Maphunziro Azachuma a Ana Aang'ono
Maphunziro azachuma a ana aang'ono ndi njira yoyambira lingaliro la ndalama, zisankho, ndi zizolowezi zosamalira chuma m'njira yosavuta, yosangalatsa, komanso yoyenera kukula. Makolo ambiri amaganiza kuti nkhani zachuma zimakhala zofunikira ana akakula. Ndipotu, zizolowezi zachuma zimayamba kukula muubwana kudzera mu zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku: kuonera makolo akugulitsa zinthu, kulandira ndalama m'thumba, kusankha zoseweretsa, kapena kusunga ndalama zomwe akufuna. Ndi njira yoyenera, ana amatha kuphunzira kusiyanitsa zosowa ndi zofuna, kuzindikira kufunika kwa ndalama, ndikumvetsetsa kuti chisankho chilichonse chimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake.
N’chifukwa chiyani maphunziro azachuma ayenera kuyamba msanga?
Ubwana wachinyamata (pafupifupi zaka 3-6) ndi nthawi yomwe ana amayamba kuphunzira zinthu mwachangu ndikukhala ndi zizolowezi. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ana amayamba kumvetsa mfundo zoyambira monga manambala, kusintha, chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake, ndi malamulo. Maphunziro azachuma amagwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu kulimbikitsa malingaliro monga kuleza mtima, kusunga ndalama, udindo, komanso kusowa kuchita zinthu mopupuluma. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro azachuma achichepere angathandize ana kuchepetsa chizolowezi "chopempha tsopano" chifukwa amaphunzira kuti kupeza chinthu kumafuna njira: kusunga ndalama, kudikira, kapena kuika patsogolo zinthu.
Kumbali ina, maphunziro azachuma sikuti ndi nkhani ya "kukhala waluso powerengera ndalama," koma ndi nkhani yomanga makhalidwe abwino ndi luso la moyo. Ana omwe nthawi zambiri amachedwetsa kukhutira ndi zinthu zina ndipo amasankha zinthu zosavuta nthawi zambiri amakhala odzidalira kwambiri, amatha kulamulira bwino malingaliro awo akakhumudwa, komanso anzeru popanga zisankho. Zonsezi zimapereka maziko ofunikira a unyamata ndi ukalamba.
Malingaliro azachuma oyenera ana aang'ono
Muubwana, nkhani ziyenera kufotokozedwa kudzera mu zochitika zenizeni, osati malingaliro. Nazi mfundo zina zofunika kwambiri:
1. Kumvetsetsa ndalama ndi ntchito zake
Ana ayenera kudziwa kuti ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zinthu ndi ntchito zina. Gwiritsani ntchito zitsanzo za tsiku ndi tsiku: kugula buledi ku golosale, kulipira malo oimika magalimoto, kapena kugula buku la zithunzi.
2. Mtengo wa ndalama (mwachidule)
Ana angaphunzire kuti ndalama zimabwera mosiyanasiyana. Mutha kuyambitsa lingaliro lakuti mabilu ena ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa ena, popanda kufotokoza zambiri.
3. Zosowa vs. zomwe mukufuna
Phunzitsani ana kuti chakudya, madzi, ndi zinthu zina zofunika kusukulu ndi zofunika, pomwe zoseweretsa zina kapena zokhwasula-khwasula zina ndi zofunika. Izi ndizofunikira kuti asakule ngati ogula.
4. Kusunga ndalama
Kusunga ndalama ndi chizolowezi chachikulu. Ana amaphunzira kuti posunga ndalama, angathe kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo zamtsogolo.
5. Gawani
Lingaliro logawana limathandiza ana kumvetsetsa kuti ndalama zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pothandiza ena. Izi zimalimbitsa chifundo ndi udindo pagulu.
6. Pangani zisankho ndi kuvomereza zotsatira zake
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana asankha kugula maswiti lero, ndalama zake zidzachepa ndipo sadzatha kugula zomata zomwe akufuna. Adzaphunzira kuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zingapezeke nthawi imodzi.
