Momwe Mungapezere Malo Oyenera a Ziweto
Kusankha malo ndi chimodzi mwa zisankho zofunika kwambiri poyambitsa kapena kukulitsa bizinesi ya ziweto. Malo omwe akuwoneka "aakulu komanso otsika mtengo" sangakhale oyenera, chifukwa ulimi wa ziweto umafuna malo enieni, mwayi wopeza, ndi zofunikira zalamulo kuti ntchito ziyende bwino komanso kuti ziweto zikhale zokolola bwino. Kusankha malo osayenera kungayambitse ndalama zambiri zodyetsera ziweto, kupsinjika maganizo ndi matenda a ziweto, mikangano ndi anthu okhala m'deralo, komanso mavuto a zilolezo. Chifukwa chake, njira yofufuzira malo imafuna njira yokonzedweratu bwino, poganizira zaukadaulo, zachuma, komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Nayi chitsogozo chathunthu cha momwe mungapezere malo oyenera odyetsera ziweto.
1. Dziwani mtundu wa ziweto ndi zolinga za bizinesi
Gawo loyamba ndikudziwa zinthu zoti ziweto zilemeredwe, monga ng'ombe za ng'ombe, ng'ombe za mkaka, mbuzi/nkhosa, nkhuku za broiler, nkhuku zoyamwitsa, abakha, kapena ulimi wophatikizana. Mtundu uliwonse wa ziweto uli ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa malo.
– Ng'ombe za ng'ombe nthawi zambiri zimafuna malo osungiramo ziweto, khola la ziweto, malo osungiramo ndowe, ndipo makamaka pafupi ndi komwe kuli chakudya chobiriwira kapena zipangizo zopangira ziweto.
– Ng'ombe za mkaka zimafuna madzi ambiri komanso malo abwino oti zizikhala ndi kutentha koyenera, komanso mwayi wopita kumisika kapena ku mafakitale opangira mkaka mwachangu.
– Nkhuku zoberekera/zoyikira mazira zimafunika kutetezedwa kwambiri ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi, mtunda wabwino kuchokera m'malo okhala anthu, komanso njira zabwino zofalitsira.
– Mbuzi/nkhosa zimasinthasintha mosavuta, koma zimafunikabe kupeza chakudya, madzi abwino, komanso malo opanda chinyezi.
Ndi cholinga chomveka bwino (chaching'ono, chapakati, kapena cha mafakitale), mutha kuwerengera malo ndi zinthu zothandizira zomwe zikufunika kuyambira pachiyambi, kuti kusaka kwanu kukhale kolunjika kwambiri.
2. Kuwerengera zofunikira pa malo ndi mapulani otukula
Alimi ambiri amangoganizira za kukula kwa khola, ngakhale kuti malo abwino olimapo alinso ndi malo osungiramo zakudya, malo osungira ziweto, malo osamalira thanzi, njira zoyendera magalimoto, malo okonzera zinyalala, komanso malo oti afutukule.
Pangani dongosolo losavuta:
- kuchuluka kwa ziweto zoyamba (monga nkhuku 200 zoyamwitsa kapena ng'ombe 20)
- kuthekera kokwaniritsa zolinga za zaka 2-5 zikubwerazi
- zofunikira pa malo ogwirira ntchito (makhola, malo odyetsera, zipinda za ogwira ntchito, zitsime, malo osungiramo madzi, malo oyikamo magetsi)
- njira yokonzera zinyalala (manyowa, biogas, dziwe losungiramo zinyalala)
Ndi dongosolo ili, mutha kupewa vuto la "malo ochepa" omwe amakukakamizani kusamutsa malo kapena kulepheretsa kukula kwa bizinesi.
3. Samalani ndi mwayi wopeza madzi oyera ndi magetsi.
Madzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ulimi wa ziweto. Kusowa kwa madzi kungayambitse kuchepa kwa kupanga ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda. Onetsetsani kuti madzi akupezeka:
– imapezeka chaka chonse (osati nthawi yamvula yokha)
- khalidwe lake ndi labwino (losadetsedwa ndi zinyalala za fakitale, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kapena kulowa m'madzi a m'nyanja)
- madzi okwanira oti ziweto zimwe, zitsukire, komanso zimbudzi ziume bwino
Kuphatikiza apo, magetsi okhazikika ndi ofunikira pa magetsi, mapampu amadzi, makina odyetsera ziweto, ndi makina opumira mpweya (makamaka m'nyumba zamakono za nkhuku). Ngati magetsi sapezeka mosavuta, ganizirani mtengo woyika magetsiwo kapena njira zina monga majenereta ndi ma solar panels.
