Mphamvu ya Conservative ndi mphamvu yosakhala ya Conservative
1. Gulu la Conservative
1.1 Kulemera (w)
Yang'anani chinthu chomwe chimakwera molunjika mpaka kufika pa msinkhu wapamwamba musanasunthe pansi kupita kumalo ake oyamba. Mukasuntha molunjika mmwamba ndi h, kulemera kumakhala kosiyana ndi kusuntha. Chifukwa chake, kulemerako kumagwira ntchito yotsutsa pa chinthucho.
W = wh (cos 180o) = – wh = – mgh
Chikafika kutalika kwakukulu, chinthucho chimatsika pansi kupita ku malo ake oyamba ndi h. Chikatsika pansi, kulemera kumakhala kofanana ndi kusamuka. Chifukwa chakuti chili m'njira yomweyo ndi kusamuka, kulemerako kumagwira ntchito bwino.
W = wh (cos 0o) = wh = mgh
Kulemera kwa chinthu (m), mphamvu yokoka (g), ndi kutalika (h) ndi chimodzimodzi, kotero ntchitoyo imachitika ndi kulemera kwake popeza chinthucho chimayamba kuyenda molunjika mmwamba mpaka chibwerere pamalo ake oyamba ndi zero.
W = mgh – mgh = 0
1.2 Mphamvu ya Masika
Yang'anani kasupe woikidwa pamalo opingasa. Ngati mbali yakumanja ya kasupe ikankhidwira kapena kukanikiza kumanzere, kasupeyo imakhala ndi mphamvu yokankhira kumanja. Mutha kutsimikizira izi mwa kukanikiza kasupe. Mwachitsanzo, ikani chinthu kumapeto kwa kumanja, kenako kanikizani chinthucho kumanzere. Kasupeyo akatembenuka ndi Δx, chotsani dzanja lanu pa chinthucho ndi kasupeyo. Dzanja likasakhudzananso ndi kasupeyo, kasupeyo adzakankhira chinthucho kumanja.
Chinthucho chikasuntha kumanzere, njira yoyendera ndi kusuntha kwake zimakhala zosiyana ndi njira ya mphamvu ya kasupe. Chifukwa chakuti njirazo zimakhala zosiyana, mphamvu ya kasupe imagwira ntchito yotsutsa.
W = – ½ k (Δx)2
Chinthucho chikasuntha kupita kumanja, komwe chimayenda komanso komwe chikuyenda kumakhala kofanana ndi mphamvu ya kasupe. Chifukwa chakuti njira zake ndi zofanana, mphamvu ya kasupe imagwira ntchito yabwino.
W = ½ k (Δx)2
Kasupe wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yemweyo, kotero chosasintha cha kasupe (k) ndi chomwecho. Kupatuka kwa kasupe (Δx) nakonso ndi komweko.
Motero, ntchitoyo imachitika potengera kulemera pamene chinthucho chikuyamba kusuntha kumanzere ndi Δx kenako nkubwerera kumanja ndi Δx ndi zero.
W = ½ k (Δx)2 – ½ k (Δx)2 = 0
Ntchitoyi imachitidwa ndi kulemera ndi mphamvu ya masika popeza chinthucho chimayamba kusuntha kuchokera pamalo ake oyamba mpaka chibwerere, ndiye kuti chili ndi zero. Ngati ntchitoyo idachitika ndi mphamvu popeza isuntha kuchokera pamalo ake oyamba mpaka chibwerere, ndiye kuti chili ndi zero, mphamvuyo imatchedwa mphamvu yosunga. Motero, mphamvu ya masika ndi kulemera ndi zitsanzo za mphamvu zosunga.
2. Mphamvu Yosakhala Yosunga Chikhalidwe
Yang'anani chinthu chomwe chikukankhidwira kumanja kenako nkuchikankhira kumbuyo kumanzere. Chinthucho chikasuntha kapena kusuntha kupita kumanja, njira yosunthira chinthucho imakhala yofanana ndi njira ya mphamvu yopondereza (F) ndipo imasiyana ndi njira ya mphamvu yokangana (f).k). Popeza ili mbali imodzi ndi kusuntha, mphamvu yosonkhezera imagwira ntchito yabwino pa chinthucho.
W = F s
M'malo mwake, mphamvu ya kinetic frictional imagwira ntchito yoyipa pa chinthucho.
W = – fk s
Ntchitoyi idachitika ndi mphamvu yokankhira ndi mphamvu yokangana pa chinthucho pamene chinthucho chikuyamba kusuntha kuchokera pamalo ake oyamba mpaka chibwererenso:
W = 2 F s
W = -2 fk s
Ntchitoyi imachitidwa ndi mphamvu yosonkhezera ndi mphamvu yosonkhezera chifukwa chinthucho chimayamba kusuntha kuchokera pamalo ake oyamba mpaka chibwerere, palibe chofanana ndi zero. Ngati ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu kuyambira chinthucho chikuyamba kusuntha kuchokera pamalo ake oyamba mpaka chibwerere, palibe chofanana ndi zero, mphamvuyo imatchedwa mphamvu yosasinthika. Motero, mphamvu yosonkhezera ndi mphamvu yosonkhezera ndi zitsanzo za mphamvu zosasinthika.
