Kuzindikira Mitundu ya Plankton Ngati Chakudya Chachilengedwe
Pendauluan
Plankton ndi zamoyo zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimayandama m'madzi ndipo zimapanga maziko a unyolo wa chakudya cha m'madzi. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe cha m'madzi ndi m'madzi oyera. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya plankton: phytoplankton ndi zooplankton. Phytoplankton ndi plankton "yomera" yomwe imapanga photosynthesize, pomwe zooplankton ndi plankton "yanyama" yomwe imadya phytoplankton ndi zamoyo zina. Ponena za ulimi wa m'madzi, kapena ulimi wa m'madzi, plankton imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati chakudya chachilengedwe cha mitundu yambiri ya nsomba ndi zamoyo zopanda mafupa. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mitundu ya plankton yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chakudya chachilengedwe mu ulimi wa m'madzi.
Mitundu ya Phytoplankton
1. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
– Diatoms ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yofunika kwambiri ya phytoplankton. Ali ndi makoma a maselo opangidwa ndi silica ndipo amasiyana mawonekedwe, monga mabotolo, ma cubes, ndi nyenyezi. Diatoms nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha nsomba ndi mphutsi za mollusk chifukwa cha zakudya zawo zambiri. Zitsanzo za diatoms zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Thalassiosira ndi Skeletonema.
2. Chlorophyta (Nyerere Yobiriwira)
– Algae wobiriwira ndi gulu la phytoplankton lomwe lili ndi chlorophyll a ndi b, zomwe zimawapatsa mtundu wobiriwira. Amaberekana mwachangu ndipo amapereka mapuloteni ndi mavitamini ambiri a mphutsi za nsomba ndi nkhanu. Zitsanzo za algae wobiriwira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ulimi wa nsomba ndi Chlorella ndi Dunaliella.
3. Cyanobacteria (Nyerere ya Buluu-Yobiriwira)
– Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi algae, cyanobacteria kwenikweni ndi mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi photosynthesis. Amatha kupanga magulu akuluakulu ndipo ndi othandiza pa mitundu ina ya nsomba za m'madzi oyera, monga tilapia. Spirulina ndi chitsanzo cha cyanobacteria yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chowonjezera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi michere yambiri.
Mitundu ya Zooplankton
1. Ma Copepod
– Ma Copepod ndi gulu la crustacean ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka pafupifupi m'madzi amitundu yonse. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ukonde wa chakudya cha m'madzi ndipo ndi chakudya chachilengedwe cha mitundu yambiri ya mphutsi za nsomba ndi zamoyo zopanda msana. Zitsanzo za ma copepod omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ulimi wa nsomba ndi Acartia ndi Tigriopus.
2. Ma Rotifer
Ma Rotifer ndi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawilo okhala ndi cilia, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito posambira komanso kudyetsa zosefera. Ma Rotifer ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa ulimi wa m'madzi chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa komanso zakudya zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kudyetsa nsomba ndi mphutsi zopanda mafupa. Rotifer yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Brachionus plicatilis.
3. Cladocera (Daphnia)
– Daphnia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti utitiri wa m'madzi, ndi zomera za m'madzi oyera zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu unyolo wa chakudya cha m'madzi. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima nsomba ngati chakudya cha nsomba zazing'ono ndi zinyama zina zopanda msana. Daphnia ndi gwero labwino la mapuloteni ndi mafuta ndipo ndi losavuta kulima.
4. Branchiopoda (Artemia)
– Artemia, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti brine shrimp, ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino kwambiri m'zakudya za m'madzi. Mazira a Artemia cyst amatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuswana akamizidwa m'madzi amchere. Artemia imapereka chakudya chochuluka cha mapuloteni ndi mafuta acids ofunikira kwa nsomba ndi mphutsi za crustacean.
Kufunika kwa Plankton mu Ulimi wa Nsomba
Mu ulimi wa nsomba, kupereka chakudya chachilengedwe choyenera kumayambiriro kwa kukula ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu ziyende bwino. Nsomba ndi mphutsi zopanda mafupa zimakhala ndi zakudya zinazake zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza ndi chakudya chopangidwa chokha. Chifukwa chake, plankton ndi gwero labwino kwambiri la chakudya chifukwa lili ndi michere yosiyanasiyana yofunika, kuphatikizapo mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini, ndi mchere.
Kuphatikiza apo, plankton imathandizanso kusunga madzi abwino m'machitidwe olima nsomba. Mwachitsanzo, phytoplankton imapanga photosynthesis ndikupanga mpweya, zomwe zimathandiza kuthandizira malo abwino a zamoyo zomwe zimalimidwa. Koma zooplankton zimathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa phytoplankton, kuteteza maluwa a algae omwe angawononge ubwino wa madzi.
Njira Zolimira Plankton
Kupanga plankton yambiri kumafuna njira zabwino zolimira komanso malo abwino oti chilengedwe chikhalepo. Nazi njira zoyambira zolimira plankton:
1. Kusankha Zosakaniza ndi Zakudya
– Njira yolimitsira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito iyenera kuthandiza kukula bwino kwa plankton. Phytoplankton imafuna njira yothira michere yokhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi microelements. Zooplankton imafuna chakudya chochokera mu mawonekedwe a phytoplankton kapena tinthu tina tachilengedwe.
2. Mkhalidwe wa Zachilengedwe
– Kutentha, mchere, kuwala, ndi mpweya wabwino ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuzilamulira. Pa zomera zokhala ndi zomera zobiriwira, kuwala kokwanira n’kofunika kwambiri pa photosynthesis, pomwe zomera zooplankton zimafuna kuwala kochepa kuti zichepetse kupsinjika maganizo.
3. Kuika katemera ndi kusamalira
– Kulima mbewu za plankton kumayamba ndi kubaya mbewu za plankton mu njira yokonzedweratu. Kusamalira kumaphatikizapo kupereka zakudya nthawi zonse, kuwongolera chilengedwe, ndi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zomera za plankton ndi thanzi lawo.
4. Kukolola
– Kukolola plankton kuyenera kuchitika pamene kuchuluka kwa zomera kuli kwakukulu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili ndi michere yambiri. Phytoplankton ikhoza kukolola poyesa kusefa, pomwe zooplankton ikhoza kukolola pogwiritsa ntchito sedimentation kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wopyapyala.
Mavuto ndi Mayankho
Ngakhale kulima zomera za plankton kuli ndi ubwino wambiri, kumakumana ndi mavuto angapo. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingawononge thanzi la nsomba ndi zinyama zopanda msana. Izi zitha kuthetsedwa mwa kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ndi malo osungiramo zomera ndi zomera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino zosamalira.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha kwa nyengo, monga kusintha kwa kutentha ndi mchere, kungakhudze kukula ndi ubwino wa zomera za m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera mosamala ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino.
Mapeto
Plankton, yomwe ndi phytoplankton ndi zooplankton, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati chakudya chachilengedwe pa ulimi wa nsomba. Amapereka michere yofunika kwambiri yomwe imathandizira kukula ndi chitukuko cha nsomba ndi mphutsi zopanda mafupa. Kumvetsetsa bwino mitundu ya plankton ndi njira zolima bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zikwaniritse zomwe zingatheke. Mwa kuthana ndi mavuto omwe alipo ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera, plankton ingathandize kwambiri kuti ulimi wa nsomba ukhale wopambana.
