Momwe Mungadziwire Deta Mode
Mu ziwerengero zoyambira, njira ndi muyeso umodzi wa chizolowezi chapakati, pamodzi ndi apakati ndi apakati. Njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa ndi yosavuta kumvetsetsa komanso yofulumira kuwerengera, makamaka tikafuna kupeza mtengo womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri mu seti ya deta. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, lingaliro la njira lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa kukula kwa zovala zomwe zimagulidwa kwambiri, mtundu wa galimoto yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chigoli chapamwamba kwambiri choyesera, komanso ngakhale chinthu chodziwika kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungadziwire njira ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta: deta imodzi, deta yogawidwa m'magulu, ndi mikhalidwe yapadera monga deta ya bimodal ndi multimodal.
Njira Yomvetsetsa
Njirayi ndi mtengo wa data wokhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imawonekera mobwerezabwereza kuposa ma values ena. Njirayi ndi yoyenera deta yonse ya kuchuluka (manambala) ndi yamtundu (yamagulu), monga mitundu yomwe mumakonda kapena mitundu ya chakudya yomwe imasankhidwa kawirikawiri.
Chitsanzo chosavuta:
Deta: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5
Mtengo womwe umawonekera kawirikawiri ndi 3 (umawonekera kawiri), kotero mawonekedwe = 3.
Komabe, si deta yonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe. Deta ina imakhala ndi ma values onse omwe amawoneka mofanana nthawi zambiri, kotero palibe mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, deta ina imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oposa amodzi.
Mitundu ya Ma Mode
Musanapite ku njira zowerengera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa njira:
1. Unimodal: mtengo umodzi wokha ndi womwe umawonekera kawirikawiri (mode imodzi).
2. Bimodal: pali ma values awiri omwe onse awiri amawoneka kawirikawiri.
3. Multimodal: pali ma values oposa awiri omwe amawoneka kawirikawiri.
4. Alibe mawonekedwe: mitengo yonse imawonekera ndi ma frequency omwewo.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu iyi ya njira kumatithandiza kutanthauzira deta molondola kwambiri.
Momwe Mungadziwire Njira ya Deta Yokha
Deta imodzi imalembedwa monga momwe ilili, osati m'magulu awiri. Njira zopezera njira ya deta imodzi ndi zosavuta kwambiri:
Masitepe:
1. Konzani deta (ngati mukufuna) kuyambira yaying'ono mpaka yayikulu kuti ikhale yosavuta kuiwona.
2. Werengani kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika pa mtengo uliwonse.
3. Dziwani mtengo wokhala ndi ma frequency akuluakulu ngati mawonekedwe.
Chitsanzo:
Deta ya zigoli za mayeso: 70, 80, 75, 80, 90, 80, 85, 75
Kuchuluka kwa nthawi:
– 70: nthawi imodzi
– 75: nthawi imodzi
– 80: nthawi imodzi
– 85: nthawi imodzi
– 90: nthawi imodzi
Popeza 80 imawonekera kwambiri (katatu), mawonekedwe = 80.
Chitsanzo cha Bimodal:
Deta: 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4
Ma frequency 2 ndi 3 onse ndi apamwamba kwambiri (nthawi ziwiri), kotero mawonekedwe = 2 ndi 3 (bimodal).
Chitsanzo Chopanda Njira:
Deta: 5, 6, 7, 8
Mitengo yonse imawonekera kamodzi. Chifukwa chake, deta ilibe mawonekedwe.
Momwe Mungadziwire Mode mu Gulu la Deta
Mwachizolowezi, deta yambiri nthawi zambiri imafupikitsidwa mu deta yogawidwa m'magulu monga tebulo logawa ma frequency, kutanthauza deta yogawidwa m'magulu a kalasi (monga, 60–69, 70–79, ndi zina zotero). Mu deta yogawidwa m'magulu, njira singatengedwe mwachindunji kuchokera ku nambala inayake, koma m'malo mwake imatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu kalasi ya mode ndipo imatha kuyerekezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula.
1. Dziwani Kalasi ya Mode
Kalasi ya mode ndi nthawi ya kalasi yokhala ndi ma frequency ambiri.
