Fomula yofotokozera ndi mitundu ya mafunde amakina

Nkhani zokhudza Tanthauzo la Fomula ndi mitundu ya mafunde amakina

TANTHAUZO LA MAFUPI A MAKANIKO

Ngati mugwira mbali imodzi ya chingwe ndikuchigwedeza mmwamba ndi pansi, mafunde amaonekera omwe amafalikira motsatira chingwecho. Kapena ngati mugwetsa mwala m'madzi, mafunde amaonekera pamwamba pa madzi. Chingwe ndi madzi zimangoyendayenda mmwamba ndi pansi, osati kusuntha molunjika. Mafunde pa chingwe ndi mafunde m'madzi ndi zitsanzo za mafunde amakina.

Mafunde a makina ndi mafunde omwe amayenda kudzera mu sing'anga. Zitsanzo za mafunde a makina ndi mafunde pa zingwe kapena zingwe, mafunde m'madzi, mafunde amawu omwe amafalikira mu sing'anga yamlengalenga, ndi mafunde a chivomerezi omwe amafalikira mu sing'anga yanthaka. Mafunde amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pomwe sing'anga yomwe mafunde amanjenjemera ili mozungulira malo ofanana.

Mitundu ya Mafunde a Makina

Kutengera mawonekedwe awo, mafunde amakina amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri, yomwe ndi mafunde opingasa, ndi mafunde a longitudinal.

Mafunde ozungulira ndi mafunde omwe amapezeka pamene njira ya kayendedwe ka mafunde ili yolunjika ku njira ya kayendedwe ka tinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mafunde pa chingwe, mafunde pamadzi.

Ngati mafunde omwe ali mu chingwe akuyenda molunjika, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mu chingwe timayenda molunjika. Mofananamo, ngati mafunde amadzi akuyenda molunjika, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mu chingwe timayenda molunjika.

Mafunde aatali ndi mafunde omwe amapezeka pamene njira yoyendera mafunde ikufanana ndi njira yoyendera tinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mafunde m'masika, ndi mafunde amawu mumlengalenga.

Ngati mafunde a pa kasupe ayenda molunjika, ndiye kuti kuchulukana ndi mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa mu kasupe zimayendayendanso molunjika.

Mofananamo, ngati mafunde a phokoso ayenda molunjika, mpweya umachepa ndikufalikira molunjika.

Mafunde a chivomerezi amakhala ndi mafunde opingasa (otchedwa mafunde otsetsereka) ndi mafunde a longitudinal (otchedwa mafunde opanikizika).

Fomula ya mafunde a makina

Fomula Yosinthira Mafunde

Kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mafunde, monga Amplitude (A), Frequency (f), Period (T), ndi Wave speed (v).

Kutalika kwake ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Nthawiyi ndi nthawi yomwe mafunde awiri otsatizana/zigwa zimadutsa pamalo omwewo mumlengalenga. Kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi chiwerengero cha nsonga/zigwa zomwe zimadutsa pamalo omwewo pa unit ya nthawi.

Mafunde a makina amayenda pa liwiro linalake. Fomula ya liwiro la mafunde ndi iyi:

v = λ f = λ/T

v = liwiro la mafunde, λ = kutalika kwa nthawi, f = pafupipafupi, T = nthawi.

Gawo lapadziko lonse la kutalika kwa mafunde ndi mamita, gawo la pafupipafupi ndi Hertz, ndipo gawo la nthawi ndi masekondi. Gawo la liwiro la mafunde ndi mamita/sekondi.

Chitsanzo cha Vuto:

Mafunde opingasa pa chingwe amakhala ndi ma frequency a 2 Hz (mafunde awiri amadutsa pamalo omwewo mumlengalenga, kwa sekondi imodzi) ndipo ali ndi mafunde a mamita atatu (mtunda pakati pa mafunde awiri apafupi ndi mamita awiri). Kodi liwiro la mafunde ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

Mafupipafupi (f) = 2 Hz

Kutalika kwa mafunde (λ) = mamita 3

Kufunidwa: Liwiro ​​(v)

yankho;

v = λ f = 3 (2) = 6 m/s

Liwiro la mafunde opingasa mu sing'anga limadalira mtundu wa sing'anga yomwe imadutsamo. Mwachitsanzo, liwiro la mafunde pa chingwe (chingwe, chingwe, waya) limadalira mphamvu ya chingwe (FT) ndi kuchuluka kwa chingwe (kulemera kwa chingwe pa unit length).

Chitsanzo cha Vuto:

Mafunde ali ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndipo amafalikira pa chingwe chomwe chili ndi kutalika kwa mamita 100 ndipo chimakhala ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu awiri. Kukakamizika kwa chingwe ndi 200 N. Kodi liwiro la mafunde mu chingwe ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

Utali wa mafunde (λ) = mita imodzi

Kutalika kwa chingwe (L) = mamita 100

Kulemera kwa chingwe (m) = 2 kg

Kukanika kwa chingwe (T) = 200 N

Kufunidwa: Kuthamanga kwa mafunde pa chingwe (v)

yankho;

Fomula ya Mafunde a Longitudinal 

Liwiro la mafunde a longitudinal mu sing'anga limadalira mtundu wa sing'anga yomwe imadutsa. Liwiro la mafunde a longitudinal omwe amafalikira pa ndodo zolimba limawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:

v = liwiro la mafunde, E = modulus yosalala ya Young, ρ = kuchulukana

Chitsanzo cha Vuto:

Werengerani liwiro la mafunde a mawu omwe akuyenda pa njanji yachitsulo. Modulus ya Young Steel ya elasticity = 2 x 10 ¹¹ N/m ² ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo = 7.8 x 10 ³ kg/m ³

Zodziwika:

Modulus yotanuka ya Chitsulo (E) = 2 x 10 ¹¹ N/m ²

Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo (ρ) = 7.8 x 10 ³ kg/ ^m3

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la mafunde a phokoso

yankho;

Liwiro la mafunde a longitudinal omwe amafalikira mu zakumwa ndi mpweya limawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi: v = liwiro la mafunde, B = bulk modulus, ρ = density

Chitsanzo cha Vuto:

Kodi liwiro la mafunde a longitudinal ndi lotani akamayenda m'madzi?

Modulus ya madzi ambiri (B) = 2 x 10 ⁹ N/m ²

Kuchuluka kwa madzi (ρ) = 1000 kg/ ^m3

yankho;

Liwiro la mafunde aatali akamafalikira m'madzi: