Momwe makina opopera udzudzu amagwirira ntchito
Kuchotsa udzudzu ndi njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa matenda monga dengue fever (DHF), chikungunya, kapena Zika. M'malo ambiri okhala anthu, kuchita zinthu zochotsa udzudzu kumafanana ndi mitambo yambiri ya utsi yomwe imafalikira m'misewu, m'ngalande, ndi m'mabwalo. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa "utsi" kuli njira yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa yamakina: makina opangira udzudzu amapangidwa kuti asinthe mankhwala ophera tizilombo kukhala utsi wa madontho abwino kwambiri omwe amatha kuyandama ndikufikira malo obisalamo udzudzu wamkulu.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe makina opangira udzudzu amagwirira ntchito, zigawo zake zazikulu, mfundo zopangira udzudzu, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa udzudzu m'munda.
Kodi makina opangira utsi ndi chiyani?
Makina opangira utsi ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapanga utsi wopha tizilombo ngati micro-aerosol. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kupha udzudzu wamkulu (wopha akuluakulu), osati mphutsi. Chifukwa chake, utsi nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yachangu yochotsera unyolo wofalitsa udzudzu wamkulu akachuluka, mwachitsanzo, pamene matenda a dengue apezeka m'dera linalake.
Kawirikawiri, pali mitundu iwiri yotchuka ya ukadaulo wopangira utsi:
1. Chifunga cha kutentha (chotentha/chokhuthala chopanda utsi): chimapanga utsi pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuchokera ku mafuta oyaka.
2. Chophimba chozizira cha ULV (Ultra Low Volume, chifunga chozizira): chimapanga chifunga popanda kuyaka, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi kapena injini yaying'ono yokhala ndi atomization/air blowing system.
M'munda, chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri m'nyumba zokhala anthu ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, chifukwa chimatulutsa utsi wambiri womwe umafalikira mwachangu.
Mfundo yaikulu: kusintha madzi kukhala nthunzi
Kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo agwire ntchito popha udzudzu waukulu, madziwo ayenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala madontho ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Kukula kwa madontho kumatsimikizira ngati aerosol ikhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali kuti ilowe m'zitsamba, pansi pa tchire, kapena m'malo amdima—kumene udzudzu umapuma.
– Ngati madonthowo ndi akulu kwambiri, madziwo amagwa pansi mwachangu ndipo amanyowa pokhapokha osakhudzana kwambiri ndi udzudzu.
– Ngati madonthowo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, nkhungu imatha kunyamulidwa mosavuta ndi mphepo ndikufalikira mosalamulirika, kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi m'dera lomwe mukufuna kumachepa.
Ma fogger otenthetsera nthawi zambiri amatulutsa madontho ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka ngati utsi woyera wokhuthala (osati utsi weniweni, koma mpweya wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo + solvent womwe umasungunuka).
Zigawo zazikulu za makina opangira utsi wotentha
Ngakhale kuti mitundu ndi mitundu zimasiyana, ma thermal fogger ali ndi zigawo zofunika zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana:
1. Thanki yamafuta
Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mafuta kapena dizilo (kutengera injini). Mafuta amenewa amawotchedwa kuti apange kutentha ndi kupanikizika kofunikira.
2. Chipinda choyaka moto
Kumene mafuta amayaka. Kuyaka kumapanga mpweya wotentha komanso wopanikizika womwe umadutsa m'mapaipi/mgolo wa injini.
3. Koyilo/choyatsira ndi makina oyambira
Kuyatsa moto. Mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito choyatsira moto chamanja (chopopera/choyambitsa ndi manja) kapena makina amagetsi.
4. Thanki yothira mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Muli mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala osungunulira (nthawi zambiri mafuta/chosungunulira china). Kuchokera mu thanki iyi, madziwo amalowa mumtsuko.
5. Valavu yowongolera kuyenda kwa madzi/pomp
Imalamulira kuchuluka kwa yankho lomwe limatulutsidwa pamphindi imodzi. Izi ndizofunikira pa mlingo woyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa nthunzi.
6. Nozzle (nsonga ya kupopera)
Apa ndi pomwe yankho limalowetsedwa mu mpweya wotentha. Mphuno imazindikira kapangidwe ka kupopera ndi kuchuluka kwake.
7. Chitoliro/mgolo (chubu cha resonator)
Gawoli limatulutsa mpweya wotentha komanso wopanikizika ndipo limathandiza kupanga mphamvu ya "kugunda kwa mtima" pamakina ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utsi utuluke ndi mphamvu.
Momwe kutentha kwa thermal fogger kumagwirira ntchito pang'onopang'ono
Nayi njira yosavuta yogwirira ntchito yomwe imatsatira mfundo zaukadaulo:
1. Injini yayatsidwa ndipo kuyaka kwayamba.
Woyendetsa injiniyo amayamba kuyatsa injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta ayake m'chipinda choyaka moto. Kuyaka kumeneku kumatulutsa mpweya wotentha komanso wopanikizika kwambiri.
2. Mpweya wotentha umadutsa mu chitoliro
Mpweya wotentha umayenda mofulumira kudzera mu mbiya ya injini. Mu mapangidwe ena, ma pulse (ma pulse) amapezeka, omwe amapanga phokoso losiyana la injini: phokoso lozungulira.
3. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amathiridwa mu nozzle
Wogwiritsa ntchito amatsegula valavu ya yankho. Yankho lochokera ku thanki ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo limadutsa mu payipi kupita ku nozzle.
