalumikizidwa kenako nkulekanitsidwa, nchiyani chimachitika ndi mphamvu ya iliyonse?
Yankho: Mphamvu idzagawidwa mofanana pakati pa mipira iwiriyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zawo zikhale zofanana.
14. Funso: Kodi ntchito ya njira yokhazikitsira pansi ndi yotani pakukhudza kuthekera kwa mpira wowongolera?
Yankho: Kuyika kondakitala pansi kumailola kusinthana mphamvu ndi Dziko Lapansi mpaka mphamvu yake itakhala zero.
15. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu yamagetsi ili zero mkati mwa mpira woyendetsa womwe uli pansi?
Yankho: Akayimitsa, kondakitala amasinthanitsa ma chaji ndi Dziko Lapansi mpaka mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili mkati mwake itathetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zero.
16. Funso: Kodi mawonekedwe a kondakitala amakhudza mphamvu yake pamwamba?
Yankho: Pa chaji inayake, kugawa kumatha kusiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe, koma mu electrostatic equilibrium, mphamvu imakhalabe yokhazikika pamwamba pa kondakitala iliyonse.
17. Funso: Kodi kugawa kwa ndalama kumasiyana bwanji pa kondakitala wosazungulira?
Yankho: Pa kondakitala yosazungulira, mphamvu imawonjezeka kwambiri pamalo akuthwa kapena m'mphepete chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mizere yamagetsi.
18. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimatha kukhala pa zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri popanda kuvulala ndi magetsi?
Yankho: Mbalame sizigwidwa ndi magetsi chifukwa sizikumaliza ntchito yoyendetsa magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yokhazikika thupi lonse chifukwa zimangogwira waya umodzi wokha, kotero palibe kusiyana komwe kulipo.
19. Funso: Kodi kukhalapo kwa chinthu cha dielectric pafupi ndi mpira woyendetsa magetsi kumakhudza bwanji mphamvu yake yamagetsi?
Yankho: Zipangizo zamagetsi zimakhudza gawo lamagetsi pafupi ndi kondakitala, zomwe zimatha kukhudza mphamvu. Kawirikawiri, magetsi zamagetsi amachepetsa gawo lamagetsi logwira ntchito.
20. Funso: Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yotani pa malo omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi mpira woyendetsa magetsi womwe uli ndi mphamvu?
Yankho: Mphamvu yamagetsi imafika pa zero pamene munthu akuyenda kutali kwambiri ndi gwero lamagetsi.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu zamagetsi, makamaka ndi ma conductors monga mipira, kumapereka chidziwitso pazochitika zambiri mu electrostatics ndi ntchito zenizeni.
