Mphamvu ya mphindi (torque)

Zinthu Zofunika pa Mphamvu (Torque)

Manja a Kalembedwe
Taganizirani chinthu chozungulira, monga chitseko. Chitseko chikatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, chimazungulira. Cholumikizira chitseko ndi khoma chimagwira ntchito ngati mzere wozungulira.
Chithunzi cha chitseko chomwe chikuwoneka kuchokera pamwamba. Taganizirani chitsanzo pamene chitseko chimakankhidwa ndi mphamvu ziwiri, pomwe mphamvu zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi kukula ndi njira yofanana; njira ya mphamvuyo ndi yolunjika ku chitseko.
Poyamba chitseko chimakankhidwa ndi mphamvu F₁ yomwe ili patali r₁ kuchokera ku mzere wozungulira. Pambuyo pake chitseko chimakankhidwa ndi mphamvu F₂ yomwe ili patali r₂ kuchokera ku mzere wozungulira. Ngakhale kukula ndi malangizo a mphamvu F1 ndi ofanana ndi F₂mphamvu F₂ zimapangitsa kuti chitseko chizungulire mofulumira kuposa mphamvu F₁Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mphamvu F₂ zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa angular kuposa mphamvu F₁Mukhoza kutsimikizira izi.
Kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa angular kwa chinthu pozungulira sikumangokhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yokha komanso kumakhudzidwa ndi mtunda pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito a mphamvu ndi mzere wozungulira (r). Ngati malangizo a mphamvu ali olunjika pamwamba pa chinthu monga momwe zilili pachitsanzo pamwambapa, mkono wa mphamvu (l) ndi wofanana ndi mtunda pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito a mphamvu ndi mzere wozungulira (r). Nanga bwanji ngati malangizo a mphamvu sali olunjika pamwamba pa chinthucho?
Unikaninso zitsanzo zina ziwiri monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pamwambapa. Ngakhale kuti kukula kwa mphamvu F2 ndi F3 ndi kofanana, malangizo a mphamvu ziwirizi ndi osiyana kotero kuti manja a mphamvu (l) ndi osiyana. chithunzi c, njira ya mzere wa zochita za mphamvu imagwirizana ndi mzere wozungulira kotero kuti mkono wa mphamvuyo ndi zero. Mkono wa mphamvu umadziwika pojambula mzere kuchokera ku mzere wozungulira kupita ku mzere wa zochita za mphamvuyo, komwe mzere wochokera ku mzere wozungulira uyenera kukhala wolunjika kapena kupanga ngodya ya 90^o ndi mzere wa ntchito ya mphamvu.
Wokondedwa chithunzi b kuti mumvetse bwino zomwe zachokera pa njira yotsatirayi ya mkono wamphamvu.
Zambiri:
l = mkono wa mphamvu, r = mtunda wa malo ogwirira ntchito a mphamvu kuchokera ku mzere wozungulira
Equation 1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mphamvu ya mkono.
Ngati F ndi yopingasa kwa r ndiye kuti ngodya yopangidwa ndi 90^o.
l = r tchimo 90^o = (r)(1)
l = r
Ngati F ikugwirizana ndi r ndiye kuti ngodya yopangidwa ndi 0^o.
l = r tchimo 0^o = (r)(0)
l = 0

Nthawi ya Mphamvu kapena Torque
Mphamvu yayikulu
Mwa masamu, kukula kwa mphindi ya mphamvu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa kukula kwa mphamvu (F) ndi mkono wa mphamvu (l).
Equation 2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kukula kwa mphindi ya mphamvu.
Chigawo chapadziko lonse cha torque ndi Newton meter, chidule chake ndi N.m. Chigawo chapadziko lonse cha torque ndi chofanana ndi cha ntchito ndi mphamvu, koma torque si mphamvu, kotero gawo lake siliyenera kusinthidwa ndi gawo la Joule. Akatswiri a fizikisi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti Torque, pomwe mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti mphindi ya mphamvu.

Malangizo a mphindi ya mphamvu
Mphamvu ya mphindi ndi kuchuluka kwa vekitala, motero, kuwonjezera pa kukula kwake, ilinso ndi komwe ikupita. Kulunjika kwa mphindi ya mphindi kumadziwikiratu mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Zungulirani zala zinayi za dzanja lanu lamanja, ndikusunga chala chanu chakumanja chili chowongoka. Kulunjika kwa zala zinayi ndiko komwe zikupita, pomwe komwe kumayang'aniridwa ndi chala chachikulu ndiko komwe kukupita kwa mphindi ya mphamvu.
Ngati njira ya mphamvu ili mmwamba (motsatira y-axis yabwino) kapena kumanja (motsatira x-axis yabwino), ndiye kuti nthawi ya mphamvu kapena torque ndi yabwino. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati njira ya mphamvu ili pansi (motsatira y-axis) kapena kumanzere (motsatira x-axis), ndiye kuti nthawi ya mphamvu ndi yoipa.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati kuzungulira kwa chinthucho kuli kozungulira wotchi, mphindi ya mphamvu imakhala yoipa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati kuzungulira kwa chinthucho kuli kozungulira wotchi, mphindi ya mphamvu imakhala yabwino.

Chitsanzo cha mavuto

1. Mphamvu zisanu zimagwira ntchito pa sikweya yokhala ndi mbali za 10 cm monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chotsatirachi. Nthawi yotsatira ya mphamvu zokhala ndi mzere pamalo olumikizirana a diagonals a sikweya ndi…

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti:

Kutalika kwa diagonal = 5√2 cm = (5)(1,4) cm = 7 cm = 0,07 m

Tchimo 45 ^o = 0,5√2 = (0,5) (1,4) = 0,7

Anafunsa: Mphamvu yochokera

Yankho:

Mphamvu 1:

τ ₁ = (10 N) (0,07 m)(tchimo 45 ^o ) = (10 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = 0,49 Nm

Mphamvu yoyamba imapangitsa kuti sikweya izungulire mozungulira wotchi, kotero mwa njira yokhazikika imapatsidwa chizindikiro chabwino.

Mphamvu 2:

τ ₂ = (4 N) (0,07 m)(tchimo 45 ^o ) = (4 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = 0,196 Nm

Mphamvu yoyamba imapangitsa kuti sikweya izungulire mozungulira wotchi, kotero mwa njira yokhazikika imapatsidwa chizindikiro chabwino.

Mphamvu 3:

τ ₃ = (10 N) (0,07 m)(tchimo 45 ^o ) = (10 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = 0,49 Nm

Mphamvu yoyamba imapangitsa kuti sikweya izungulire mozungulira wotchi, kotero mwa njira yokhazikika imapatsidwa chizindikiro chabwino.

Mphamvu 4:

τ ₄ = (5√2 N)(0,07 m)(sin 90 ^o ) = (7 N)(0,07 m)(1) = 0,49 Nm

Mphamvu yoyamba imapangitsa kuti sikweya izungulire mozungulira wotchi, kotero mwa njira yokhazikika imapatsidwa chizindikiro chabwino.

Mphamvu 5:

τ ₅ = (9 N)(0,07 m)(tchimo 45 ^o ) = (9 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = -0,44 Nm

Mphamvu ya 5 imapangitsa kuti sikweya izungulire motsatira wotchi, kotero mwa njira yokhazikika imapatsidwa chizindikiro chotsutsa.

Mphamvu yochokera:

τ = 0,49 + 0,196 + 0,49 + 0,49 – 0,44 = 1,47 + 0,196 – 0,44 = 1,666 – 0,44 = 1,226 Nm