Momwe Mungakonzere Ma Iron Ore mu Makampani Ogulitsa Migodi
Miyala yachitsulo ndi chuma chofunikira kwambiri pa mafakitale amakono, makamaka popanga zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zomangamanga, magalimoto, ndi zinthu zogulira. Kukumba ndi kukonza zitsulo zachitsulo ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta yomwe imafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso kulondola kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ifufuza magawo ofunikira pakukonza zitsulo zachitsulo m'makampani opanga migodi, kuyambira pakuchotsa mpaka kuyeretsa.
1. Kuchotsa Machitsulo Opangidwa ndi Iron
a. Kupeza ndi Kufufuza
Gawo loyamba mu ndondomekoyi kukonza miyala yamtengo wapatali Kukumba zitsulo ndi kupeza ndi kufufuza madera okhala ndi zitsulo. Akatswiri a za nthaka amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyala yachitsulo. njira monga kafukufuku Kufufuza za nthaka, kusanthula za nthaka, ndi kukumba malo ofufuzira kuti adziwe malo omwe ali ndi phindu pachuma. Deta yosonkhanitsidwayo ndiye kusanthula kuti adziwe kuchuluka ndi mtundu chitsulo m'mabokosi.
b. Kukumba migodi
Mukazindikira kuti pali miyala yachitsulo, njira yofukula migodi ingayambe. Kutengera malo ndi momwe zinthu zilili pa nthaka, chitsulo chamkuwa chingakumbwe kuchokera pamwamba (kukumba dzenje lotseguka) kapena kuchokera pansi pa nthaka (kukumba dzenje lotseguka). Mu migodi yotseguka, dothi ndi miyala yomwe ilibe chitsulo chamkuwa (overburden) imachotsedwa kaye, kenako chitsulo chamkuwa chomwe chili pansi pake chimakumbidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolemera monga ma draiver ofukula zinthu zakale, magalimoto otayira zinyalala, ndi mafosholo.
2. Kuphwanya ndi Kuwunika
Pambuyo poti miyala yachitsulo yakumba, gawo lotsatira ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa miyala yachitsulo kudzera mu kuphwanya ndi kuwunikira. Miyala yachitsulo yomwe yakumba nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu ndipo imafunika kuphwanyidwa m'zidutswa zazing'ono kuti ikonzedwenso. Njira yophwanyayi imaphatikizapo magawo angapo, kuyambira pa crusher yoyamba mpaka crusher yachiwiri ndi yachitatu, kuti apange miyala yachitsulo yopyapyala.
Pambuyo pophwanya, chitsulocho chimaphimbidwa kuti chilekanitse tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tolimba kwambiri. Kenako tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakonzedwanso, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitikukwaniritsa kukula komwe mukufuna timabwezedwa kuti tiphwanyidwenso.
3. Kulekanitsa Maginito
Kulekanitsa maginito ndi njira yothandiza yolekanitsira zitsulo ndi zinthu zosafunika kudzera mu kusiyana kwa mphamvu zawo zamaginito. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa mchere wa zitsulo, monga magnetite ndi hematite, uli ndi mphamvu zambiri zamaginito. Njira yolekanitsa maginito nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo angapo:
a. Kulekanitsa kwa Maginito Koopsa
Kenako miyala yachitsulo yophwanyika ndi yosefedwa imadutsa mu mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito mu ng'oma yolekanitsa maginito. Tinthu tachitsulo tachitsulo timakokedwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito ndipo timamatira ku ng'oma, pomwe tinthu topanda chitsulo timagwa ndikutayidwa ngati zinyalala.
b. Kulekanitsa Kwabwino kwa Maginito
Tinthu tachitsulo tomwe timakokedwa ndi ng'oma timadutsa m'magawo angapo a kulekanitsa kwa maginito kuti tiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa chitsulo. Njirayi cholinga chake ndi kulekanitsa tinthu tachitsulo totsala kuchokera ku zinyalala zopanda chitsulo.
