Mitundu ya Zitsulo Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanga Zodzikongoletsera Zapamwamba
Zodzikongoletsera zokongola sizimangokhudza mapangidwe okongola kapena kunyezimira kokongola kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali. Kumbuyo kwa mphete ya diamondi, mkanda wokhala ndi mkanda wokongola, kapena chibangili chapamwamba kuli chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimatsimikizira ubwino ndi kufunika kwake: chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsulo ndiye "chimango" chachikulu cha zodzikongoletsera - chomwe chimakhudza kulimba, mtundu, chitonthozo, ndi kutchuka. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa mitundu ya zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zodzikongoletsera zabwino kudzakuthandizani kusankha zidutswa zomwe sizimangokhala zokongola komanso zokhala ndi phindu lokhalitsa.
Nazi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba, zokhala ndi makhalidwe awo, ubwino wawo, ndi zinthu zomwe zimaganiziridwa.
1. Golide
Golide ndiye chitsulo chodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chokongoletsera. Kukongola kwake kuli chifukwa cha kunyezimira kwake kosiyana, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kufunika kwake kokhazikika. Komabe, golide weniweni (24K) ndi wofewa, kotero nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zitsulo zina kuti awonjezere mphamvu zake.
a. Golide wa 24K
Golide wa 24-karat amatanthauza kuti ndi woyera pafupifupi 99,9%. Uli ndi mtundu wachikasu wozama ndipo ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, koma chifukwa ndi wofewa, umakanda mosavuta komanso wopindika. M'maiko ena, golide wa 24K nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama kapena zodzikongoletsera zachikhalidwe zomwe sizimavalidwa tsiku lililonse.
b. Golide wa 18K
Golide wa 18K (golide weniweni 75%) ndiye chisankho chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri pa zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba. Chopangidwachi chimapereka kulinganiza bwino kwapamwamba, mtundu, komanso kulimba. Mabizinesi ambiri otsogola amasankha 18K chifukwa ndi yofewa komanso yolimba, koma imakhala yolimba mokwanira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse.
golide wa c. 14K ndi 10K
Golide wa 14K (golide wa 58,5%) ndi golide wa 10K (golide wa 41,7%) ndi olimba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa aloyi. Amakhala otsika mtengo komanso oyenera zodzikongoletsera za tsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale kuti sapereka mawonekedwe "apamwamba" komanso mtundu wofanana ndi golide wa 18K kapena 24K.
d. Mitundu ya Golide: Wachikasu, Woyera, ndi Duwa
– Golide wachikasu: chisakanizo cha golide ndi siliva ndi mkuwa, kusunga mtundu wakale.
– Golide woyera: golide wosakaniza ndi nickel, palladium, kapena zitsulo zina zoyera, kenako nthawi zambiri amapakidwa ndi rhodium kuti iwonekere bwino.
– Golide wa duwa: golide wosakaniza ndi mkuwa wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu wa pinki kukhala wofunda komanso wachikondi.
2. Platinamu
Platinamu ndi chizindikiro cha zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri. Chitsulochi n'chosowa kwambiri kuposa golide, chili ndi mtundu woyera wachilengedwe, ndipo sichimavutika ndi dzimbiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, platinamu imamva yolemera kwambiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito—ambiri amaona kulemera kumeneku ngati chizindikiro cha “mtengo wapatali.”
Ubwino wa Platinamu:
- Yolimba kwambiri komanso yosavuta kuiwononga
- Sichifuna kuphimba kwina monga golide woyera
- Yoyenera khungu lofewa chifukwa nthawi zambiri silimayambitsa ziwengo (kutengera mtundu wa zosakaniza)
- Yabwino kwambiri pa diamondi chifukwa ndi yolimba komanso yolimba
Vuto lake ndilakuti ndi lokwera mtengo komanso lovuta kuligwiritsa ntchito, choncho mtengo wopangira zodzikongoletsera nawonso ndi wokwera.
3. Siliva
Siliva ili ndi kunyezimira koyera kokongola ndipo yakhala chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chodziwika bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, siliva weniweni (siliva wabwino kwambiri wa 99,9%) nayenso ndi wofewa kwambiri pa zodzikongoletsera, kotero siliva wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi sterling (siliva wa 92,5%, zitsulo zina za 7,5%, nthawi zambiri mkuwa).
Siliva wonyezimira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba kapena zosonkhanitsira mafashoni apamwamba. Komabe, siliva ali ndi vuto: amasungunuka mosavuta kapena kuipitsidwa akakumana ndi chinyezi, mafuta onunkhira, kapena thukuta. Chifukwa chake, zodzikongoletsera zasiliva zimafunika kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, monga kuzipukuta kapena kuzisunga ndi silica gel.
