Kuthira Feteleza ndi Kufalitsa Mbewu: Njira Zofunika Kwambiri pa Moyo wa Zomera
Kuthira feteleza ndi kufalitsa mbewu ndi njira ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa zomera zomwe zimathandiza kuti mitundu ya zomera ikhale ndi moyo ndikuberekana kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku ina. Kumvetsetsa njira ziwirizi kumatithandiza kumvetsetsa momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo imasungidwira komanso momwe zachilengedwe zimakhalira bwino.
Kutenga Mimba: Gawo Loyamba Pakupanga Moyo Watsopano
Kuthira feteleza ndi njira yomwe ma gametes aamuna amakumana ndi kuphatikiza ma gametes achikazi kuti apange zygote, yomwe imakula kukhala mbewu. Mu zomera zomwe zimaphuka maluwa, njirayi imayamba ndi kupopera mungu, kusamutsa mungu kuchokera ku anther kupita ku stigma ya duwa.
1. Kutulutsa Mungu
Kutulutsa mungu kungachitike m'njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo mphepo, madzi, ndi zotulutsa mungu monga tizilombo, mbalame, mileme, ndi nyama zina. Mphepo ngati chotulutsa mungu nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'zomera zomwe zili ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi mungu wopepuka, monga udzu. Pakadali pano, maluwa omwe amatulutsidwa mungu ndi tizilombo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yokongola komanso fungo lokongola.
2. Njira Yopangira Feteleza
Kambewu ka mungu kakafika pa chidendene, kamamera, n’kupanga chubu cha mungu chomwe chimalowa munjira yolowera kuti chifike pa mazira omwe ali mkati mwa duwa. Kakafika pa mazira, chimodzi mwa ziwalo za umuna chimalumikizana ndi dzira, ndikupanga zygote. Mu zomera zomwe zimaphuka maluwa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala umuna kawiri; pomwe gawo limodzi la umuna limalumikizana ndi dzira, gawo lina la umuna limalumikizana ndi ziwalo zina ziwiri za polar kuti apange endosperm, yomwe ipereka chakudya kwa mwana wosabadwayo amene akukula.
Kupanga ndi Kukula kwa Mbewu
Mbewu ndi kapangidwe kamene kali ndi mluza wa chomera chatsopano komanso chakudya chofunikira kumayambiriro kwa kumera. Pambuyo pa umuna, dzira limayamba kukula kukhala mbewu.
1. Ntchito ya Mluza ndi Ukala
Mbeu ya mwana wosabadwayo ndiyo gawo lalikulu la mbewu yomwe idzakula kukhala chomera chatsopano. Endosperm, yomwe imachokera ku feteleza kawiri, imagwira ntchito ngati gwero la michere ikamera. Mu mbewu zina, monga chimanga ndi tirigu wosiyanasiyana, endosperm imakhalabe yolimba ndipo imakhala ngati chakudya chachikulu chosungira. Mu mbewu zina, monga nandolo, endosperm imasamutsidwira ku cotyledons.
2. Kukula kwa Cotyledon
Ma cotyledons, kapena masamba a mbewu, ndi gawo la mwana wosabadwayo lomwe limayamwa michere kuchokera ku endosperm kenako limakhala masamba oyamba pamene mbewuyo imamera. Chiwerengero cha ma cotyledons chimasiyana pakati pa chimodzi ndi ziwiri, kusonyeza mitundu yeniyeni ya zomera, monga monocots ndi dicots.
Kufalitsa Mbewu: Kufalitsa Moyo Watsopano
Kufalitsa mbewu ndikofunikira kwambiri pa mtundu wa zomera, kuonetsetsa kuti majini ndi magulu atsopano omwe sagwirizana ndi chomera chachikulu. Njira zosiyanasiyana zasinthidwa kuti zithandize kufalitsa mbewu.
1. Kufalikira ndi Mphepo
Zomera zina zimabala mbewu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe zimathandiza kuti zinyamulidwe ndi mphepo. Mwachitsanzo, kupepuka ndi mapiko kapena ubweya zomwe zimapezeka mu mbewu za dandelion ndi maple zimathandiza kuti ziwuluke kutali ndi zomera zomwe zimabereka.
2. Kufalikira ndi Madzi
Zomera zomwe zili pafupi ndi madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mbewu zoyandama, monga kokonati. Mbewu zimenezi zimatha kunyamulidwa ndi madzi, nthawi zina patali kwambiri, kuti zilowe m'malo atsopano.
3. Kufalikira ndi Zinyama
Zinyama zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakufalitsa mbewu. Izi zitha kuchitika kunja, ndi mbewu zomwe zimalumikizidwa ku ubweya kapena khungu la nyama, kapena mkati, ndi mbewu zomwe zimadyedwa kenako n’kutulutsidwa mu ndowe za nyama kutali ndi chomera chomwe chimachokera. Zipatso zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi ndi njira imodzi yomwe imakopa nyama kuti zidye ndikufalitsa mbewuzo.
4. Kufalikira ndi Anthu
Ngakhale kuti si njira yachilengedwe yosinthira zinthu, zochita za anthu zabweretsa zomera zambiri kumalo atsopano okhala. Kufalikira kwa anthu, kaya mwadala kudzera mu ulimi ndi ulimi wa maluwa, kapena mosadziwa kudzera mu mayendedwe, kwachititsa kusintha kwa kufalikira kwa mitundu yambiri ya zomera padziko lonse lapansi.
Mapeto
Njira zoberekera ndi kufalitsa mbewu ndizofunikira kwambiri pa njira zoberekera zomera, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta komanso zosaoneka, njirazi zimakhudza kwambiri zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe.
Kudzera mu kusintha kosiyanasiyana, zomera zimatha kuyambitsa ana awo kumalo atsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apulumuke. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa feteleza ndi kufalikira kwa mbewu sikuti ndikofunikira kokha pa zamoyo za zomera, komanso pa kusunga zamoyo ndi kasamalidwe ka zachilengedwe.
