Nkhani zokhudza Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi
Mu 1819, wasayansi wina wa ku Denmark dzina lake Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) anapeza ubale pakati pa mphamvu ya maginito ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kapena mphamvu zoyenda. Anapeza kuti singano ya kampasi ikakhala pafupi ndi waya wamoyo, singano ya kampasi imatembenuka. Ngati palibe mphamvu, singano ya kampasi imaloza kumpoto.
Singano ya kampasi ndi maginito, kotero imatha kusunthidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito. Kodi mphamvu ya maginito (F) imachokera kuti? Pafupi ndi singano ya kampasi, pali waya wonyamula mphamvu yamagetsi kotero kuti mphamvu ya maginito iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.
Yang'anani chithunzi chomwe chili m'mbali. Kulunjika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi ikupita kungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi (I) ikupita mmwamba, komwe mphamvu yamagetsi (B) ikupita kumanzere kuli kofanana ndi komwe kwawonetsedwa kumanzere. Ngati njira yamagetsi ikutsika, komwe mphamvu yamagetsi ikupita kuli kofanana ndi komwe kwawonetsedwa kumanja.
Mphamvu ya maginito imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa waya wonyamulira magetsi
Kale, zidafotokozedwa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa singano ya kampasi ya maginito. Kodi maginito ingagwiritsenso ntchito mphamvu pa mphamvu yamagetsi?
Tiyerekeze kuti pali waya wonyamula magetsi oyikidwa pakati pa mizati ya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa maginito. Kulunjika kwa mphamvu ya maginito kumawonetsedwa ndi muvi wochokera kumpoto kupita ku South Pole. Ngati kulunjika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (I) kumawonetsedwa ndi muvi wofiira, ndiye kuti mphamvu ya maginito (F) imaonekera yomwe ikuimiridwa ndi muvi wabuluu.
Kulunjika kwa mphamvu ya maginito F kuli kolunjika ku mbali ya mphamvu yamagetsi I ndi kolunjika ku mbali ya mphamvu ya maginito B.
Kulunjika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, komwe mphamvu ya maginito imalowera, ndi komwe mphamvu ya maginito imalowera, zitha kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja.
Ubale pakati pa mphamvu ya maginito, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya maginito umafotokozedwa ndi equation yotsatirayi.
F = BI l sin θ
F ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya maginito, B ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya maginito, I ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu yamagetsi, l ndi chizindikiro cha kutalika kwa waya womwe uli mu mphamvu ya maginito.
θ ndi ngodya pakati pa njira ya magetsi ndi njira ya mphamvu ya maginito. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ili yolunjika ku mphamvu ya maginito (90o) ndiye kuti mtengo wa sin 90 = 1. Fomula imasintha kukhala F = BI l, mosiyana ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ili yofanana ndi mphamvu ya maginito (0o) ndiye kuti mtengo wa sin 0 = 0 kotero kuti mphamvu ya maginito ndi 0.
Kuti muwerenge mphamvu ya maginito, fomula yomwe ili pamwambapa imasinthidwa kukhala: B = F / I l.
Gawo lapadziko lonse la mphamvu ya maginito ndi Newton (chidule cha N), gawo lapadziko lonse la mphamvu ya maginito ndi Tesla (chidule cha T). Tesla adatchulidwa dzina la wopanga komanso wasayansi waku Serbia-America, Nikola Tesla (1856-1943). Kutengera njira ya mphamvu ya maginito yomwe ili pamwambapa, mphamvu ya maginito imathanso kufotokozedwa m'mayunitsi a Newtons pa Ampere mita (N/A m). Kupatula Tesla, mphamvu ya maginito imafotokozedwanso m'mayunitsi a Gauss (G). Gauss amachokera ku dzina la katswiri wa masamu, zakuthambo komanso wasayansi waku Germany, Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). 1G = 10-4T
Mphamvu ya maginito pa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zikuyenda mu mphamvu ya maginito
Mphamvu ya maginito imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito pa waya wonyamula magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda, kotero mphamvu ya maginito imatha kugwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu ya maginito pa mphamvu yamagetsi yosuntha momasuka, osati pa mawaya oyendetsera magetsi okha.
Fomula yowerengera mphamvu ya maginito pa ma charge amagetsi omwe akuyenda mu magnetic field imachokera ku fomula yapitayi ya mphamvu ya maginito F = BI l sin θ. Chifukwa I = q/t ndi l = vt, fomula ya mphamvu ya maginito imasintha kukhala,
Kufotokozera kwa fomula: F = mphamvu ya maginito, B = mphamvu ya maginito, q = mphamvu yamagetsi, v = liwiro la kayendedwe ka mphamvu, θ = ngodya pakati pa v ndi B
Ngati v ndi yolunjika ku B ndiye θ = 90 o , pomwe sin 90 o = 1. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati v ndi yofanana ndi B ndiye θ = 0 o , pomwe sin 0 o = 0. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya maginito ndi yayikulu kwambiri pamene v ndi yolunjika ku B ndipo mphamvu ya maginito ndi zero pamene v ndi yofanana ndi B.
Kulunjika kwa mphamvu ya maginito F kuli kolunjika ku mphamvu ya maginito B ndipo kolunjika ku liwiro la mphamvu yamagetsi v.
