Kuyeza Kuthamanga kwa Mphepo ndi Anemometer
Kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimawonedwa kwambiri chifukwa zimakhudza zinthu zambiri: chitetezo cha ndege ndi zombo, kulosera nyengo, ntchito za magetsi a mphepo, ulimi, komanso zinthu zosavuta monga kukonzekera kuyenda kapena kuchita zinthu zakunja. Kuti tidziwe momwe mphepo ikuyendera mofulumira, tifunika chida choyenera choyezera. Apa ndi pomwe anemometer imagwira ntchito. Anemometer ndi chida chopangidwira kuyeza liwiro la mphepo, ndipo m'mitundu ina, chingathandizenso kuwerengera komwe mpweya umalowera ndi kugwedezeka. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo zogwirira ntchito za anemometer, mitundu yawo, njira yolondola yoyezera, ndi zinthu zomwe muyenera kuganizira kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zolondola.
Kodi anemometer ndi chiyani?
Kawirikawiri, anemometer ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mphamvu ya mphepo kukhala yowerengeka—kaya mu mawonekedwe a kuzungulira kwa makina, kusintha kwa kuthamanga, kapena zizindikiro zamagetsi—kenako chimasanduka mayunitsi a liwiro monga mamita pa sekondi (m/s), makilomita pa ola (km/h), kapena mafundo (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwato ndi ndege; mfundo imodzi = 0,514 m/s).
Ma anemometer amakono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi sensa (yamakina kapena yamagetsi), dera logwiritsira ntchito ma signal, ndi makina owonetsera kapena osungira deta. Mu malo ochitira nyengo okha, anemometer imalumikizidwa ku deta logger kuti muyeso uzitha kutengedwa mosalekeza ndikusungidwa ngati deta ya nthawi, monga avareji ya mphindi 10, mphepo yamphamvu kwambiri, ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mphepo.
N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kuyeza liwiro la mphepo molondola?
Mphepo imasintha nthawi zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imasintha mkati mwa masekondi. Zolakwika zazing'ono poyeza zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa ntchito zina. Mwachitsanzo:
– Mphamvu ya mphepo: Mphamvu yopangidwa ndi turbine imafanana ndi kyubu ya liwiro la mphepo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusiyana kwa 10% pa liwiro kungayambitse kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu.
– Chitetezo: Chidziwitso cha mphepo yamkuntho n'chofunika kwambiri pa kutumiza katundu, kupanga ma crane, kapena ndege zopepuka.
– Nyengo ndi nyengo: Deta yokhazikika ya liwiro la mphepo ikufunika kuti pakhale kusanthula kwa zomwe zikuchitika, zitsanzo za mlengalenga, ndi machenjezo oyambirira.
Chifukwa chake, si chida chokha chomwe chili chofunikira, komanso njira yokhazikitsira ndi njira yoyezera.
Mitundu ya anemometers ndi mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito
1. Chikho cha anemometer (chikho cha anemometer)
Mtundu uwu ndi wodziwika bwino kwambiri. Umakhala ndi makapu atatu kapena anayi a hemispherical omwe amaikidwa pa mkono ndikuzungulira mozungulira shaft. Mphepo imakankhira makapu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rotor izungulire; liwiro lozungulira limagwirizana ndi liwiro la mphepo. Sensor (monga, reed switch kapena optical) imawerengera kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira pa sekondi, komwe kenako kumayesedwa kukhala m/s.
Zabwino: zolimba, zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, zodziwika bwino m'malo osungira nyengo.
Zoyipa: sizikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwachangu, pali inertia yamakina, zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi ayezi kapena dothi.
2. Chida choyezera mpweya (vane/propeller)
Imagwiritsa ntchito chonyamulira chaching'ono chonga fan chomwe chikuyang'ana mphepo, nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizidwa ndi vane kuti chipangizocho chiziyang'ana mpweya. Kuzungulira kwake kumasinthidwa kukhala liwiro la mphepo.
Ubwino: yabwino mokwanira kuti mphepo ikhale yochepa, imatha kuyeza komwe ikupita ikaphatikizidwa ndi ma vanes.
Zoyipa: ayenera kuyang'anizana ndi mphepo moyenera; apo ayi, zotsatira zake zingakhale zosayenera.
3. Chitoliro cha waya wotentha
Mtundu uwu umagwira ntchito potenthetsa waya woonda (kapena chinthu cha filimu) pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphepo ikadutsa mu waya, kutentha kumatengedwa, ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwake. Dongosolo lowongolera limasunga kutentha/mphamvu inayake ndikuwerengera mphamvu yofunikira. Kenako izi zimawerengera liwiro la mphepo.
Ubwino: wosavuta kumva, wokhoza kugwira kugwedezeka mwachangu, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories ndi kafukufuku wa aerodynamics.
Zoyipa: zimakhala zofooka kwambiri, zimamva fumbi/madzi, zimafuna kuyesedwa bwino.
4. Chida choyezera ma ultrasound (chida choyezera ma sound)
Imayesa nthawi yoyenda ya mafunde a ultrasound pakati pa ma transducer awiri kapena atatu. Mafunde a mphepo amakhudza liwiro la mafunde a phokoso poyerekeza ndi masensa. Poyerekeza nthawi yoyenda yobwerera, chipangizochi chimawerengera magawo a liwiro la mphepo (ngakhale mu 2D kapena 3D).
Ubwino: palibe ziwalo zosuntha, yankho lachangu, labwino poyesa kugwedezeka ndi kusinthasintha (monga eddy covariance).
Zoyipa: zodula kwambiri, zingakhudzidwe ndi mvula yambiri kapena dothi lotayirira pa transducer.
