Mitundu ya Zida Zosodza Zosamalira Chilengedwe
Usodzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limathandiza kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lonse, makamaka m'maiko omwe ali ndi gombe lalitali. Komabe, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pa zachilengedwe za m'nyanja, monga kuwononga malo okhala, kuchepa kwa nsomba, komanso kusokoneza mitundu ya nsomba zomwe sizili m'gulu la nsomba. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosodza zosawononga chilengedwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pothandizira kukhazikika kwa zinthu za m'nyanja.
1. Gill Net yokhala ndi Zosintha Zosamalira Chilengedwe
Magillnet ndi njira imodzi yodziwika bwino yosodza. Amagwira ntchito pokoka nsomba mu ukonde ndikuzigwira ndi ma bere awo. Komabe, maukonde amenewa nthawi zambiri amagwira mitundu yosafunikira kapena yotetezedwa.
Kuti ma gillnets akhale otetezeka ku chilengedwe, kusintha monga kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde okhala ndi maukonde akuluakulu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Maukonde akuluakulu amalola nsomba zazing'ono kapena zamoyo zosafunikira kuthawa, kotero nsomba zazikulu zokwanira zokha ndi zomwe zimagwidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina zosankhidwa monga magetsi a LED kapena ma acoustic panels zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthamangitsa mitundu yosafunikira.
2. Zipangizo Zosodza Zopanda Nsomba (Zipangizo Zosonkhanitsira Nsomba, Ma FAD)
Ma FAD ndi zinthu zopangidwa kapena zachilengedwe zomwe zimayikidwa m'nyanja kuti zikope nsomba. Zipangizozi sizigwira nsomba mwachindunji. Nsomba zomwe zimakopeka ndi ma FAD zimatha kugwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina, zosankha komanso zosamalira chilengedwe.
Ma FAD ali ndi ubwino wochepetsa kugwidwa ndi nsomba, vuto lomwe limapezeka kawirikawiri m'njira zachikhalidwe zosodza. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma FAD kumathandiza asodzi kuzindikira mosavuta ndikugwira mitundu yomwe akufuna popanda kusokoneza zachilengedwe zina.
3. Net ya Trammel
Maukonde a Trammel ndi njira yosankha bwino komanso yosamalira chilengedwe ya maukonde a gill. Amakhala ndi zigawo zitatu za ukonde: gawo laling'ono lamkati ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu zakunja. Nsomba zikasambira mu ukonde, zimagwidwa mkati koma zimakhala ndi malo opumira.
Ubwino waukulu wa maukonde a trammel ndi kuthekera kwawo kugwira nsomba zazikulu komanso kulola nsomba zazing'ono ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zomwe sizili m'gulu la nsomba kuthawa. Izi zimathandiza kusunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zachilengedwe zam'madzi zikuyenda bwino.
4. Chikwama cha Seine chokhala ndi Zosintha
Nsomba za Purse seines ndi zida zosodzera nsomba zothandiza kwambiri posodza nsomba zambiri, makamaka nsomba za m'nyanja monga tuna ndi sardine. Komabe, njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kugwidwa mwangozi, kuphatikizapo mitundu yomwe ili pafupi kutha komanso yotetezedwa monga akamba ndi ma dolphin.
Pofuna kuchepetsa mavuto amenewa, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosankhira nsomba monga "Dolphin Deterrent Devices" ndi kusintha ukonde kuti nsomba zosasonkhanitsidwa zituluke ndi njira zofunika kwambiri. Makampani ena osodza agwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo womwe umalola asodzi kutseka ukonde wawo mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yomwe nsomba zosasonkhanitsidwa zimagwidwa.
5. Msampha (Msampha wa Nsomba)
Misampha ya nsomba ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zogwirira nsomba. Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosawononga chilengedwe monga nsungwi kapena matabwa, ndipo zimapangidwa kuti nsomba zina zilowe koma zisatuluke. Misampha nthawi zambiri imayikidwa m'malo abwino kumene nsomba zimasonkhana nthawi zambiri.
Ubwino wa misampha ndi kuthekera kwawo kugwira nsomba mwachisawawa, kuchepetsa kugwira nsomba mwangozi, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kangapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotsika mtengo komanso yokhazikika.
6. Kusodza ndi Mikondo
Kusodza ndi mivi ndi njira imodzi yosodza yosamalira chilengedwe ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru komanso moyenera. Njira imeneyi imafuna luso lapadera komanso ukatswiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa kusodza.
Popeza oponya mivi amatha kusankha zigoli mwachindunji, njira iyi imachepetsa kugwira nsomba zomwe sizingachitike ndipo siziwononga malo okhala. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kusodza mkondo kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malamulo ndi malamulo okhwima kuti tipewe kusodza mopitirira muyeso komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe zam'madzi.
7. Mzere wautali wokhala ndi zosintha zosawononga chilengedwe
Kusodza ndi njira yosodza yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mzere wautali wokhala ndi mbedza zingapo. Ngakhale kuti ndi yothandiza, njira imeneyi ingayambitse kugwira nsomba zambiri, kuphatikizapo mbalame za m'nyanja, akamba, ndi shaki.
Kuti mizere yayitali ikhale yotetezeka ku chilengedwe, zinthu zingapo zatsopano zapangidwa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza zokhotakhota ndi zolemera zomwe zimayikidwa pafupi ndi mbedza. Kusintha kumeneku kumathandiza kuchepetsa kugwira mbalame za m'nyanja ndikuonetsetsa kuti mbedzayo imayikidwa pansi pomwe mitundu yosagwidwa ndi yosayenera kugwidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zopangira zomwe sizikopa mitundu yosagwidwa ndi yosayenera kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
8. Ukonde Wokoka Masamba ndi Zosintha
Kusodza ndi njira imodzi yowononga kwambiri, makamaka ikachitika pansi pa nyanja. Komabe, ndi kusintha kosiyanasiyana, zotsatira zake zoyipa zimatha kuchepetsedwa. Kusintha kwakukulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito "Bycatch Reduction Devices" (BRDs) ndi Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs), zomwe zimathandiza kuti mitundu ndi akamba omwe si ankhondo azitha kuthawa m'maukonde.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali njira zopezera nsomba zosawononga chilengedwe monga "kusodza nsomba mozungulira mtsinje," zomwe zimaletsa ukonde kukhudza pansi pa nyanja, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Ukadaulo wamagetsi ungathandizenso kutsogolera nsomba zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kulowa mu ukonde uku ukuthamangitsa mitundu ina ya nsomba zomwe sizisonkhanitsidwa.
Mapeto
Kusodza kokhazikika sikuti kumangokhudza kusunga nsomba m'nyanja komanso kuteteza chilengedwe chonse cha m'nyanja. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosodza zosawononga chilengedwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Mwa kusintha ndikusintha kapangidwe ka zida zosodza, titha kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa pa chilengedwe pamene tikukwaniritsabe zosowa zofunika za anthu za mapuloteni a nsomba.
Usodzi wokhazikika ndi udindo wathu tonse. Mwa kuika patsogolo ukadaulo wosawononga chilengedwe komanso njira zosodza zodalirika, sitingoteteza nsomba m'nyanja komanso timaonetsetsa kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo ikhoza kusangalala ndi zinthu zomwezo za m'nyanja zomwe tili nazo masiku ano.
