Kusiyana pakati pa Ferrous Metallurgy ndi Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
Metallurgy ndi sayansi yomwe imaphunzira za momwe zitsulo zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mkati mwa metallurgy, pali magulu awiri akuluakulu: metallurgy ya ferrous ndi metallurgy yopanda ferrous. Iliyonse ili ndi makhalidwe, ntchito, ndi njira zopangira. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza kusiyana pakati pa metallurgy ya ferrous ndi metallurgy yopanda ferrous.
Tanthauzo la Zitsulo za Ferrous ndi Non-Ferrous
Zachitsulo Zakuda
Kukonza zitsulo zakuda kumatanthauza kukonza zitsulo zokhala ndi chitsulo ngati chinthu chachikulu. Zitsulozi zikuphatikizapo chitsulo ndi chitsulo, zomwe pamodzi zimakhala gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zitsulo zomwe zimapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Chitsulo chimagwira ntchito yayikulu m'makampani amakono chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha.
Zitsulo Zopanda Ferrous
Kumbali ina, metallurgy yopanda chitsulo imaphatikizapo kukonza zitsulo zomwe zilibe chitsulo, kapena zomwe zili ndi chitsulo chochepa ngati chodetsa. Zitsulo zopanda chitsulo izi zimaphatikizapo aluminiyamu, mkuwa, tin, zinki, titaniyamu, ndi zina. Zitsulo izi zimadziwika ndi zinthu zake zapadera monga kuyendetsa magetsi kwambiri (monga mkuwa), kukana dzimbiri (monga aluminiyamu), ndi mphamvu yokoka yochepa (monga titaniyamu).
Kusiyana kwa Zinthu Zachilengedwe ndi Zamankhwala
Kapangidwe ka Thupi ndi Mankhwala a Zida Zakuda
1. Mphamvu ndi Kulimba: Chitsulo ndi chitsulo zimadziwika kuti ndi zolimba kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi makina.
2. Mphamvu Yokoka: Zitsulo zakuda nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka yapamwamba poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo monga aluminiyamu kapena titaniyamu.
3. Kuyendetsa magetsi: Kuyendetsa magetsi ndi kutentha kwa zitsulo zakuda monga chitsulo ndi kotsika poyerekeza ndi kwa zitsulo zopanda chitsulo monga mkuwa.
4. Kudzikundikira: Chitsulo ndi chitsulo nthawi zambiri zimasungunuka kapena kuzizira ngati sizikutetezedwa mowonjezera monga chophimba cha galvanized.
Kapangidwe ka Thupi ndi Mankhwala a Zitsulo Zopanda Ferrous
1. Kuyendetsa Magetsi ndi Kutentha: Zitsulo zambiri zopanda chitsulo monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi kuyendetsa kwakukulu kwamagetsi ndi kutentha.
2. Kulemera Kopepuka: Zitsulo zina zopanda chitsulo monga aluminiyamu ndi titaniyamu zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yokoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopepuka koma zolimba.
3. Kukana Kudzimbiritsa: Zitsulo zopanda chitsulo nthawi zambiri zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri kuposa zitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo owononga.
4. Kusinthasintha ndi Kusinthasintha: Zitsulo zambiri zopanda chitsulo, monga golide ndi siliva, zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzipanga ndi kuzikonza.
Ntchito mu Dziko la Mafakitale
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zakuda
1. Makampani Omanga: Chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba, milatho ndi zomangamanga zina chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri komanso kulimba kwake.
2. Magalimoto: Mafelemu ndi zida zamagalimoto nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kupirira katundu wamakina.
3. Makampani Opanga Makina: Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zamafakitale ndi makina chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zodalirika zamakanika.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo Zopanda Ferrous
1. Zamagetsi: Mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe ndi zida zamagetsi chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yayikulu yamagetsi.
2. Zamlengalenga: Titaniyamu ndi aluminiyamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga ndege chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zazikulu poyerekeza ndi kulemera.
3. Kapangidwe ndi Kuteteza: Aluminiyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kutetezera zinthu chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri komanso kutentha kwake.
4. Mankhwala: Zitsulo zina zopanda chitsulo monga titaniyamu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zoyikamo mankhwala chifukwa chakuti zimagwirizana ndi zamoyo.
Njira Zopangira ndi Njira
Kupanga Zitsulo Zakuda
Kupanga zitsulo zakuda monga chitsulo nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:
1. Kusungunula: Mkuwa wachitsulo umasungunuka mu uvuni woyaka kuti uchotse zinyalala ndikusandulika chitsulo chamadzimadzi.
2. Kuyeretsa: Chitsulo chosaphika chimayengedwa kudzera mu njira monga Bessemer kapena Open Hearth kuti apange chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri.
3. Kupanga: Chitsulo chosungunuka chimathiridwa mu nkhungu kenako chimapitilizidwa ndi njira yozungulira, yopangira, kapena yotulutsa kuti chipeze mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
Kupanga Zitsulo Zopanda Ferrous
Kupanga zitsulo zopanda chitsulo kumaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chitsulo:
1. Electrolysis: Mwachitsanzo, aluminiyamu imapangidwa kudzera mu njira ya Hall-Héroult, momwe alumina imachepetsedwa kukhala aluminiyamu yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito electrolysis.
2. Kuyeretsa Kutentha: Zitsulo zina zopanda chitsulo monga mkuwa zimatha kuyeretsedwa kudzera mu njira zoyandama ndi kusungunula.
3. Kusakaniza: Zitsulo zopanda chitsulo nthawi zambiri zimasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zina kuti apange zitsulo zokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunidwa, monga duralumin (chitsulo cha aluminiyamu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zolimba kwambiri).
Mtengo ndi Kukhazikika
Ndalama Zopangira Zachitsulo Zakuda
1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zambiri: Kupanga zitsulo kumafuna mphamvu zambiri, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo yophulika.
2. Mtengo wa Zinthu Zopangira: Chitsulo ndi chotsika mtengo komanso chochuluka, koma kukonza kwake kovuta kumawonjezera mtengo.
3. Kukhazikika: Njira yokonza chitsulo ndi chitsulo imatulutsa mpweya wambiri wa kaboni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhazikika kukhale vuto lalikulu.
Ndalama Zopanda Feri Zopangira Metallurgy
1. Njira Zapadera: Njira zopangira zinthu monga electrolysis zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zikhale ndi ndalama zambiri.
2. Zipangizo Zopangira: Zitsulo zopanda chitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula chifukwa cha njira yovuta yotulutsira zinthu komanso zinthu zochepa.
3. Kukhalitsa: Zitsulo zambiri zopanda chitsulo, makamaka aluminiyamu, zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotetezeka ku chilengedwe.
Mapeto
Kusiyana pakati pa kupanga zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo kuli mu kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe ake, njira zopangira, ndi ntchito zamafakitale. Zitsulo zachitsulo monga chitsulo ndi chitsulo zimadziwika ndi mphamvu zawo zapadera ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangamanga ndi mafakitale akuluakulu. Kumbali ina, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo monga aluminiyamu ndi mkuwa zimapereka ubwino pakuyendetsa ndi kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera komanso mwaukadaulo monga zamagetsi ndi makampani opanga ndege. Pomvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku, titha kusankha mtundu wa chitsulo chomwe chikugwirizana bwino ndi zosowa za ntchito inayake, poganizira mtengo ndi zinthu zokhazikika pa chilengedwe popanga zisankho.
