Kumanga Chikhalidwe cha Mgwirizano Mkalasi
Chikhalidwe chogwirizana m'kalasi ndi maziko ofunikira kwambiri popanga malo ophunzirira abwino, ophatikiza onse, komanso opindulitsa. Ophunzira akazolowera kugwira ntchito limodzi, samangomvetsetsa bwino nkhaniyo komanso amaphunzira maluso amoyo monga kulankhulana, chifundo, udindo, komanso kuthetsa mikangano. Mu nthawi yomwe imafuna mgwirizano wosiyanasiyana, masukulu ali ndi gawo lofunikira pakulimbikitsa chizolowezi chogwirizana kuyambira ali aang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kumanga chikhalidwe chogwirizana si njira yophunzitsira yokha, koma njira yopitilira yomangira makhalidwe.
N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kumanga mgwirizano m’kalasi?
Mkalasi, ophunzira amachokera m'mabanja osiyanasiyana, maluso, ndi njira zophunzirira. Kugwirizana kumawathandiza kumvetsetsa kuti kusiyana si zopinga, koma mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito zamagulu, ophunzira amaphunzira kugawa maudindo, kupanga malingaliro, ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zofanana. Njirayi imalimbikitsa luso la anthu lomwe nthawi zambiri silipezeka kudzera mu kuphunzira kwa munthu payekha. Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizano umalimbikitsa kumva kuti ndiwe wa m'gulu la ophunzira. Ophunzira akamamva kuti ndi mbali ya gulu, chilimbikitso chawo chophunzira chimawonjezeka ndipo mlengalenga wa m'kalasi umakhala wabwino kwambiri.
Kugwirizana kumakhudzanso kupambana kwa maphunziro. Kukambirana m'magulu kungapangitse kumvetsetsana chifukwa ophunzira amafotokozerana mfundo pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chomwe anzawo amamvetsetsa mosavuta. Ophunzira olimba m'maphunziro amatha kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwawo kudzera mu maphunziro a anzawo, pomwe ophunzira omwe amafunikira thandizo amatha kuphunzira popanda mantha. Mwanjira imeneyi, kalasi imakhala malo ophunzitsirana, m'malo mokhala malo ovutitsa komanso opikisana.
Udindo wa aphunzitsi monga oyendetsa chikhalidwe chogwirizana
Chikhalidwe chogwirizana sichimangobwera kokha; aphunzitsi amachita gawo lomanga malo ophunzirira. Ayenera kupanga zochitika zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyanjana kopindulitsa pamene akulimbikitsa mfundo zomwe zili maziko a mgwirizano: kulemekezana, kumvetserana, ndi kuyankha. Aphunzitsi nawonso ndi zitsanzo zabwino. Ophunzira adzatsanzira momwe amalankhulira, kuyankha maganizo a ophunzira, ndikuthetsa kusiyana. Ngati aphunzitsi asonyeza kutseguka ndi ulemu pa ndondomekoyi, ophunzira adzakhala ofunitsitsa kutenga nawo mbali ndikuyamikira zopereka za anzawo.
Kuwonjezera pa kukhala zitsanzo, aphunzitsi ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zomveka bwino. Ntchito yosagwirizana ndi gulu nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kusalingana: ophunzira ena amagwira ntchito molimbika, pomwe ena "amangochita zomwe akufuna." Chifukwa chake, mgwirizano uyenera kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo owonekera bwino, maudindo, ndi kuwunika. Chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano ndi zotsatira za kuphatikiza ubale wabwino ndi dongosolo lolimba.
Kupanga malo otetezeka komanso ophatikiza onse m'kalasi
Mgwirizano ungapambane pokhapokha ngati ophunzira akumva kuti ali otetezeka. Izi sizikutanthauza chitetezo chakuthupi chokha, komanso chitetezo chamaganizo: osaopa kusekedwa, osalakwitsa, komanso osasekedwa chifukwa chopereka malingaliro awo. Aphunzitsi amatha kulimbikitsa mkhalidwewu pogwiritsa ntchito mawu abwino, chizolowezi chopatsana moni, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo oletsa kuzunzana nthawi zonse.
Kuphatikizapo onse n'kofunika kwambiri. M'magulu, ophunzira omwe ali chete kapena omwe ali ndi zosowa zinazake zophunzirira nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa. Aphunzitsi ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti wophunzira aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopereka ndemanga. Izi zitha kuchitika powapatsa maudindo monga kulemba zolemba, wokamba nkhani, wowerengera nthawi, kapena wofunsa mafunso. Pokhala ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana, mwana aliyense angapeze njira yoti atenge nawo mbali kutengera mphamvu zake payekha.
Njira zothandiza zomangira mgwirizano
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano m'kalasi:
1. Pangani malamulo ogwirira ntchito limodzi. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuti apange "pangano la gulu" monga: kumvetsera popanda kusokoneza, kulemekeza malingaliro, kufika pa nthawi yake, ndikumaliza ntchito malinga ndi maudindo awo. Malamulo akapangidwa pamodzi, ophunzira amamva kuti ndi omwe ali nawo ndipo amakhala ofunitsitsa kuwatsatira.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zophunzirira mogwirizana. Njira monga kuganiza-awiri-kugawana, jigsaw, kapena kukambirana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono zimapangitsa mgwirizano kukhala gawo la njira yophunzirira, osati kusinthasintha kwa nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, mu njira ya jigsaw, ophunzira amakhala "akatswiri" pa gawo linalake kenako n’kuliphunzitsa anzawo. Izi zimalimbikitsa kudalirana kwabwino: aliyense ndi wofunika kuti gulu lipambane.