4. Palladium
Palladium ndi chitsulo choyera chomwe chili m'gulu lomwelo la platinamu (gulu la platinamu). M'zaka zaposachedwa, palladium yadziwika kwambiri ngati njira ina yabwino kwambiri yopangira zodzikongoletsera zoyera.
Ubwino wa palladium:
- Mtundu wake ndi woyera mwachilengedwe ndipo sutha msanga
- Yopepuka kuposa platinamu
- Amakhala ndi hypoallergenic
- Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri
Palladium ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zodzikongoletsera zokha, kapena ngati chopangira golide woyera wapamwamba kwambiri (m'malo mwa nickel, yomwe ingayambitse ziwengo).
5. Rhodium (Chophimba Chapamwamba Kuti Chiwonekere Bwino Kwambiri)
Rhodium sigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira zodzikongoletsera chifukwa ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso yovuta kupanga. Komabe, rhodium ndi yotchuka kwambiri ngati chopangira golide woyera ndi siliva.
Ntchito za rhodium:
- Zimapatsa kuwala koyera kowala
- Zimawonjezera kukana kukanda pang'ono
- Zimathandiza kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi siliva
Vuto lake ndilakuti chotchingira cha rhodium chimatha kutha pakapita nthawi, makamaka pa mphete zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapakidwa. Chifukwa chake, zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimapakidwa ndi rhodium nthawi zambiri zimafunika kupakidwanso nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ziwonekere bwino.
6. Titanium
Titaniyamu imadziwika ndi mphamvu zake, kulemera kwake kochepa, komanso kukana dzimbiri. M'dziko la zodzikongoletsera zamakono zapamwamba, titaniyamu nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapangidwe amakono—makamaka mphete za amuna, zibangili, ndi mawotchi apamwamba.
Ubwino wa titaniyamu:
- Yopepuka kwambiri koma yamphamvu
- Madzi a m'nyanja komanso osagwira thukuta
- Zosayambitsa ziwengo
- Maonekedwe amakono komanso a amuna
Komabe, titaniyamu ndi yovuta kwambiri kuyisintha kukula chifukwa cha kuuma kwake. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza kukula koyenera kwa mphete musanagule.
7. Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimagwirizana ndi zodzikongoletsera zamafashoni. Koma m'magulu ena—monga mawotchi apamwamba kapena zodzikongoletsera zopangidwa ndi mafakitale—chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingawoneke ngati chapamwamba kwambiri, makamaka chapamwamba kwambiri monga 316L kapena 904L.
Ubwino wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:
- Imalimba kwambiri komanso imapirira dzimbiri
- Kukonza kosavuta
- Mitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri
- Yoyenera kalembedwe kamakono
Komabe, mtengo wake weniweni si wofanana ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide kapena platinamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosankhidwa kwambiri kuposa ndalama.
8. Tantalum ndi Tungsten (Chisankho Chapadera Chapadera)
Zitsulo ziwirizi zikufunidwa kwambiri pa zodzikongoletsera za amuna kapena mphete zaukwati zamakono.
– Tantalum: imvi yakuda yabuluu, yolimba ndi dzimbiri, komanso yosowa kwambiri. Imapereka chithunzithunzi chapadera chifukwa sichidziwika bwino.
– Tungsten (tungsten carbide): yolimba kwambiri komanso yosakanda. Komabe, chifukwa ndi yolimba kwambiri, tungsten nthawi zambiri imakhala yofooka chifukwa cha kugundana kwina ndipo imakhala yovuta kuyisintha kukula.
Zonsezi zimapereka kukongola kosiyana ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zakale, zoyenera kwa ovala omwe akufuna mawonekedwe apadera.
Mapeto
Zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba sizinthu zoyambira zokha, koma maziko ake ndi omwe amatsimikiza mtundu, kulimba, komanso mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Golide ndi platinamu akadali otchuka chifukwa cha kufunika kwawo kwakukulu komanso kutchuka. Pakadali pano, palladium, titaniyamu, ndi tantalum zimapereka njira zamakono zokhala ndi zabwino zake zapadera. Siliva ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zilinso ndi malo ofunikira - makamaka pamitundu ina ndi zovala za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Posankha zodzikongoletsera, ganizirani momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito (tsiku ndi tsiku kapena zochitika zapadera), kukhudzidwa ndi khungu, zosowa za chisamaliro, ndi kufunika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mukamvetsetsa mitundu ya zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mutha kupanga chisankho chodziwa bwino ndikupeza zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kalembedwe kanu ndi zosowa zanu.