4. Yang'anani momwe nthaka ilili, malo ake, ndi madzi otuluka m'nthaka
Malo abwino olima ayenera kukhala opanda madzi osefukira komanso okhala ndi ngalande zokwanira zachilengedwe.
– Malo otsetsereka pang'ono: malo otsetsereka pang'ono ndi abwino kuposa malo otsetsereka, chifukwa madzi amayenda ndipo saima.
– Kapangidwe ka nthaka: nthaka yomwe ili ndi dothi lochuluka imakonda kukhala matope, pomwe nthaka yamchenga nthawi zambiri imayamwa madzi mwachangu, koma imafunika chisamaliro kuti isakokoloke.
– Kuopsa kwa kusefukira kwa madzi: funsani anthu okhala m'deralo za mbiri ya kusefukira kwa madzi ndikuwona momwe ngalande zamadzi zilili.
Khola lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lonyowa limawonjezera ammonia, limathandizira kukula kwa mabakiteriya, komanso limayambitsa mavuto opuma m'ziweto.
5. Ganizirani za nyengo ndi komwe mphepo ikupita
Zinthu zokhudzana ndi nyengo nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa, koma zimakhudza mwachindunji thanzi la ziweto. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuchepetsa chilakolako ndi kukula, makamaka nkhuku za broiler ndi ng'ombe za mkaka. Chifukwa chake:
- sankhani malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino
- samalani ndi mphepo yomwe imayenda mofulumira kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha fungo loipa kufika m'nyumba.
- pewani malo ozunguliridwa ndi mapiri opanda mphepo yokwanira
Pa ulimi wokhazikika, mfundo zosavuta zokhudza kutentha kwapakati, chinyezi, ndi mvula zimakuthandizani kudziwa kapangidwe ka nyumba ndi momwe mpweya umafunikira.
6. Kutalikirana kotetezeka ndi malo okhala anthu ndi malo ogwirira ntchito za anthu onse
Mikangano ya anthu ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe minda imakakamizidwa kutsekedwa. Mwachiyembekezo, minda iyenera kukhala patali ndi nyumba zogonamo, masukulu, malo olambirira, ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa fungo loipa, ntchentche, phokoso, komanso chiopsezo chofalitsa matenda.
Kupatula mtunda, samalaninso ndi:
- mphepo yopita kumidzi
- njira yolowera mumsewu yomwe sidutsa m'malo okhala anthu ambiri (imachepetsa madandaulo ochokera kwa anthu okhala m'deralo pamene magalimoto odyetsera ziweto kapena magalimoto onyamula ziweto akubwera ndi kutuluka)
Kukhazikitsa kulumikizana koyambirira ndi atsogoleri ammudzi kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kukana.
7. Kufikira pamsewu ndi kuyandikira kwa misika/ogulitsa
Malo otsika mtengo kwambiri omwe ali kutali ndi misewu ikuluikulu angawonjezere ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu. Ziweto zimafuna magalimoto ambiri: chakudya chimabweretsedwa, ziweto zimatengedwa, mankhwala ndi zida zimatumizidwa, ndipo zokolola zimagulitsidwa.
Taganizirani izi:
- mikhalidwe ya msewu (phula, macadam, nthaka)
– kodi magalimoto akuluakulu amatha kudutsa nthawi yamvula?
- mtunda wopita ku chakudya, chimanga, chimanga, chakudya chochuluka, kapena malo odyetsera chakudya chobiriwira
- mtunda wopita kumsika, malo ophera nyama, malo osonkhanitsira zinthu, kapena malo opangira zinthu
Kupeza bwino nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa bizinesi kukhala yolimba kusinthasintha kwa ndalama ndipo kumathandiza kukula.