3. Khazikitsani zolinga zofanana ndi zolinga zomveka bwino. Ophunzira ayenera kumvetsetsa zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa komanso momwe kupambana kudzayezedwere. Zolinga zosamveka bwino zingapangitse kuti ntchito za m'magulu zikhale gwero la zokambirana kapena mikangano.
4. Limbikitsani kusinkhasinkha kwa gulu. Mukamaliza ntchito, chitani kusinkhasinkha mwachidule: zomwe zayenda bwino, zomwe zikufunika kukonzedwa, ndi omwe adamva kuti mawu awo sanamveke. Kusinkhasinkha kumalimbikitsa kuzindikira kuti mgwirizano ndi luso lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
5. Kondwererani ndondomekoyi, osati zotsatira zake zokha. Perekani mphoto kwa magulu omwe akuwonetsa kulankhulana bwino, kugawana maudindo mwachilungamo, kapena kuthekera kothetsa kusamvana. Mwanjira imeneyi, ophunzira amamvetsetsa kuti mgwirizano sikutanthauza giredi yomaliza yokha, komanso momwe amakwaniritsira.
Kuthetsa mikangano ngati gawo la kuphunzira
Kugwirizana sikukhala kophweka nthawi zonse. Kusiyana kwa malingaliro, zopereka zosalinganika, kapena njira zolankhulirana zosiyana zingayambitse mikangano. Komabe, mikangano siili yoipa nthawi zonse; ikayendetsedwa bwino, ingakhale mwayi wophunzira. Aphunzitsi amatha kuphunzitsa njira zothetsera mikangano: kumvetserana mbali ya wina ndi mnzake m'nkhani, kunena vuto popanda kuimba mlandu, kufunafuna mayankho, ndikugwirizana.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikukhala ndi chizolowezi cholankhula molimba mtima komanso mwaulemu. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira amaphunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "Ndimamva..." m'malo monena kuti "Nthawi zonse mumakhala...". Ndi chilankhulo choyenera, zokambirana zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ndipo sizimasanduka ziwawa zaumwini.
Kuwunika koyenera kuti kuthandizire mgwirizano
Chimodzi mwa zovuta zomwe zimachitika pa ntchito ya gulu ndi kuwunika. Ngati mamembala onse alandira giredi yofanana popanda kuganizira zomwe apereka, ophunzira akhama angamve ngati akuvutika, pomwe ophunzira osachitapo kanthu sangasangalale kusintha. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, aphunzitsi angagwiritse ntchito kuwunika kophatikizana: giredi ya gulu (chogulitsa chomaliza), giredi ya munthu aliyense payekha (mafunso kapena ntchito zaumwini), ndi kuwunika njira (kuwona kogwirizana, magazini owunikira, kapena kuwunika kwa anzawo).
Kuyesa kwa anzawo kuyenera kutsogoleredwa kuti asakhale obwezera kapena odziona ngati ofunikira. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yosavuta yowunikira—monga, kuwunika kupezekapo, malingaliro, udindo, ndi luso lomvetsera. Ndi njira yowunikira bwino, ophunzira amaphunzira kuwunika moyenera ndikumvetsetsa miyezo yofunikira ya mgwirizano.
Kukhudza makolo ndi chikhalidwe cha sukulu
Chikhalidwe chogwirizana m'kalasi chidzakhala cholimba ngati chithandizidwa ndi malo ambiri akusukulu. Mapulogalamu monga mapulojekiti a magulu osiyanasiyana, zochitika zakunja kwa sukulu, kapena ntchito zapagulu kusukulu zingapereke malo enieni ochitira zinthu mogwirizana. Kuphatikiza apo, kulankhulana ndi makolo ndikofunikiranso. Makolo angathandizire izi mwa kuphunzitsa ana udindo, kulemekeza malingaliro a ena, ndikuchita ntchito zamagulu kunyumba, mwachitsanzo pogawana ntchito zapakhomo.
Mapeto
Kumanga chikhalidwe chogwirizana mkalasi ndi ndalama zokhazikika pakukula kwa ophunzira pamaphunziro ndi makhalidwe awo. Chikhalidwechi chimakula kudzera mu kuphatikiza zitsanzo za aphunzitsi, nyengo yotetezeka mkalasi, njira zophunzirira mogwirizana, kuthana ndi mikangano yabwino, komanso njira yowunikira bwino. Kugwirizana si luso lowonjezera lokha, koma ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi mavuto amtsogolo omwe amafunikira mgwirizano, kuganiza mozama, komanso chifundo. Pamene kalasi ikhala gulu lothandizana, kuphunzira sikulinso katundu wa munthu aliyense payekha koma ulendo wogawana wakukula.
Ngati mukufuna, nditha kusintha nkhaniyi kuti igwirizane ndi magawo enaake (a pulayimale/apakati/a sekondale) kapena kuwonjezera zitsanzo za zochita zogwirira ntchito limodzi zomwe zakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapulani a maphunziro/magawo ophunzitsira.