1. Kodi mphamvu yosunga malamulo ndi chiyani? Mphamvu yosunga zinthu mwadongosolo ndi imene ntchito yosuntha chinthu pakati pa mfundo ziwiri siimasiyana ndi njira yomwe yatengedwa. Mphamvu yokoka ndi yamagetsi ndi zitsanzo za mphamvu zosunga zinthu mwadongosolo.
2. Kodi ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yosunga malamulo imakhudzana bwanji ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke? Ntchito yomwe yachitidwa ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu pa chinthu chomwe chikuyenda kuchokera pa mfundo A kupita pa mfundo B ndi yofanana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu (∆U) pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi: Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati chinthu chikupeza mphamvu, ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yosunga zinthu zakale imakhala yoipa, ndipo mosemphanitsanso.
3. Kodi mphamvu yosasunga malamulo ndi chiyani? Mphamvu yosasunga zinthu mwachisawawa ndi imene ntchito yosuntha chinthu pakati pa mfundo ziwiri imadalira njira yomwe yatengedwa. Kukangana ndi kukana mpweya ndi zitsanzo za mphamvu zosasunga zinthu mwachisawawa.
4. Kodi mphamvu yosasintha zinthu imakhudza bwanji mphamvu ya makina ya dongosolo? Mphamvu yosasunga zinthu zakale ingasinthe mphamvu yonse ya makina (chiwerengero cha mphamvu za kinetic ndi potential) ya dongosolo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yosasunga zinthu zakale siisungidwa ngati mphamvu yosunga zinthu zakale koma nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu, monga kutentha.
5. Kodi munthu angadziwe bwanji ngati mphamvu ndi yosunga malamulo kapena yosasunga malamulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsekedwa? Kwa mphamvu yosunga zinthu mwadongosolo, ntchito ya ukonde yomwe yachitika pa chinthu ikadutsa njira yonse yozungulira ndi zero. Ngati ntchito ya ukonde yomwe yachitika pa kuzungulira kozungulira si zero, mphamvuyo si yosunga zinthu mwadongosolo.
6. Kodi kupindika kwa mphamvu kumagwira ntchito yotani podziwa ngati mphamvu ndi yosunga malamulo? Ngati kupindika kwa mphamvu ya malo kuli zero kulikonse mumlengalenga, mphamvuyo ndi yosunga nthawi. Ngati kupindika sikuli zero, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo si yosunga nthawi.
7. Kodi mphamvu yokoka imakhudzana bwanji ndi mphamvu zosungira zinthu? Mphamvu yokoka imayamba chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka yomwe imagwira ntchito mosamalitsa. Kukwera kwa kutalika kwa mphamvu yokoka kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yokoka, pomwe ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka ndi yoipa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pamene chinthu chikuyandikira Dziko Lapansi.
8. N’chifukwa chiyani kukangana sikuli ndi mphamvu yogwirizana nayo monga mphamvu zina zosungira zinthu? Kukangana ndi mphamvu yosasintha; chifukwa chake, ntchito yochitidwa ndi kukangana sisungidwa ngati mphamvu yothekera. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina, monga kutentha, ndipo singathe kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu ngati mphamvu yamakina.
9. Pankhani ya chinthu chomwe chimatsika pansi mopendekeka, kodi mphamvu zosungira zinthu zakale komanso zosasunga zinthu zakale zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Chinthu chikatsika pansi pa malo otsetsereka, mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu yosunga zinthu, imagwira ntchito pa chinthucho, n’kusintha mphamvu yake kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic. Ngati pali kukangana pakati pa chinthucho ndi malo otsetsereka (mphamvu yosasunga zinthu), imatsutsana ndi kayendedwe kake ndipo imachepetsa mphamvu ya kinetic ya chinthucho, n’kusintha zina mwa izo kukhala kutentha.
10. Kodi mphamvu zonse za dongosolo zingasungidwe ngakhale mphamvu zosasunga malamulo zikukhudzidwa? Inde, mphamvu yonse ya dongosolo (kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya mphamvu monga makina, kutentha, ndi zina zotero) imasungidwa motsatira lamulo losunga mphamvu. Komabe, mphamvu zosasunga zikagwira ntchito, mphamvu ya makina (chiwerengero cha mphamvu za kinetic ndi potential) sizingasungidwe chifukwa zina mwa izo zimasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu, monga kutentha kapena phokoso.