8. Unikaninso za malamulo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo
Nkhani zamalamulo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti malo ali bwino, mwachitsanzo:
- ufulu wa umwini kapena kugwiritsa ntchito womwe ungatchulidwe
- pakadali pano palibe mkangano
- malinga ndi mapulani a malo (osati malo otetezedwa kapena malo oletsedwa ku bizinesi ya ziweto)
Ngati mukubwereka nyumba, onetsetsani kuti lendi yalembedwa mokwanira, ndipo ikuphatikizapo ufulu womanga nyumbayo. Alimi ambiri amataya ndalama akamanga nkhokwe, koma lendiyo siikonzedwanso kapena pali mkangano wokhudza umwini wa nyumbayo.
9. Onetsetsani kuti njira yoyendetsera zinyalala imalola
Zinyalala za ziweto zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto, komanso mwayi wamalonda ngati zikusamalidwa bwino. Mukayang'ana malo, ganizirani za kayendedwe ka zinyalala:
– kodi pali malo oti anthu azitolera zinyalala?
– kodi n’zotheka kupanga manyowa kapena biogas?
– kodi pafupi ndi malo olimapo pamafunika feteleza wachilengedwe?
– kodi pali magwero a madzi omwe ayenera kutetezedwa ku kuipitsidwa?
Mafamu omwe ali ndi dongosolo labwino lotayira zinyalala nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta kupeza zilolezo ndipo amavomerezedwa ndi anthu ammudzi.
10. Chitani kafukufuku wosavuta wa m'munda ndi mayeso otheka
Mukapeza malo angapo omwe angakhalepo, chitani kafukufuku wa malowo. Musamangodalira zithunzi kapena nkhani ya mwini malo okha. Bweretsani mndandanda wa zinthu, lembani pamodzi ndi zithunzi, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, bweretsani munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito. Zinthu zoti muwone:
- kupezeka kwa madzi (zitsime, mitsinje, PDAM)
- zizindikiro zolumikizirana (zofunikira pakugwirizanitsa ntchito)
- momwe msewu ulili mvula ikagwa
- kukhalapo kwa minda ina yapafupi (kungakhale mwayi wogwirizana, komanso chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwa matenda ngati kuli pafupi kwambiri)
- fungo kapena kuipitsidwa kuchokera ku mafakitale ozungulira
Ngati n'kotheka, yesani nthaka mosavuta kapena funsani wothandizira ziweto kuti muwonetsetse kuti malowo ndi oyenera.
11. Yerekezerani ndalama zonse, osati mitengo ya malo okha.
Malo otsika mtengo siwotsika mtengo kwenikweni. Werengani "ndalama zonse zokonzekera malo," kuphatikizapo:
- kulinganiza nthaka, kumanga ngalande zotulutsira madzi
- kuboola zitsime kapena kuyika madzi
- kukhazikitsa magetsi
- kumanga misewu yolowera
- kumanga mipanda ndi malo oteteza zachilengedwe
Nthawi zambiri, malo okwera mtengo pang'ono koma omwe ali kale ndi madzi komanso magwero a madzi amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri pakapita nthawi.
12. Pangani zisankho kutengera deta ndi zofunika kwambiri
Pomaliza, fotokozani zotsatira zonse za kafukufukuyu ndikulemba malo aliwonse kutengera zomwe mukufuna: madzi, njira zolowera mumsewu, mtunda kuchokera kumadera okhala anthu, malamulo, chiopsezo cha kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi mwayi wokulitsa malo. Izi zikuthandizani kupanga chisankho cholondola, osati kutengera malingaliro kapena mtengo.
Kutseka
Kupeza malo oyenera a famu sikungofuna malo opanda kanthu omangira khola. Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti malowo akuthandiza zosowa za ziweto, kusunga magwiridwe antchito abwino, kusunga chitetezo cha chilengedwe, komanso kukwaniritsa kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu komanso malamulo. Mwa kudziwa mtundu wa ziweto ndi kukula kwa famuyo koyambirira, kuchita kafukufuku wathunthu wamunda, kutsimikizira zofunikira zalamulo, ndikuwerengera ndalama zonse zokonzekera malo, mutha kuchepetsa zoopsa ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopeza phindu. Malo oyenera adzakhazikitsa maziko olimba a famu yathanzi, yobala zipatso, komanso yokhazikika.