5. Chida choyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi (chubu cha pitot)
Chofala kwambiri m'magwiritsidwe apadera monga ma tunnel a mphepo kapena kuyeza kayendedwe ka madzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mfundoyi imagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi yosasunthika powerengera liwiro la madzi.
Ubwino: wamphamvu kuti iyende bwino.
Zoyipa: sizoyenera mphepo zamphamvu zomwe zimayang'ana mbali yake komanso momwe mphepo imasinthira.
Masitepe oyezera liwiro la mphepo molondola
1. Dziwani zolinga zoyezera
Kodi mukufuna:
- mtengo wa nthawi yomweyo,
- avareji pa mphindi/mphindi 10,
- mphepo yamphamvu kwambiri,
– kapena mawonekedwe a mphepo pamtunda winawake?
Cholinga chake chidzatsimikizira mtundu wa chida, malo, ndi njira yolembera deta.
2. Sankhani malo opanda zosokoneza zambiri
Mphepo imasokonekera mosavuta ndi nyumba, mitengo, makoma, ndi mipanda ya nthaka. Chabwino, anemometer iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otseguka. Miyezo ya nyengo nthawi zambiri imayika anemometer pamtunda wa mamita 10 kuchokera pansi kuti muyese mphepo yofanana pamwamba pa malo osiyanasiyana. Ngati izi sizingatheke, gwiritsani ntchito kutalika kofanana ndikulemba momwe zinthu zilili.
3. Samalani ndi kuyika
- Onetsetsani kuti ndodo kapena katatu ndi yolimba komanso yowongoka.
- Pa ma anemometer a vane, onetsetsani kuti malo ake ndi olondola ndipo vane ndi omasuka kusuntha.
- Pewani kugwedezeka kwa mast chifukwa kungapangitse phokoso ku deta.
- Sungani kutali ndi malo otenthetsera kapena malo otulutsira utsi (monga malo otulutsira utsi wa AC), makamaka pa masensa a waya wotentha.
4. Sinthani ndikuwona chidacho
Ma anemometer ali ndi chowerengera chokhazikika. Pazida zamakasitomala, kuwerengera nthawi zambiri kumaperekedwa ndi wopanga, koma kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ndikofunikirabe:
- Yang'anani ngati rotor ikuzungulira bwino (osati kukoka).
- Tsukani fumbi, tizilombo, kapena matope omwe angakulitse kukangana.
- Onetsetsani kuti batire ndi yokwanira ndipo sikirini/sensa ikuwerenga bwino.
Mu ntchito zaukadaulo, kuwerengera kumachitika m'matanthwe a mphepo kapena pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe oyesa zinthu.
5. Yesani ndi kulemba nthawi yoyenera
Liwiro la mphepo limatha kusinthasintha mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a zanyengo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito:
- Avereji ya mphindi 10 ya "liwiro la mphepo",
- ndi mpweya woipa ngati mpweya wokwanira kwambiri mu nthawi inayake (monga masekondi atatu kapena tanthauzo lina lokhazikika).
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta, mutha kulemba ziwerengero zomwe zimawonekera nthawi yomweyo masekondi 5-10 aliwonse kwa mphindi zochepa kenako ndikuziyerekeza. Nthawi yayitali yowonera, zotsatira zake zimakhala zowonekera bwino.
6. Kusintha ndi kutanthauzira kwa mayunitsi
Ngati chida chikuwonetsedwa mu m/s koma mukufuna km/h:
– km/h = m/s × 3,6
Ponena za mfundo:
– mfundo = m/s × 1,94384
Tanthauzirani zotsatira zake motsatira zomwe zikuchitika: mphepo ya 2–5 m/s imamveka yopepuka, 8–13 m/s ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, pomwe chilichonse choposa 17 m/s chingakhale choopsa pazochitika zina.
Magwero ofala a zolakwika ndi momwe mungachepetsere
1. Kutsekereza: Nyumba ndi mitengo zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chisokonezo ndi mithunzi ya mphepo. Yankho: Ikani pamalo okwera kapena kutali ndi malo otsekereza.
2. Kukwera kosiyanasiyana: Liwiro la mphepo limasintha malinga ndi kutalika. Yankho: Gwiritsani ntchito kutalika kokhazikika kapena lembani kutalika komwe kwayesedwa kuti muyerekeze.
3. Kulephera kwa chipangizo cha makina: Chikho kapena chonyamulira sichiyankha nthawi yomweyo kusintha kwadzidzidzi. Yankho: Gwiritsani ntchito sensa yoyankha bwino (ultrasound) ngati pakufunika kutero.
4. Kuwonongeka kapena kukangana: Maberiyani osweka amachepetsa liwiro la kuzungulira. Yankho: kukonza nthawi zonse ndikusintha zigawo.
5. Cholakwika chowerengera mpweya: Zipangizo zambiri zamakasitomala zimalemba nthawi yochepa yomwe siimayimira mpweya wokhazikika. Yankho: Mvetsetsani tanthauzo la mpweya pa chipangizocho ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yofanana.
Kutseka
Kuyeza liwiro la mphepo ndi anemometer kumaoneka kosavuta—ingoikani chipangizocho ndikuwerenga manambala. Komabe, kuti tipeze deta yothandizadi, tiyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu ya anemometers, mfundo zogwirira ntchito zawo, njira zoyikira, ndi njira zojambulira ndi kukonza deta. Kusankha malo oyenera, kuwerengera, ndi njira zokhazikika ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zikhale zolondola. Ndi kuyeza bwino mphepo, zisankho m'munda—kuyambira chitetezo mpaka kukonzekera ntchito mpaka kuyang'anira mphamvu—zingapangidwe molondola komanso motsatira deta.