Ndondomeko yoyambitsa ndalama kudzera mu zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku
Maphunziro azachuma a ana aang'ono ndi othandiza kwambiri akaphatikizidwa muzochitika za banja. Nazi njira zothandiza zochitira izi:
1. Sewero lochita sewero la “masitolo”
Kusewera ndi chilankhulo cha mwana. Mutha kupanga malo osewerera kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosewerera kapena mabilu akale okhala ndi zilembo zolembedwa. Ana amatha kusewera ngati wogula kapena wogulitsa. Kudzera mu masewerawa, ana amaphunzira:
- ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita malonda,
- katundu ali ndi "mtengo",
- payenera kukhala kusinthana koyenera,
- nthawi zina uyenera kusankha chifukwa ndalama zimakhala zochepa.
Kuti zikhale zenizeni, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zapakhomo ngati "zinthu": mabisiketi, zipatso, kapena zolembera. Mukhozanso kuyambitsa lingaliro la "kubwerera" m'njira yosavuta kwa ana omwe ali okonzeka.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito banki ya nkhumba yopangira zinthu zina
Banki ya nkhumba yanthawi zonse ndi yabwino, koma banki ya nkhumba yokhazikika pa zolinga ndi yothandiza kwambiri chifukwa ana amadziwa zomwe akufuna kukwaniritsa. Mwachitsanzo, ikani chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe mukufuna ku banki ya nkhumba: buku la nkhani, mpira, kapena chida chojambulira. Mwanjira imeneyi, kusunga ndalama sikumveka ngati chinthu chosamveka. Ana amaona kugwirizana pakati pa kusunga ndalama ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga chawo.
Kuti musinthe, gwiritsani ntchito zotengera zitatu:
– Chubu (pazifukwa zaumwini),
– Kugula zinthu (zosowa zazing'ono zomwe zakonzedwa),
- Kugawana (kwa zachifundo kapena kupereka mphatso).
Kugawikana kumeneku kumaphunzitsa kulinganiza pakati pa iwe mwini ndi ena.
3. Konzani ana pogula zinthu
Mukapita kumsika waung'ono, pemphani mwana wanu kuti achite ntchito zosavuta:
- sankhani zipatso zabwino kwambiri,
- yerekezerani kukula kwa ma phukusi,
– werengani chiwerengero cha zinthu (monga: tengani tomato atatu),
- thandizani kulipira ndi kulandira risiti.
Gwiritsani ntchito ziganizo zosavuta: “Tili ndi ndalama zambiri chonchi, choncho tiyeni tisankhe zinthu zofunika kwambiri kaye.” Popanda kuzindikira, ana amaphunzira zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso kukonzekera.
4. Phunzitsani kudikira ndi kuchedwetsa zilakolako
Ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri amafuna zinthu nthawi yomweyo. M'malo mongovomereza kapena kuletsa mwamphamvu, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya "kuchedwetsa ndi dongosolo". Mwachitsanzo: "Chidole chimenecho ndi chabwino. Tiyeni tilembe kaye, kenako tichisunge kwa milungu iwiri." Njira imeneyi imaphunzitsa kudziletsa ndipo imapangitsa ana kumva kuti akumvetsera.
5. Perekani ndalama zosavuta komanso zosasinthasintha (ngati mukufuna)
Kwa mabanja ena, ndalama zogulira m'thumba zimatha kuperekedwa pang'ono ndi cholinga chomveka bwino, monga sabata iliyonse. Ana amaphunzira kusamalira ndalama zawo kwa nthawi inayake. Komabe, ndalama zogulira m'thumba si chinthu chofunikira. Ngati mwana sanakonzekere, maphunziro azachuma amatha kuperekedwabe kudzera m'masewera ndi zochitika za m'banja.
