Kodi Pampu ya Mafuta ndi Zizindikiro za Kuwonongeka ndi Chiyani?
Pampu yamafuta ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamakina amafuta a galimoto, kaya ndi galimoto kapena njinga yamoto. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri siimakhala yayikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri imabisika, ntchito yake ndi yofunika kwambiri: kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta ochokera mu thanki afika pa injini pa mphamvu ndi voliyumu yofunikira. Popanda pampu yamafuta yogwira ntchito bwino, injiniyo idzavutika kuyatsa, kuyimitsa, kapena kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi pamsewu. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za pampu yamafuta, momwe imagwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri, mitundu yake, ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kulephera.
Kodi Pampu ya Mafuta ndi Chiyani?
Pampu yamafuta ndi chipangizo chamakina kapena chamagetsi chomwe chimayang'anira kusamutsa mafuta kuchokera ku thanki kupita ku makina oyatsira moto. M'magalimoto amakono, makamaka omwe ali ndi makina oyatsira mafuta, pampu yamafuta sikuti imangopereka mafuta a petulo kapena dizilo komanso imasunga mphamvu yamafuta kuti ikwaniritse zomwe wopanga akufuna. Kupanikizika kumeneku kumafunika ndi ma injector kuti mafutawo apangidwe bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyaka kukhale koyenera, mphamvu yabwino, komanso kuchepetsa mpweya woipa.
Pa magalimoto okhala ndi kabotolo (nthawi zambiri akale), pampu yamafuta imafunikabe, koma kupanikizika sikukwera ngati magalimoto omwe amalowetsa mafuta. Chifukwa chake, makinawa amakhala osavuta.
Ntchito Yaikulu ya Pampu ya Mafuta
Kawirikawiri, ntchito za pampu yamafuta ndi izi:
1. Tumizani mafuta kuchokera ku thanki kupita ku injini
Pampu yamafuta imatenga mafuta kuchokera mu thanki ndikuyikankhira kudzera m'mapaipi/mapaipi kupita ku chipinda cha injini.
2. Sungani mphamvu ya mafuta yokhazikika
Mu dongosolo lojambulira, kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumabweretsa mafuta osalimba, pomwe kuthamanga kwambiri kumabweretsa mafuta ochulukirapo.
3. Imathandizira magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito
Ndi mafuta oyenera, kuthamanga kwa galimoto kumakhala kosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumawongoleredwa bwino, ndipo chiopsezo cha injini kugwedezeka chimachepa.
Mitundu ya Mapampu a Mafuta
Kawirikawiri, mapampu amafuta amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
1. Pampu ya Mafuta ya Makina
Mapampu amafuta amakina nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magalimoto okhala ndi kabureta. Mapampu amenewa amayendetsedwa ndi injini (monga, kudzera mu camshaft). Ubwino wawo ndi monga kapangidwe kosavuta komanso kukonza kosavuta. Komabe, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa mpweya sikolondola monga pampu yamafuta yamagetsi, ndipo magwiridwe antchito awo amadalira kwambiri momwe injini imagwirira ntchito.
2. Pampu ya Mafuta yamagetsi
Mapampu amagetsi amafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto olowetsa mafuta. Mapampu awa amayendetsedwa ndi mota yamagetsi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala mkati mwa thanki (pampu yamafuta yomwe ili mu thanki). Kuyika kumeneku kumathandiza kuziziritsa pampu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa nthunzi (ma thovu a nthunzi) mu kayendedwe ka mafuta.
Pa magalimoto ena, pampu yamagetsi yamafuta imatha kupezekanso kunja kwa thanki (mkati), ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kameneka kamapezeka nthawi zambiri pamagalimoto ena kapena zosintha zina.
Momwe Pampu ya Mafuta Imagwirira Ntchito Mwachidule
Kiyi yoyatsira ikayatsidwa, ECU (kompyuta yagalimoto) imayatsa pampu yamafuta kwa masekondi angapo kuti ipange mphamvu. Injini ikayamba kugwira ntchito, pampu yamafuta imapitiriza kupereka mafuta. Mu makina ojambulira mafuta, mphamvu nthawi zambiri imasungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera mphamvu yamafuta ndi masensa enaake, kutengera kapangidwe ka galimotoyo.
Pamene pampu yamafuta yafooka kapena yasakhazikika, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumatsika ndipo mafuta amasokonekera. Zotsatira zake zimatha kuyambira pa kufooka pang'ono (kugwira ntchito mofooka) mpaka kufika pa kulephera kwakukulu (kulephera kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa injini).
Zizindikiro Zoti Pampu Yanu Yamafuta Yayamba Kulephera
Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndi zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri za mavuto a pampu yamafuta omwe ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakumana nawo:
1. Injini ndi yovuta kuyiyatsa (ndizovuta kuyiyatsa)
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi kuvutika kuyamba, makamaka kuzizira kapena patatha nthawi yayitali osachitapo kanthu. Pampu yofooka yamafuta imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ipange mphamvu, zomwe zimafuna kuyimitsa mobwerezabwereza.
2. Kugwedezeka kwa Injini kapena Kugwedezeka Panthawi Yothamanga
Mukakanikiza pedal ya petulo ndipo galimotoyo ikumva ngati ikutuluka, ngati kuti magetsi akutha, chifukwa chimodzi chingakhale kusakwanira kwa mafuta. Pampu yamafuta yotha ntchito ingakhale ikugwirabe ntchito pansi pa katundu wopepuka, koma imavutika ikathamanga kapena kukwera mapiri.