Chitsanzo cha tebulo:
| Nthawi Yofunika | Kuchuluka |
|—|—:|
| 40–49 | 3 |
| 50–59 | 6 |
| 60–69 | 10 |
| 70–79 | 8 |
| 80–89 | 5 |
Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri ndi 10 pakati pa 60–69, kotero kalasi ya mode = 60–69.
2. Kuwerengera Mode ndi Gulu la Deta Yogawidwa
Fomula ya mtundu wa deta yogawidwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
\[
Mo = L + \left(\frac{d_1}{d_1 + d_2}\right)\times p
\]
Zambiri:
– Mo = mode (mtengo woyerekeza wa mode)
– L = m'mphepete mwa kalasi ya mode
– p = kutalika kwa kalasi (m'lifupi mwa nthawi)
– d₁ = kuchuluka kwa kalasi ya mode − kuchuluka kwa kalasi yapitayi
– d₂ = kuchuluka kwa kalasi ya mode − kuchuluka kwa kalasi yotsatira
Chitsanzo cha Kuwerengera:
Kuchokera patebulo lapitalo:
– Kalasi ya mode: 60–69, mafupipafupi = 10
– Kalasi yam'mbuyomu: 50–59, pafupipafupi = 6
– Kalasi yotsatira: 70–79, pafupipafupi = 8
Fotokozani zigawo:
– L = malire otsika a kalasi ya mode = 59,5 (popeza malire otsika ndi 60, malire otsika = 59,5)
– p = 10
– d₁ = 10 − 6 = 4
– d₂ = 10 − 8 = 2
Lowani mu fomula:
\[
Mo = 59,5 + \kumanzere(\frac{4}{4+2}\kumanja)\kuwirikiza 10
\]
\[
Mo = 59,5 + \kumanzere(\frac{4}{6}\kumanja)\kuwirikiza 10
\]
\[
Mwezi = 59,5 + 6,67 = 66,17
\]
Kotero, mawonekedwe a deta yolumikizidwa ndi ≈ 66,17. Ichi ndi chiyerekezo cha mtengo wa mawonekedwe mu gawo la 60–69.
Zolakwa Zofala Mukamapeza Njira
Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe ake amawoneka osavuta, pali zolakwika zingapo zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri:
1. Ganizirani kuti njirayo imakhalapo nthawi zonse
Komabe, detayo mwina siili ndi ma values omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri.
2. Kusawerengera pafupipafupi mosamala
Mu deta imodzi, kulakwitsa kuwerengera ma frequency kumapanga mawonekedwe olakwika.
3. Kusankha molakwika kalasi ya mode
Mu deta yogawidwa m'magulu, kalasi ya mode iyenera kukhala yomwe ili ndi ma frequency ambiri.
4. Kuzindikira molakwika m'mphepete ndi kutalika kwa kalasi
Mu fomula ya deta yolumikizidwa, malire otsika (L) si malire otsika wamba, koma malire otsika a kalasi (monga 59,5 ya kalasi 60–69).
Kodi Mode ndi Yoyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Liti?
Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri pamene:
- Deta mu mawonekedwe a magulu (monga mtundu, mtundu, mtundu wa chinthu).
- Tikufuna kudziwa zosankha zodziwika bwino.
– Deta ili ndi mfundo zazikulu zomwe zingasokoneze avareji.
- Kugawa deta sikufanana ndipo apakati/apakati sakuyimira kwenikweni.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati anthu 10 ali ndi ndalama zambiri, avareji ikhoza "kukwezedwa" mmwamba. M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, njira imeneyi ingapereke chithunzithunzi chachikulu cha ndalama.
Kutseka
Kudziwa mtundu wa deta ndi luso lofunikira la ziwerengero lothandiza pa kusanthula kosavuta komanso kupanga zisankho. Pa ma seti a deta amodzi, njirayo imapezeka poyang'ana mtengo womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri. Pa ma seti a deta ogawidwa m'magulu, njirayo imatsimikiziridwa kuchokera ku kalasi yokhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri ndipo imatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula kuti mupeze kuyerekezera kolondola. Mukamvetsetsa masitepe, mutha kukonza deta mwachangu kwambiri ndikupeza zambiri zofunika kuchokera ku seti ya deta.
Ngati mukufuna, ndithanso kupanga mafunso oyeserera mwachitsanzo pamodzi ndi zokambirana (deta imodzi ndi deta yamagulu) kuti mumvetse bwino momwe mungadziwire njira.
