# Kusiyana pakati pa Otto Engines ndi Diesel Engines
Mainjini oyatsa mkati ndi omwe ali pakati pa magalimoto ambiri omwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse, kuphatikizapo magalimoto, malole, maboti, ndi zida zambiri zolemera. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mainjini oyatsa mkati, koma awiri otchuka kwambiri ndi injini ya Otto ndi injini ya Dizilo. Ngakhale kuti onse amagwira ntchito mosiyana, amadalira mfundo yoyambira yoyatsa mafuta mu silinda kuti apange mphamvu. Nkhaniyi ikambirana kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mainjini a Otto ndi Dizilo, pofotokoza mbali za kapangidwe, kagwiridwe ka ntchito, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta.
## Mbiri Yachidule ya Otto ndi Ma Injini a Dizilo
Injini ya Otto idapangidwa koyamba ndi Nikolaus Otto mu 1876. Injini iyi ndi injini yoyaka moto yamkati yokhala ndi ma stroke anayi yomwe imagwira ntchito pa petulo. Injini iyi idatchedwa "Otto" potengera woyambitsa wake.
Kumbali ina, injini ya Dizilo inapangidwa ndi Rudolf Diesel mu 1892. Injini iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a dizilo ndipo imadziwika kuti imagwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha kwambiri. Dzina lakuti Diesel linkagwiritsidwa ntchito polemekeza amene anaiyambitsa.
## Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
### Injini ya Otto
Injini ya Otto imagwira ntchito pa njinga ya Otto, yomwe imakhala ndi ma stroke anayi: intake, compression, power, ndi exhaust.
1. Kulowa: Pakuthamanga uku, valavu yolowera imatsegulidwa ndipo pisitoni imatsika, kuyamwa mpweya ndi mafuta osakaniza mu silinda.
2. Kukanikiza: Ma valve olowera ndi otulutsa mpweya amatsekedwa, ndipo pisitoni imapita mmwamba, kukanikiza chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta.
3. Mphamvu: Pisitoni ikafika pakati pa dead center (TDC), spark plug imayatsa chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphulika komwe kumakankhira pisitoni pansi ndikupanga mphamvu.
4. Mpweya wotulutsa utsi: Pistoni imakweranso mmwamba, kukankhira mpweya wotulutsa utsi kuchokera mu silinda kudzera mu valavu yotulutsa utsi.
### Injini ya Dizilo
Mainjini a dizilo amagwira ntchito pa injini ya Dizilo ndipo amakhala ndi ma stroke anayi ofanana ndi injini ya Otto, koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndi momwe mafuta amasakanizidwira ndikuwotchedwa:
1. Kulowetsa mpweya: Valavu yolowera mpweya imatsegulidwa ndipo pisitoni imatsika, ndikuyamwa mpweya wabwino kulowa mu silinda.
2. Kukanikiza: Ma valve olowera ndi otulutsa mpweya amatsekedwa, ndipo pisitoni imakanikiza mpweya kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwambiri.
3. Mphamvu: Mafuta a dizilo amalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu mpweya wopanikizika womwe uli mu silinda. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, mafutawo amayaka nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphulika komwe kumakankhira pistoni pansi ndikupanga mphamvu.
4. Mpweya wotulutsa utsi: Pistoni imapita mmwamba, kukankhira mpweya wotulutsa utsi kuchokera mu silinda kudzera mu valavu yotulutsa utsi.
## Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera ndi Zachuma pa Kutentha
### Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu pa Kutentha
Mainjini a dizilo nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwira ntchito bwino kuposa mainjini a Otto. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mainjini a dizilo amagwira ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale koyenera. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zochepa zimatayika pamene kutentha kukutentha ndipo mphamvu zambiri zimasanduka mphamvu yamakina.
### Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta Moyenera
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta ndi chimodzi mwa zabwino zazikulu za injini za dizilo. Mafuta a dizilo ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mafuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kupanga mphamvu zambiri pa lita imodzi ya mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, injini za dizilo zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa kuposa injini za Otto.
Komabe, mafuta a dizilo nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kuposa mafuta m'madera ena, ndipo injini za dizilo nthawi zambiri zimafuna kukonza kolimba komanso kokwera mtengo. Koma mainjini a Otto nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta kupanga ndi kukonza, ngakhale kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri.
## Utsi Woipa ndi Zachilengedwe
### Injini ya Otto
Mainjini a Otto nthawi zambiri amapanga mpweya wambiri wa nitrogen oxides (NOx) ndi hydrocarbons chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa kwa kuyaka komanso kusakaniza kwakukulu kwa mafuta ndi mafuta. Ngakhale ukadaulo wosinthira mphamvu zamagetsi ungachepetse mpweyawu, mainjini a Otto amathandizanso kwambiri kuipitsa mpweya kuposa mainjini a dizilo.
### Injini ya Dizilo
Mainjini a dizilo amapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadziwika kuti soot, komanso mpweya woipa wa NOx wambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, mainjini ambiri amakono a dizilo ali ndi zosefera za tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi makina osankha ochepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi (SCR) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito urea kuti achepetse NOx. Ngakhale kuti mpweya wa CO2 wochokera ku mainjini a dizilo nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa kuposa wochokera ku mainjini a Otto, mpweya woipa wa NOx ndi fumbi umabweretsa mavuto azachilengedwe.
## Magwiridwe antchito
### Injini ya Otto
Mainjini a Otto nthawi zambiri amapanga liwiro lalikulu la injini (RPM) kuposa mainjini a dizilo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera magalimoto omwe amafuna kuthamanga mwachangu komanso kugwira ntchito bwino, monga magalimoto amasewera ndi magalimoto ena opepuka.
### Injini ya Dizilo
Mainjini a dizilo nthawi zambiri amapanga mphamvu zambiri pa liwiro lotsika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera magalimoto olemera komanso ntchito zamalonda zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yokoka kwambiri, monga malole, mabasi, ndi zida zolemera.
## Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito
### Injini ya Otto
Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito awo, mainjini a Otto amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto opepuka ndi zida zazing'ono. Magalimoto okwera anthu, njinga zamoto, ndi makina ena ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mainjini a Otto. Ubwino wa injini ya Otto pakuthamanga ndi liwiro ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri posankha mtundu uwu wa injini yamagalimoto opepuka.
### Injini ya Dizilo
Mainjini a dizilo, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta komanso mphamvu yawo yokwera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto olemera komanso m'mafakitale. Malori ambiri, mabasi, zida zolemera, ndi zombo amagwiritsa ntchito mainjini a dizilo. Kuphatikiza apo, mainjini a dizilo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amagetsi ndi m'makina amafakitale chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwawo kwa nthawi yayitali.
## Mapeto
Mainjini a Otto ndi mainjini a dizilo ndi mizati iwiri ya dziko la injini zoyaka moto, iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Mainjini a Otto, omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso liwiro lozungulira kwambiri, ndi oyenera magalimoto opepuka komanso amasewera, pomwe mainjini a dizilo, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi komanso mphamvu zambiri, ndi abwino kwambiri pamagalimoto olemera komanso mafakitale.
Ngakhale kuti onse awiri akukumana ndi mavuto azachilengedwe, ukadaulo ukupitirirabe kupita patsogolo kuti mitundu yonse iwiri ya injini ikhale yosamalira chilengedwe. Kusankha pakati pa injini ya Otto ndi injini ya Dizilo nthawi zambiri kumadalira zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pomvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku bwino, titha kupanga chisankho chodziwa bwino posankha injini yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi zosowa zathu.
