Momwe Mungapangire Chitsulo Chosapanga Chitsulo Chopanda Zitsulo
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kapena chomwe chimadziwika kuti "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri," ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mafakitale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa mipeni mpaka pakupanga nyumba zazitali. Ubwino waukulu wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kukana dzimbiri komanso kulimba kwake. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane njira zopangira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kuyambira pa zipangizo zopangira mpaka zinthu zomalizidwa.
1. Kusankha Zipangizo Zopangira
1.1. Chikhulupiriro
Chofunikira kwambiri popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo. Chitsulochi chimachokera ku migodi, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a hematite kapena magnetite. Kenako chitsulocho chimayengedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti chiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa chitsulocho.
1.2. Chromium
Chromium ndi chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimapanga osachepera 10.5% ya kapangidwe kake konse. Chromium imapatsa chitsulo ichi mphamvu zake zopirira dzimbiri. Chromium imapezeka kuchokera ku mchere monga chromite.
1.3. Faifi tambala
Nickel nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa kuti iwonjezere kusinthasintha komanso kukana okosijeni kutentha kwambiri. Nickel nthawi zambiri imapezeka kuchokera kuzinthu monga laterite ndi nickel sulfide.
1.4. Zipangizo Zowonjezera
Zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi molybdenum, manganese, silicon, nayitrogeni, ndi carbon. Chilichonse mwa zinthuzi chimapereka zinthu zina zapadera monga mphamvu ya makina kapena kukana kuwonongeka.
2. Njira Yosungunula
2.1. Kupanga Chitsulo cha Nkhumba
Gawo loyamba pakusungunula ndi kupanga chitsulo cha nkhumba. Zipangizo zopangira zimayikidwa mu uvuni woyaka moto ndikusungunuka kutentha kwambiri. Njira imeneyi imasiyanitsa chitsulocho ndi zinthu zina zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chotsatira chake ndi chitsulo cha nkhumba, chomwe chili ndi kaboni, silicon, sulfure, ndi phosphorous.
2.2. Decarburization
Gawo lotsatira ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni mu chitsulo cha nkhumba kudzera mu njira yotchedwa decarburization. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu basic oxygen converter kapena electric arc furnace (EAF). Mu njira ya EAF, ma electrode a graphite amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza decarburization.
2.3. Kuyika aloyi
Kaboni ikachepa, zinthu zosakaniza monga chromium, nickel, molybdenum, ndi zina zimawonjezeredwa ku kusungunuka. Njira yowonjezerayi imafuna chisamaliro chachikulu komanso kulondola, chifukwa zinthu zolakwika zimatha kuwononga mphamvu zomaliza za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
3. Kulimba ndi Kuyesa
3.1. Kugwirizana kwa Zinthu
Pambuyo poti zinthu zosungunula ziwonjezedwe, chitsulo chosungunuka chiyenera kusinthidwa kukhala chofanana, nthawi zambiri mu uvuni wolowetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zonse zosungunula zagawidwa mofanana mu chitsulo chosungunukacho.
3.2. Kuponya
Gawo lotsatira ndikuyika chitsulo chosungunukacho mu chikombole kuti chipange billet, bloom, kapena slab. Njirayi ikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, monga die casting, sand casting, kapena continuous casting.
3.3. Kuyesa Ubwino
Chitsulo chikapangidwa, zinthu zomwe zatuluka ziyenera kuyesedwa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera ubwino, monga kuyesa kukoka, kuyesa kuuma, kuyesa kukhudzidwa, ndi kusanthula mankhwala. Cholinga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi kapangidwe koyenera komanso mphamvu zamakina zomwe zimafunidwa.
4. Njira Yogwirira Ntchito Yapamwamba
4.1. Kugudubuzika Kwambiri
Ma billets, maluwa, kapena slabs opangidwa ndi njira yopangira zinthu nthawi zambiri amakhala akuluakulu komanso okhwima kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji ndipo motero amafunika kukonzedwanso kudzera mu hot rolling. Pa siteji iyi, chitsulocho chimatenthedwanso ndikukulungidwa kukhala mapepala opyapyala, mipiringidzo, kapena ma profiles.
4.2. Kuwonjezera
Pambuyo potenthetsa chitsulocho, chitsulocho chimadutsa mu njira yothira madzi kuti chichepetse kupsinjika kwa mkati ndikuwonjezera kutalika kwake. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kutenthetsa chitsulocho kutentha kwina kenako ndikuchiziziritsa pang'onopang'ono.
4.3. Cold Rolling
Kuti chitsulocho chikhale chokhuthala komanso cholimba bwino, chimakulungidwa ndi chivundikiro chozizira. Kukulungidwa kozizira kumachitika kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo kumapangitsa kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikhale chosalala komanso kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu zabwino pamakina.
4.4. Kutola
Njira yophikira ikuphatikizapo kuchotsa ma oxide ndi ma scale pamwamba pa chitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya asidi. Izi zimapangitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kukhala choyera komanso chimathandiza kuti chisamachite dzimbiri.
5. Kumaliza ndi Kupanga
5.1. Kumaliza Pamwamba
Pambuyo pochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingapatsidwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomaliziro kutengera zomwe zikufunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zina mwa zomaliziro pamwamba zimaphatikizapo zopaka burashi, zopukutidwa, zojambulidwa ndi magalasi, kapena zosaoneka bwino.
5.2. Chithandizo cha Kutentha
Chithandizo china chowonjezera cha kutentha chingafunike kuti chisinthe mawonekedwe a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kutengera momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Njira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi monga kuzimitsa, kutenthetsa, ndi kuwotcha.
5.3. Kupanga ndi Kupanga Machining
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimayenera kupangidwa ndi kupangidwa motsatira malangizo enaake. Izi zingaphatikizepo kudula, kupindika, kuwotcherera, ndi njira zina zosiyanasiyana zopangira.
5.4. Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino
Gawo lomaliza ndikutsimikizira kuti zinthu zili bwino kudzera mu mayeso ena ndi kuyang'anitsitsa maso. Kenako chinthu chomaliza chimayikidwa m'mabokosi ndipo chimakonzeka kuperekedwa kwa ogula kapena mafakitale omwe akufunika.
Mapeto
Kupanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yovuta yomwe imatenga magawo angapo, kuyambira kuchotsa zinthu zopangira, kusungunula, kusakaniza, kuyika, kupukuta, kusakaniza, mpaka kumaliza ndi kupanga. Kupambana pa gawo lililonse la ndondomekoyi kumatsimikizira ubwino ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chomaliza chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhalabe chimodzi mwa zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso zofunika kwambiri m'makampani amakono.