4. Kuika maganizo ndi kukonza zinthu zina
a. Kuganizira kwambiri
Pambuyo polekanitsa maginito, chitsulo chomwe chimachokeracho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa zosafunika. Chifukwa chake, chitsulocho chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kapena kuwonjezeredwa kuti chiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa chitsulocho. Njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kuyandama, momwe chitsulocho chimasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndi mankhwala enaake omwe amapanga thovu la mpweya. Tinthu ta chitsulocho timamatira ku thovu la mpweya ndikukwera pamwamba, ndikupanga thovu lomwe limalekanitsidwa.
b. Kutulutsa Ma Pellet (Kupanga Ma Pellet)
Miyala yachitsulo yapamwamba nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito panthawi yosungunulira. Kupangidwa kuti ipangidwenso kumaphatikizapo kusakaniza miyala yachitsulo yosalala ndi chinthu chomangira monga dongo ndi madzi, kenako n’kuipanga kukhala miyala yofanana pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyeretsera. Miyala yachitsulo imatenthedwa mu uvuni kuti ikhale yolimba.
5. Kusungunula ndi Kuyeretsa
a. Kusungunuka
Mu ndondomeko yosungunulira, tinthu tachitsulo tolemera timasungunuka mu ng'anjo yoyaka moto pamodzi ndi coke (mtundu wa kaboni) ndi miyala yamwala. Njira imeneyi imapanga chitsulo chamadzimadzi, chotchedwa chitsulo chotentha kapena chitsulo cha nkhumba, ndi slag, chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu zosafunika kwambiri. Machitidwe a mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu ng'anjo yoyaka moto amaphatikizapo kuchepetsa chitsulo chosakanizidwa ndi kaboni kuti apange chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndi carbon dioxide.
b. Kukonzanso
Chitsulo chotentha chomwe chimapangidwa mu ng'anjo yophulika chimayengedwanso kuti chichepetse kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi zinthu zina zodetsa monga sulfure ndi phosphorous. Njira imodzi yoyengera imagwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo yamagetsi kapena chosinthira mpweya wamba. Munjira imeneyi, mpweya woyera kapena mpweya umawombedwa mu chitsulo chosungunuka kuti ulowetse kaboni ndi zinthu zina zodetsa, zomwe zimasiya chitsulo choyera kwambiri chotchedwa chitsulo.
6. Chogulitsa Chomaliza
a. Kuponya (Kuumba)
Chitsulo chokonzedwa chimapangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna, monga billet, slab, kapena bloom, kudzera mu njira yopangira. Kupangira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri momwe chitsulo chosungunuka chimathiridwa mu nkhungu kuti chipange chinthu cha kukula ndi mawonekedwe enaake.
b. Kugubuduza ndi Kumaliza
Pambuyo popangidwa ndi zitsulo, zitsulo zimagubuduzika kuti zichepetse makulidwe ndikupeza mawonekedwe ake omaliza, monga pepala, bala, kapena chubu. Njira zomalizitsa zimaphatikizaponso kukonza kwina, monga kutentha, kuziziritsa, ndi kupaka utoto, kuti ziwongolere mphamvu zamakina komanso kukana dzimbiri.
c. Kuyesa ndi Kuyika
Chotsulo chomaliza chimayesedwa kuti chitsimikizire kuti chikukwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikika. Pambuyo popambana mayesowo, chotsulocho chimapakidwa ndikutumizidwa ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga katundu ndi zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana.
Mapeto
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chitsulo m'makampani opanga migodi imakhudza njira zovuta zambiri ndipo imafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba, kuyambira pakuchotsa chitsulo m'migodi mpaka kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chomalizidwa. Gawo lililonse la njirayi, kuyambira pakuphwanya koyamba mpaka pakuyeretsa komaliza, cholinga chake ndikupanga chitsulo chapamwamba chomwe chimakwaniritsa zosowa zamafakitale padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, makampani opanga chitsulo apitiliza kupanga zatsopano kuti akonze bwino komanso moyenera njira zogwirira ntchito, pomwe akuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe .
