Kuwala kwa Kuwala kwa Nyumba
Kuunikira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba. Kupatula kupereka kuwala, kumakhudzanso chitonthozo, malo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera tsiku ndi tsiku. Pakati pa zosankha zambiri zomwe zilipo, nyali za fluorescent (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa nyali za TL kapena nyali za neon) zikadali chisankho chodziwika bwino pazosowa zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo. Ngakhale kuti ma LED akuchulukirachulukira pamsika, nyali za fluorescent zikadali ndi zabwino zake, makamaka m'malo omwe amafunikira kuwala kokulirapo, kofanana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za nyali za fluorescent, mitundu yake, zabwino ndi zoyipa zake, komanso malangizo osankha ndikusamalira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba.
Kodi Nyali Yowala Ndi Chiyani?
Nyali ya fluorescent ndi mtundu wa nyali yomwe imapanga kuwala kudzera mu magetsi omwe amatuluka mu chubu chokhala ndi mpweya (nthawi zambiri argon) ndi nthunzi yochepa ya mercury. Magetsi akagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthunzi ya mercury imatulutsa kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV). Kuwala kwa UV kumeneku kumagunda chophimba cha phosphor pakhoma lamkati la chubu, chomwe chimasandulika kuwala kooneka. Chifukwa chakuti njirayi imasiyana ndi nyali za incandescent, zomwe zimatenthetsa ulusi, nyali za fluorescent nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa nyali za incandescent wamba.
Ku Indonesia, mawu oti "nyali ya neon" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za nyali za fluorescent, makamaka zitsanzo za machubu aatali. Mwaukadaulo, neon amatanthauza mpweya wa neon, monga momwe umapezeka m'mabatani kapena magetsi otsatsa. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, mawuwa akhala ofala kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Magetsi Owala a Pakhomo
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nyali za fluorescent zomwe zimapezeka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana.
1. Kuwala kwa chubu chowala (Kuwala kwa chubu / TL)
Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri: mawonekedwe atali, ozungulira, omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'makhitchini, m'magalaji, m'zipinda zochapira zovala, kapena m'malo ogwirira ntchito. Amabwera m'makulidwe osiyanasiyana, monga T5 ndi T8. Nambalayi ikutanthauza kukula kwa chubu (mu ma eighths of an inchi). T5 ndi yopyapyala kuposa T8.
2. CFL (Nyali Yopepuka Yopepuka)
Ma CFL ndi ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira kapena ozungulira okhala ndi chogwirira ngati babu wamba. Ma CFL anali otchuka kwambiri kale ngati njira ina m'malo mwa mababu a incandescent chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri, ngakhale tsopano asinthidwa kwambiri ndi ma LED.
3. Mphete yowala (mphete)
Magetsi ozungulira nthawi zambiri amapezeka padenga lokhala ndi zinthu zinazake. Ubwino wawo ndi monga kuwala kofanana komanso mawonekedwe abwino m'zipinda zochezera kapena m'zipinda za mabanja.
4. Kuwala kowala ndi armature yapadera (yokhala ndi reflector)
Nyali zina zowala bwino zimakhala ndi zowunikira kuti ziwongolere kuwala bwino. Zili zoyenera malo ogwirira ntchito monga makauntala a kukhitchini, zipinda zophunzirira, kapena malo ogwirira ntchito ang'onoang'ono m'nyumba.
Ubwino wa Nyali za Fluorescent
N’chifukwa chiyani magetsi a fluorescent amakondedwa kwambiri m’nyumba? Nazi zina mwa zabwino zake:
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu kuposa nyali zoyatsira magetsi
Poyerekeza ndi mababu a incandescent, mababu a fluorescent amatha kupanga ma lumens ambiri (kuwala) kuti akhale ndi mphamvu yofanana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kusunga ndalama zambiri pamagetsi.
2. Kuwala kofanana kwambiri m'malo akuluakulu
Magetsi a chubu amatulutsa kuwala pamwamba pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuunikira zipinda zomwe zimafuna kuwala kwakukulu, monga kukhitchini, m'makonde, kapena malo ogwirira ntchito.
3. Mitengo yotsika mtengo
Nthawi zina, makamaka pazinthu zina zomwe zilipo kale, kusintha machubu a fluorescent kungakhale kotsika mtengo kuposa kusintha makina onse.
4. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala
Ma fluorescent amapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha, kuyambira oyera ofunda mpaka masana ozizira, kotero amatha kusinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa ndi mlengalenga wa chipindacho.
Zoyipa za Nyali za Fluorescent
Ngakhale ubwino wake, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:
1. Muli ndi mercury
Imeneyi ndi vuto lalikulu. Mercury ndi yoopsa ngati nyali yasweka ndipo nthunzi yake yapumidwa. Chifukwa chake, nyali za fluorescent ziyenera kutayidwa bwino komanso mosamala.
2. Ubwino wa kuwala ukhoza kuchepa pakapita nthawi.
Mukagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, nyali za fluorescent zimatha kuchepa kwa kuwala, kuzimiririka, kapena kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti ziunikire mokwanira.
3. Imafuna ballast (pa mitundu ina)
Nyali za chubu cha kuwala zimafuna ballast (ya maginito kapena yamagetsi). Ballast yolakwika ingayambitse nyali kuzima, kulephera msanga, kapena kupanga phokoso lalikulu.