Ngati mupereka ndalama zothandizira, pangani malamulo osavuta:
- ndalama zam'thumba sizimawonjezedwa zokha zikatha,
- ana angasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kapena kusunga,
– makolo amathandiza kuwunika, osati kuweruza.
6. Nkhani ndi mabuku a ana okhudza ndalama
Werengani mabuku a nkhani omwe ali ndi mitu yokhudza kusunga ndalama, kugawana, kapena kusankha. Nkhani zimathandiza ana kumvetsetsa mfundo zabwino popanda maphunziro. Mukamaliza kuwerenga, funsani mafunso osavuta: "N'chifukwa chiyani munthuyo amasunga ndalama?" kapena "N'chiyani chimachitika ngati agwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo zonse?"
Udindo wa makolo monga zitsanzo zazikulu
Ana amaphunzira zambiri kuchokera ku zomwe amaona kuposa zomwe amamva. Chifukwa chake, zitsanzo za makolo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zizolowezi monga kugula zinthu mopupuluma, kudandaula pafupipafupi za ndalama, kapena malamulo osasinthasintha zimatsanziridwa mosavuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makhalidwe abwino monga kulemba mndandanda wa zinthu zogulira, kuyerekeza mitengo, kusunga ndalama kuti zikwaniritse zolinga za m'banja, ndi kukambirana za ndalama modekha zimakhala zitsanzo zamphamvu.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kukambirana za ndalama pamaso pa ana kuyenera kukhala kwabwino. Ndi bwino kuti ana adziwe kuti ndalama ziyenera kupezedwa ndi kusamalidwa, koma pewani kuwapangitsa kuda nkhawa ndi mawu monga, "Tilibe ndalama!" kapena "Tilibe ndalama konse!" M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito mawu olimbikitsa: "Tikusamalira ndalama zathu, choncho tiyeni tiike patsogolo zinthu zofunika kwambiri."
Zolakwa zoyenera kupewa
Zinthu zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti maphunziro azachuma asagwire bwino ntchito ndi awa:
1. Limbikitsani mwana wanu kumvetsetsa mfundo za akuluakulu, monga ngongole, ndalama zovuta, kapena zolinga zazikulu. Yang'anani kwambiri zizolowezi zoyambira.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ngati chiwopsezo, mwachitsanzo, "Ngati ndiwe wopusa, ndalama zako zidzachepetsedwa." Izi zingapangitse ana kugwirizanitsa ndalama ndi mantha, osati udindo.
3. Kusasinthasintha, mwachitsanzo, kuletsa zakudya zokhwasula-khwasula koma nthawi zambiri kupereka ndalama zowonjezera mwana akamadandaula. Kusinthasintha kumapanga kudalirana ndi zizolowezi.
4. Kupereka mphotho zopanda phindu pazandalama, monga kusintha khalidwe labwino nthawi zambiri ndi ndalama. Ndi bwino kuyamikirana, kukhala limodzi, kapena nthawi zina kupereka mphotho zopanda phindu pazandalama.
Kutseka
Maphunziro azachuma a ana aang'ono si okhudza kuphunzitsa ana kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama nthawi yomweyo, koma kuphunzitsa makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino: kumvetsetsa ndalama, kuphunzira kusankha, kusunga ndalama, kugawana, ndi kumvetsetsa kuti chilakolako chilichonse chimafuna njira. Ndi zinthu zosavuta monga kusewera "shopu," kusunga ndalama ndi "piggy bank" (piggy bank), komanso kukhudza ana pogula zinthu, makolo amatha kumanga maziko olimba azachuma popanda kukakamiza ana awo.
Mwana akamazolowera msanga zizolowezi zabwino zachuma, mwayi wake wokulirapo ndi kukhala munthu wanzeru, wodziyimira pawokha, komanso wodalirika umakula. Pomaliza pake, maphunziro azachuma ndi gawo la maphunziro a khalidwe—ndipo kunyumba ndiye sukulu yoyamba yodziwika kwambiri.