3. Mphamvu Yochepa ya Injini ndi Kufooka kwa Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito
Ngati pampu yamafuta singathe kusunga mphamvu, kusakaniza kwa mpweya ndi mafuta sikungakhale koyenera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ichepe, mphamvu ya throttle ichepe pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuti galimoto yolemera imveke bwino, makamaka ikanyamula katundu kapena mpweya woziziritsa.
4. Injini Yafa Mwadzidzidzi Pamsewu
Pampu yamafuta yomwe yalephera kugwira ntchito imatha kugwira ntchito mosinthasintha, nthawi zina imagwira ntchito bwino, nthawi zina imayima mwadzidzidzi. Izi zingayambitse kuti injini iyime mwadzidzidzi ikayimitsidwa pa nyali yofiira kapena ngakhale galimoto ikuyenda. Vutoli ndi loopsa ndipo limafuna chisamaliro chachangu.
5. Phokoso Lochuluka la Kung'ung'udza Kuchokera ku Tanki
Pampu yamagetsi yamafuta nthawi zambiri imapanga phokoso lofewa la kung'ung'udza pamene kuyatsa kukuyaka. Komabe, ngati phokosolo likukulirakulira kuposa nthawi zonse, likumveka mokweza, kapena likugwedezeka, zingasonyeze kuti pampu ikugwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri, yatha, kapena pali kutsekeka kwa mzere wamafuta.
6. Galimoto “Imachedwa” Pa Liwiro Lalikulu
Galimoto ikayendetsedwa ndi liwiro lalikulu, kufunika kwa mafuta kumawonjezeka. Pampu yofooka ya mafuta singathe kukwaniritsa kufunika kumeneku, zomwe zimapangitsa injini kukhala yofooka, ngati kuti ikuima.
7. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kungakhale kowononga ndalama zambiri (pazifukwa zina)
Pampu yamafuta yolakwika si nthawi zonse imayambitsa mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mafuta, koma nthawi zina, ingayambitse kuyaka kosakwanira kapena ECU kukonza molakwika mafuta osakaniza. Izi zingayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopitirira muyeso.
8. Chongani Chizindikiro cha Injini Chayatsidwa
M'magalimoto amakono, kuthamanga kwa mafuta kosayenera kungayambitse ma code ena olakwika ndikuyatsa nyali yowunikira injini. Ma code wamba amaphatikizapo kusakaniza kwa mafuta osalimba kapena kulephera kuyatsa. Komabe, nyali yowunikira injini siimasonyeza nthawi zonse kuti pampu yamafuta yawonongeka - kuwunika kwina ndikofunikira.
Zifukwa Zowonongera Pampu ya Mafuta Mwachangu
Makhalidwe ndi zizolowezi zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa pampu yamafuta:
1. Nthawi zambiri thanki imasiya pafupifupi yopanda kanthu
Mapampu amafuta omwe ali m'thanki amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati choziziritsira. Mafuta omwe amachepa nthawi zambiri kapena otsika nthawi zambiri angayambitse kuti pampu itenthe kwambiri ndikutha msanga.
2. Fyuluta yamafuta ndi yodetsedwa kapena yosasinthidwa kawirikawiri.
Kutsekeka kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti pampu igwire ntchito molimbika, zomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi yake yogwira ntchito.
3. Mafuta onyansa kapena osakaniza ndi madzi
Kuipitsidwa kumafulumizitsa kuwonongeka ndipo kungawononge ziwalo zamkati.
4. Mavuto amagetsi
Mphamvu yamagetsi yosakhazikika, ma relay ofooka, kapena zolumikizira zodzimbirira zimatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a pampu ndikupangitsa kuti iwonongeke mwachangu.
Momwe Mungadziwire Ngati Pampu ya Mafuta Ndi Yolakwika
Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, makina nthawi zambiri amachita mayeso angapo, monga:
- Yesani kuthamanga kwa mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera kuthamanga kwa mafuta
- Yang'anani momwe mafuta amayendera komanso momwe amachotsera ndalama zomwe zachotsedwa
- Yang'anani ma relay, ma fuse, ndi magetsi ku pampu
- Mvetserani phokoso la pampu pamene cholumikizira chili choyatsidwa
- Werengani deta ya OBD/scan kuti muwone ma code olakwika
Kuwunika kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe kusintha zinthu zolakwika, chifukwa zizindikiro za pampu yamafuta yowonongeka zimatha kufanana ndi za mavuto a injector, throttle body yodetsedwa, sensa yovuta, kapena fyuluta yamafuta yotsekeka.
Mapeto
Pampu yamafuta ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapereka mafuta kuchokera ku thanki kupita ku injini pa mphamvu yoyenera. Pampu yamafuta ikayamba kulephera kugwira ntchito, zizindikiro zake zingaphatikizepo kuvutika kuyambika, kuchita chibwibwi panthawi yothamanga, kuchepa kwa mphamvu, phokoso lalikulu, komanso kuyima kwadzidzidzi kwa injini. Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka, sungani mafuta okwanira, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta abwino, ndipo chitani zinthu zosamalira nthawi zonse, monga kusintha fyuluta yamafuta nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ngati mukuona zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndi bwino kupita kukayezetsa galimoto yanu nthawi yomweyo ku malo odalirika okonzera zinthu. Kuthetsa mavuto a pampu ya mafuta msanga kungalepheretse kuwonongeka kwina ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka pakati pa ulendo.