4. Sikoyenera kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa pafupipafupi
Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri pa nthawi yoyatsa magetsi kungafupikitse moyo wa mitundu ina ya ma fluorescent, makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma ballast ena.
5. Kuyamba kutsala poyerekeza ndi ma LED
Ma LED nthawi zambiri amakhala osunga mphamvu zambiri, amakhala nthawi yayitali, komanso alibe mercury. Chifukwa chake, ma fluorescent tsopano akusankhidwa kwambiri chifukwa chogwirizana ndi zida zomwe zilipo kapena zosowa zinazake.
Ndi Zipinda Ziti Zoyenera Kuyikidwa?
Nyali zowala bwino ndizoyenera kwambiri zipinda zomwe zimafuna magetsi ofanana komanso ogwira ntchito. Nazi zitsanzo za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kunyumba:
– Khitchini: imathandiza kuphika chifukwa kuwala kumakhala kowala komanso kofalikira.
– Chipinda chochapira zovala kapena bafa (chokhala ndi zolumikizira zosanyowa): magetsi ofanana amathandiza kukhala aukhondo komanso otetezeka.
– Magalaji ndi malo osungiramo zinthu: oyenera madera akuluakulu omwe amafunika kuwona bwino.
– Malo ogwirira ntchito kapena desiki yophunzirira: ndi malo oyenera, magetsi owunikira amatha kupereka kuwala kokwanira popanda mithunzi yambiri.
Pa zipinda zogona kapena zipinda zochezera, anthu ena sakonda kuwala kwa fluorescent komwe kumamveka "kozizira" kapena kowala kwambiri, ngakhale izi zitha kuthetsedwa posankha mtundu wofunda wa kuwala koyera.
Malangizo Osankhira Magetsi Owala a Pakhomo Panu
Kuti mupewe kusankha molakwika, ganizirani mfundo izi:
1. Samalani ma watts ndi ma lumens
Mphamvu yamagetsi imasonyeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imasonyeza kuwala. Sankhani kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi, osati mphamvu yamagetsi yokha. Pa malo ogwirira ntchito, sankhani mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba kuti mugwire ntchito bwino.
2. Sankhani kutentha kwa mtundu malinga ndi ntchito yake
– Choyera chofunda (pafupifupi 2700–3000K): malo ofunda komanso omasuka (chipinda chochezera, chipinda chogona).
– Yoyera yopanda mbali (pafupifupi 4000K): yolinganizidwa (khitchini, chipinda chodyera).
– Kuwala kwa dzuwa kozizira (pafupifupi 5000–6500K): kowala komanso kolunjika (garaja, malo ogwirira ntchito).
3. Ganizirani za CRI (Color Rendering Index)
CRI imasonyeza kulondola kwa mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa kuwala. CRI ikakwera (mwachitsanzo, pamwamba pa 80), mitunduyo imawonekera mwachilengedwe. Izi ndizofunikira kukhitchini kapena malo ogwirira ntchito.
4. Onetsetsani kuti ikugwirizana ndi armature ndi ballast.
Kukula kwa chubu (T5/T8), mtundu woyikira, ndi mtundu wa ballast ziyenera kugwirizana. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ma CFL, onetsetsani kuti choyikira nyali chikugwirizana.
5. Sankhani zinthu zabwino kwambiri
Magetsi otsika mtengo nthawi zambiri amazima kapena kuzima mwachangu. Sankhani mtundu wodziwika bwino wokhala ndi chitsimikizo komanso miyezo yabwino yachitetezo.
Chisamaliro ndi Chitetezo
Nyali zowala ndi zina mwa zida zamagetsi zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino:
– Tsukani chidebecho nthawi zonse kuti fumbi lisachepetse kuwala.
– Ngati kuwala kukuwala mosalekeza, yang'anani ngati vuto lili ndi chubu, choyambira (cha mitundu yakale), kapena ballast.
– Ngati nyale yasweka, tsegulani ma ventilation, musasese ndi manja opanda kanthu, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi ndi zomatira (monga tepi ya duct) kuti mutenge zidutswa zazing'ono.
– Tayani nyali zogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino; pewani kuzitaya mu zinyalala ngati n'kotheka. Yang'anani malo osonkhanitsira zinyalala zamagetsi kapena mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso zinthu.
Kodi ikadali yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito?
Yankho lake limadalira zosowa zanu. Ngati nyumba yanu ili kale ndi zida zowunikira ndipo magetsi akugwirabe ntchito bwino, magetsi owunikira amatha kukhala njira yotsika mtengo, makamaka m'malo ogwirira ntchito monga khitchini, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu, ndi garaja. Komabe, ngati mukukonzanso kapena mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri ndi moyo wautali, ma LED nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kwambiri.
Nyali zowala zapakhomo ndi njira yowunikira yomwe yakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, yotsimikiziridwa kuti imapereka kuwala kofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu bwino kuposa nyali zowala. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta monga kuchuluka kwa mercury komanso chizolowezi chozimitsa magetsi akamakalamba, nyali zowala zimakhalabe zofunikira pa zosowa zina. Mwa kusankha mtundu woyenera, kusintha mtundu wa kuwala, komanso kusamala za chitetezo ndi kutaya magetsi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nyali zowala za fluorescent ngati nyali zothandiza komanso zothandiza m'nyumba mwanu.