4. Yankho limakumana ndi mpweya wotentha ndipo limasinthidwa kukhala atomu.
Pa nsonga ya nozzle, yankho "limalowetsedwa" mu mpweya wotentha. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, chosungunulira chomwe chili mu yankho chimasanduka nthunzi mwachangu, ndikuswa madziwo kukhala madontho ang'onoang'ono.
5. Mawonekedwe a chifunga
Pamene chisakanizocho chikutuluka mu chitolirocho ndikukumana ndi mpweya wozizira wakunja, nthunzi ya solvent imasungunuka kukhala aerosol yabwino. Ichi ndi chomwe chimawoneka ngati nthunzi yoyera yokhuthala.
6. Utsi umafalikira ndipo umakumana ndi udzudzu waukulu
Utsi umalowa m'malo okhala ndi mthunzi/chinyezi. Udzudzu waukulu womwe umakumana ndi madontho a tizilombo umagwa ndi kufa, kutengera ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mlingo wake.
Udindo wa zosungunulira ndi chifukwa chake utsi umaoneka wokhuthala
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti utsi ukakhala wokhuthala, umakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Komabe, kukhuthala kwa utsi nthawi zambiri kumakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa zosungunulira ndi momwe chilengedwe chilili, osati kokha momwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwirira ntchito.
– Zosungunulira zochokera ku mafuta (kapena zosungunulira zina) nthawi zambiri zimapanga utsi “wooneka bwino”.
– Kutentha kwa mpweya, chinyezi, ndi mphepo zimakhudzanso ngati chifunga chikuwoneka chokhuthala kapena chikutha msanga.
Chofunika kwambiri kuti utsi ugwire bwino ntchito ndi kukula kwa madontho a madzi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi malo omwe amaphimbidwa, osati mawonekedwe a utsi okha.
Momwe ULV (chimfine chozizira) chimagwirira ntchito mwachidule
Kupatula zotenthetsera kutentha, palinso makina a ULV, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otsekedwa kapena ntchito zina zolunjika. ULV imagwira ntchito popanda kuyaka, nthawi zambiri ndi:
– Injiniyo imapanga mpweya wamphamvu kapena imagwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira a atomizer.
– Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagawidwa m'madontho ang'onoang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya makina (osati kutentha).
– Voliyumu yotulutsidwa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri (voliyumu yotsika kwambiri) koma kukula kwa dontho la dontholo kumapangidwa kuti lizitha kuyandama.
Ubwino wa ULV: ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuwongolera mlingo ndipo siimatulutsa utsi woyaka. Komabe, kufalikira kwake kumadalira kwambiri kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito.
Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chifunga chikhale bwino
Makina abwino satanthauza kuti chinthucho chimachita bwino. Zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi izi:
1. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito
Udzudzu wa Aedes (womwe umayambitsa matenda a dengue) umagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo. Nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi chifunga m'nthawi imeneyi, poganizira mphepo ndi kutentha.
2. Liwiro la mphepo
Mphepo yamphamvu imapangitsa kuti chifunga chifalikire mofulumira ndipo chimalepheretsa kuti chikhazikike pamalo omwe chikufunidwa. Mphepo yochepa mpaka yapakati ndi yabwino kwambiri.
3. Njira yopopera ndi kuphimba
Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyang'ana malo opumulira udzudzu: tchire, zomera, madera amdima, ndi ozungulira nyumba. Kupita kwa utsi, mtunda, ndi liwiro loyenda zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa udzudzu.
4. Mlingo ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Kusakaniza kosakwanira kungayambitse chifunga chochepa kapena chiopsezo chachikulu cha chilengedwe. Mankhwalawa (EC, ULV, okhala ndi mafuta) ayenera kukhala oyenera makinawo ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
5. Kukana udzudzu
M'madera ena, udzudzu ukhoza kukhala wokana kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Ngati udzudzu ukakhala wokana kugwiritsa ntchito, mphamvu ya udzudzu imachepa, ngakhale udzudzu utawoneka wokhuthala.
6. Kutupa si njira yothetsera mavuto kwa nthawi yayitali
Popeza imayang'ana kwambiri udzudzu waukulu, kuzizira sikuchotsa komwe kumayambitsa mphutsi za udzudzu. Popanda njira zochotsera zisa za udzudzu (PSN), monga kuchotsa madzi, kuphimba, ndi kubwezeretsanso/kukwirira zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa udzudzu kumatha kubwereranso mwachangu.
Mapeto
Makina opangira udzudzu amasintha mankhwala ophera tizilombo kukhala udzudzu wochepa womwe ungayende, kufalikira, ndikuyang'ana udzudzu waukulu m'malo obisalamo. Ma fumbi otentha amatulutsa udzudzu mwa kulowetsa yankholo mu mpweya wotentha woyaka, womwe umasungunuka pamene ukutuluka mumlengalenga. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa fumbi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kukula kwa madontho, mlingo, njira yogwiritsira ntchito, momwe mphepo imayendera, nthawi, ndi kukana kwa udzudzu. Chifukwa chake, fumbi liyenera kuonedwa ngati yankho lachangu, pomwe kupewa koyamba kumaganizira kwambiri za kuwongolera magwero obereketsa udzudzu.
Ngati mukufuna, nditha kuwonjezera gawo la "momwe mungasamalire makina opangira utsi" kapena "malangizo achitetezo ndi PPE popangira utsi" kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yokwanira komanso yogwira ntchito.
