Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Tungsten Metal pa Zipangizo Zolemera
Tungsten, yomwe imadziwika ndi chizindikiro chake cha mankhwala W ndi nambala ya atomiki 74, ndi imodzi mwa zitsulo zolimba komanso zosatentha kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe chonse. Imadziwikanso kuti wolfram. M'mafakitale, makamaka popanga zida zolemera, tungsten imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi ubwino wambiri, tungsten ilinso ndi zovuta zake. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zabwino ndi zoyipa za chitsulo cha tungsten chikagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zolemera.
Ubwino wa Tungsten Metal
1. Mphamvu Yodabwitsa ndi Kulimba
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa tungsten ndi mphamvu yake. Tungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka pafupifupi madigiri 3.422 Celsius, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakufunika kukana kutentha kwambiri, monga zida zolemera zomwe zimagwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri kapena m'zigawo za injini zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Mu zida zolemera, mphamvu imeneyi imalola tungsten kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zomwe ziyenera kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi katundu, monga kudula nsonga za zida kapena zidutswa zobowola. Ubwino uwu sikuti umangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso umawonjezera moyo wa zida, kuchepetsa kufunikira kokonza pafupipafupi.
2. Kuchuluka Kwambiri
Tungsten ili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, pafupifupi magalamu 19,3 pa kiyubiki sentimita iliyonse, pafupifupi mofanana ndi golide. Mu ntchito zake, kuchuluka kumeneku kumapereka ubwino pakukhazikika komanso kusunga malo. Mwachitsanzo, mu zida zolemera monga zokumba kapena ma bulldozer, kubweza kwa tungsten kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga malo otsika a mphamvu yokoka popanda kuwonjezera voliyumu yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidazo zikhale zolimba panthawi yogwira ntchito.
3. Wosagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri
Tungsten imalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri ndi okosijeni, makamaka kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amawononga kapena ovuta kwambiri. Mu zida zolemera, zida za tungsten zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali zikakumana ndi zinthu zoopsa zachilengedwe, monga madzi amchere, mankhwala amphamvu, kapena mlengalenga wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
4. Kulimba Kwambiri
Kulimba kwa Tungsten kumapangitsanso kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolemera. Kulimba kwake ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa zitsulo zina, monga chitsulo. Kulimba kumeneku kumalola tungsten kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kukana kusintha, monga popanga zida zamakina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira zinthu zolemera.
Zoyipa za Tungsten Metal
1. Mtengo Wokwera
Chimodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu za tungsten ndi mtengo wake wokwera. Njira zake zovuta zofukula ndi kukonza, pamodzi ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe zimasungidwa, zimapangitsa tungsten kukhala chinthu chokwera mtengo pamsika. Izi zitha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu mumakampani opanga zida zolemera, makamaka ngati bajeti ndi yofunika. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito tungsten nthawi zambiri kumangokhala pazigawo kapena zigawo zomwe zimafunikiradi mawonekedwe apadera a chitsulocho.
2. Kuvuta Pokonza
Tungsten ndi chitsulo cholimba kwambiri, ndipo kuuma kumeneku kumabweretsanso mavuto pakupanga. Kudula, kupanga, ndi kuwotcherera tungsten kumafuna zida zapadera komanso njira zovuta kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zina monga chitsulo kapena aluminiyamu. Izi sizimangowonjezera ndalama zopangira komanso zimafuna antchito aluso kwambiri.
3. Kuopsa kwa poizoni
Ngakhale kuti tungsten nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti ndi chitsulo chotetezeka, mitundu ina ya mankhwala a tungsten imatha kukhala poizoni kwa anthu ndi nyama. Izi zimafuna kusamala kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi kutaya, makamaka pokonza m'mafakitale kapena ngati zinthu zomwe zili ndi tungsten zawonongeka ndipo ziyenera kutayidwa.
4. Kubwerezabwereza pa Kutentha Kwina
Ngakhale kuti tungsten imapirira kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwina, makamaka ikaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina, imatha kuyambiranso. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kopitilira madigiri 500 Celsius, tungsten imatha kupanga tungsten oxide, yomwe ingakhudze mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Izi zimafuna kapangidwe kosamala komanso zinthu zina zowonjezera pamene tungsten ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
5. Kulemera Kwambiri
Ngakhale kuti kulemera kwambiri ndi ubwino pankhani ya kukhazikika, kungakhalenso vuto pa ntchito zina. Kulemera kwake kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti kunyamula ndikuyika zida za tungsten kumafuna zida zowonjezera komanso ndalama zina. Nthawi zina, kulemera kwake kwakukulu kungakhale kovuta m'nyumba zomwe zili ndi zoletsa kulemera kapena m'zida zolemera zomwe zimafuna kuyenda mwachangu komanso mwachangu.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Tungsten mu Zida Zolemera
Ngakhale pali zovuta zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa, mafakitale ambiri amasankhabe tungsten chifukwa cha zabwino zake zabwino. Ntchito zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zida zolemera ndi izi:
– Zida Zodulira ndi Zipangizo Zobowolera: M'makampani omanga ndi migodi, tungsten carbide nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chobowolera, zida zodulira, ndi zokwapula. Kukana kwake kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri pobowolera kapena kudula zinthu zolimba.
- Kuwerengera ndi Kulemera Kotsutsana: Mu makina olemera monga ma cranes kapena ma forklift, zolemera za tungsten zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhale bwino komanso zokhazikika.
– Zigawo za Injini: Zigawo zina za injini zomwe zimakhala ndi kuthamanga kwamphamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito tungsten kuti zigwire ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
Mapeto
Tungsten ndi chitsulo chomwe chili ndi ubwino wambiri, makamaka pankhani ya mphamvu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kuuma. Komabe, zovuta zingapo, monga mtengo wake wokwera, zovuta pokonza, ndi poizoni, zimafunika kuganiziridwa mosamala musanagwiritse ntchito. M'dziko la zida zolemera, tungsten ikadali chisankho chokondedwa pa ntchito zambiri zomwe zimafuna ubwino wapadera wa chitsulocho. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, mavutowa amatha kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa tungsten kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale amtsogolo.
